يالمر برانتنغ
كارل يالمار برانتنگ (Karl Hjalmar Branting ؛ النطق السويدي: [ˈjǎlmar ˈbrânːtɪŋ] (
استمع) ؛ و.23 نوفمبر 1860 - 24 فبراير 1925) هو سياسي سويدي.
| يالمار برانتنگ Hjalmar Branting | |
|---|---|
| |
| رئيس وزراء السويد رقم 16 | |
| في المنصب 10 مارس 1920 – 27 اكتوبر 1920 | |
| سبقه | نيلس إدن |
| خلفه | لويس دى گير |
| في المنصب 13 أكتوبر 1921 – 19 أبريل 1923 | |
| سبقه | أوسكار فون سيدوڤ |
| خلفه | إرنست تريگر |
| في المنصب 18 اكتوبر 1924 – 24 يناير 1925 | |
| سبقه | إرنست تريگر |
| خلفه | ريكارد ساندلر |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| في المنصب 13 October 1921 – 19 April 1923 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | Himself |
| سبقه | Herman Wrangel |
| خلفه | Carl Hederstierna |
| Minister of Finance | |
| في المنصب 19 October 1917 – 5 January 1918 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | Nils Edén |
| سبقه | Conrad Carleson |
| خلفه | Fredrik Vilhelm Thorsson |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | 23 نوفمبر 1860 ستوكهولم |
| توفي | 24 فبراير 1925 (aged 64) |
| الحزب | الاشتراكيون الديمقراطيون |
| الدين | اللوثرية/كنيسة السويد |
| التوقيع | 
|
درس علم الفيلم وعين مساعداً في مرصد ستكهولم ولكنه ترك مسيرته العلمية ليكرسها للصحافة سنة 1884. أطلق سنة 1886 جريدة (Social-Demokraten) وأنشأ سنة 1889 مع أوگست بالم حزب العمل الاجتماعي الديمقراطي. في سنة 1897 أصبح أول ممثل عن الحزب يتم انتخابه في البرلمان ومن ثم قام بين 1907 و 1925 بترأس الحزب. عمل في منصب رئيس وزراء السويد ثلاث مرات مصبحا: من 10 مارس إلى 27 أكتوبر 1920 ومن ثم بين 13 أكتوبر 1921 إلى 19 أبريل 1923 ومن ثم بين 18 أكتوبر 1923 ة 24 يناير 1925. قام بإدخال السويد إلى عصبة الأمم وكان نشطا داخلها. في سنة 1917 دعم ثورة فبراير الروسية.
حصل سنة 1921 على جائزة نوبل للسلام مع كريستيان لويس لانج .
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السيرة
Born to the professor Lars Gabriel Branting and the noblewoman and pianist Emma af Georgii, Branting was educated in Stockholm and at Uppsala University. He developed a scientific background in mathematical astronomy and was an assistant at the Stockholm Observatory, but gave up his devotion to scientific work to become a journalist in 1884 and began editing the newspapers Tiden and Social-Demokraten. The latter was official media outlet of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.[1] His decision to publish an article by the more radical socialist Axel Danielsson, a piece denounced by opponents as insulting to religious sensitivities, resulted in political convictions for blasphemy and imprisonment for both men.[2] Branting was imprisoned for three months in 1888.[3]
Together with August Palm, Branting was one of the main organizers of the Swedish Social Democratic Party in 1889. He was its first Member of Parliament from 1896 and for six years the only one.
In the early years of the 20th century, Branting led the Social Democrats in opposing a war to force Norway to remain in a personal union with Sweden. When the crisis came in 1905, he coined the slogan "Hands off Norway, King!" The Social Democrats organized resistance to a call-up of reserves and made preparations for a general strike against a war; historians now acclaim this as a major factor in Norway's peaceful independence. In 1908 Branting established a monthly theoretical political journal entitled Tiden which is still in publication.[4]
Branting accepted Eduard Bernstein's revision of Marxism and became a reformist socialist, advocating a peaceful transition from capitalism towards socialism. He believed that if workers were given the vote through universal suffrage, socialist legislation could be brought through the Riksdag. Branting supported the February Revolution in Russia in 1917. He supported the moderate Mensheviks against Lenin's more extreme Bolsheviks and defended the government of Alexander Kerensky, whom he even personally visited in Petrograd. When the October Revolution broke out in the winter of that year, Branting condemned the Bolshevik seizure of power. 1917 saw a split in the Swedish Social Democratic Party on this question, and the youth league and the revolutionary sections of the party broke away and formed the Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden, initially headed by Zeth Höglund, which soon reorganized as the Swedish Communist Party. Höglund later returned to the Social Democratic Party after Branting's death, and wrote a two-volume biography of Branting.
As prime minister, Branting brought Sweden into the League of Nations and was personally active as a delegate within it. When the question of whether Åland should be handed over to Sweden after the independence of Finland from Russia was brought up, he let the League decide upon the issue; the islands became an autonomous region of Finland. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921 for his work in the League of Nations, sharing the prize with the Norwegian Christian Lous Lange.
Branting died in Stockholm at the age of 64 on 24 February 1925, four months after being sworn in for a third term as prime minister following the SAP's victory in the 1924 general election. He was succeeded as prime minister by Rickard Sandler; Per Albin Hansson became party chairman, later serving as prime minister from 1932 to 1946.
تماثيل ونصُب
Branting is commemorated by the Branting Monument in Stockholm. Additionally in Gothenburg, there is a tram and bus interchange named after Branting (Swedish: Hjalmar Brantingsplatsen). Stockholms Plads (Stockholm Square) in Copenhagen was renamed Hjalmar Brantings Plads in 1925.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Jonas Harvard (2019). "Socialist communication strategies and the spring of 1917". Scandinavian Journal of History. 44 (2): 174. doi:10.1080/03468755.2018.1500394. S2CID 149567370.
- ^ Enander, Crister (14 December 2009). "I krigarens lofliga uppsåt att såra och döda" Archived 2010-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (in سويدية). Tidningen Kulturen. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
- ^ Robertson, J. M. (2003). History of Freethought in the Nineteenth Century, Part 2. Kessinger Publishing. p. 487. ISBN 0-7661-3955-7.
- ^ "Tiden Magasin". tidskrift.nu (in السويدية). Retrieved 15 August 2022.
وصلات خارجية
| مناصب حزبية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Claes Tholin |
زعيم الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي 1907–1925 |
تبعه Per Albin Hansson |
| مناصب سياسية | ||
| سبقه Conrad Carleson |
وزير المالية 1917–1918 |
تبعه Fredrik Thorsson |
| سبقه Nils Edén |
رئيس وزراء السويد 1920 |
تبعه لويس دى گير |
| سبقه Herman Wrangel |
وزير الخارجية 1921–1923 |
تبعه Carl Hederstierna |
| سبقه أوسكار فون سيدوڤ |
رئيس وزراء السويد 1921–1923 |
تبعه إرنست تريگر |
| سبقه إرنست تريگر |
رئيس وزراء السويد 1924–1925 |
تبعه ريكارد ساندلر |