لا شو-دى-فون
لا شو-دى-فون (La Chaux-de-Fonds ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [laʃodəfɔ̃]) هي مدينة سويسرية في منطقة لا شو-دى-فون in the canton of Neuchâtel. It is located in the Jura mountains at an altitude of 1000 m, a few kilometres south of the French border. After Geneva and Lausanne, it is the third largest city located completely in the Romandie, the French-speaking part of the country, with a population (اعتبارا من قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE[تحديث][[تصنيف:مقالات فيها عبارات متقادمة منذ خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متوقع.]]) of قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE.قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE
La Chaux-de-Fonds | |
|---|---|
 La Chaux de Fonds in September 2005 | |
 Coat of arms | |
  La Chaux-de-Fonds | |
|
Location of La Chaux-de-Fonds  La Chaux-de-Fonds La Chaux-de-Fonds (كانتون نوشاتل) | |
| الإحداثيات: قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE) 47°6.08′N 6°49.5′E / 47.10133°N 6.8250°ECoordinates: قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE) 47°6.08′N 6°49.5′E / 47.10133°N 6.8250°E | |
| البلد | سويسرا |
| الكانتون | Neuchâtel |
| المقاطعة | La Chaux-de-Fonds |
| الحكومة | |
| • التنفيذي | Conseil communal مع 5 عضو |
| • العمدة | Président du Conseil communal (list) Théo Huguenin-Elie |
| • البرلمان | Conseil général مع 41 أعضاء |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 55٫71 كم² (21٫51 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 992 m (3٬255 ft) |
| التعداد (خطأ: زمن غير صحيح.قالب:Swiss populations data CH-NE) | |
| • الإجمالي | خطأ في التعبير: علامة ترقيم لم نتعرف عليها «[». |
| Postal code | 2300 |
| SFOS number | 6421 |
| يحيطها | Fontaines, Fournet-Blancheroche (FR-25), Grand'Combe-des-Bois (FR-25), La Ferrière (BE), La Sagne, Le Locle, Les Bois (JU), Les Fontenelles (FR-25), Les Hauts-Geneveys, Les Planchettes, Renan (BE) |
| Twin towns | Winterthur (Switzerland), Frameries (Belgium) |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www SFSO statistics |
| La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, watchmaking town planning | |
|---|---|
| أسس الاختيار | Cultural: iv |
| المراجع | 1302 |
| Inscription | 2009 (33rd Session) |
The city was founded in 1656. Its growth and prosperity is mainly bound up with the watch-making industry. It is the most important centre of the watch making industry in the area known as the Watch Valley. Partially destroyed by a fire in 1794, La Chaux-de-Fonds was rebuilt following a grid street plan, which was and is still original among Swiss cities, the only exception being the easternmost section of the city, which was spared of fire. This creates an interesting and obvious transition from the old section to the newer section. The roads in the original section are very narrow and winding, which then opens up to the grid pattern near the town square. The famous architect Le Corbusier, the writer Blaise Cendrars and the car maker Louis Chevrolet were born there. La Chaux-de-Fonds is a renowned centre of Art nouveau.
In 2009, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle, its sister city, have jointly been awarded UNESCO World Heritage status for their exceptional universal value.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
The watch making cities of La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle have jointly received recognition from UNESCO for their exceptional universal value.
Economy
The city's economy is based on industry and watch manufacturers.
Transport
The city is served by La Chaux-de-Fonds railway station, Les Eplatures Airport, and the La Chaux-de-Fonds trolleybus system.
Climate
| بيانات مناخ La Chaux-de-Fonds (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 2.7 (36.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.8 (55) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
11٫3 (52٫3) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | -1.6 (29.1) |
-1.1 (30) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
-0.4 (31.3) |
6٫5 (43٫7) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -6.0 (21.2) |
-5.7 (21.7) |
-2.8 (27) |
0.6 (33.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
-1.5 (29.3) |
-4.2 (24.4) |
1٫8 (35٫2) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 107 (4.21) |
99 (3.9) |
111 (4.37) |
99 (3.9) |
141 (5.55) |
124 (4.88) |
126 (4.96) |
136 (5.35) |
128 (5.04) |
123 (4.84) |
120 (4.72) |
128 (5.04) |
1٬441 (56٫73) |
| سقوط الثلج cm (inches) | 68 (26.8) |
64.6 (25.43) |
49 (19.3) |
17.5 (6.89) |
3.2 (1.26) |
0.1 (0.04) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2.8 (1.1) |
27.7 (10.91) |
54.5 (21.46) |
287٫4 (113٫15) |
| % Humidity | 82.6 | 80.8 | 79.8 | 77.4 | 76.6 | 76.6 | 74.6 | 76.7 | 78.3 | 78.6 | 81.4 | 81.6 | 78٫7 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.4 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 15.1 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 149٫5 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 9.3 | 9.2 | 7.6 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 9 | 45٫3 |
| Sunshine hours | 100 | 106 | 134 | 150 | 159 | 180 | 212 | 200 | 158 | 131 | 97 | 82 | 1٬710 |
| Source: MeteoSwiss [2] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
Its most famous native sons are the architect Le Corbusier, born here as Charles-Edouard Jeanneret in 1887 (his first independent project as an architect, the Villa Jeanneret-Perret, is open to the public), and Blaise Cendrars, novelist and poet, born as Frédéric Louis Sauser in 1887.
Other notable people born in La Chaux-de-Fonds include Armand Borel, a mathematician, Louis Léopold Robert, a painter, born in 1794, Paul Ditisheim, born in 1868, a famous watchmaker and inventor, Daniel Pauly, born in 1946, a renowned fisheries scientist.
More notable people
- Charles Antenen, (1929–2000), footballer
- Georges Antenen, (1903–1979), cyclist
- Pierre Aubert, (1927–2016), lawyer, politician and Bundesrat
- Blaise Cendrars, (1887–1961), poet and novelist
- Louis Chevrolet, (1878–1941), automobile manufacturer
- Theophil Christen, (1873–1920), mathematician, physician and economist, worked here as a doctor
- Le Corbusier, (1887–1965), architect, architectural theorist, city guide, painter, draftsman, sculptor and furniture designer
- Jean-Pierre Droz, (1746–1823), medalist and Minter
- Numa Droz, (1844–1899), politician and Bundesrat (FDP)
- Pierre Graber, (1908–2003), politician and Bundesrat (SP)
- Jules Humbert-Droz, (1891–1971), politician, Communist International, KPS, SP
- Pierre Jaquet-Droz, (1721–1790), mathematician, watchmaker and machine designer
- Lenin (1870–1924), lived in La Chaux-de-Fonds during his Swiss exile
- Daniel Pauly, (1946 – -), Fisheries scientist
- Nicole Petignat, (born 1966), Swiss footballer
- Georges Piroué, (1920–2005), writer
- Louis Léopold Robert, (1794–1835), painter
- Adrienne von Speyr, (1902–1967), doctor, mystic and spiritual writer
- Georges Schneider, (1925–1963), ski racer and world champion
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Watch companies
Many watch companies started in La Chaux de Fonds:
- Arnold & Son, in 1764
- Bouchet-Lassale SA, in 1978
- Corum
- Cyma Watches, 1862 – Schwob Frères and Co. 1892 – Cyma Watch Company
- Ebel, by Eugene Blum and Alice Levy, in 1911
- Eberhard & Co., by George-Emile Eberhard, in 1887
- Gallet & Co., by Julien Gallet, in 1826
- Girard-Perregaux, by Constantin Girard and Marie Perregaux, in 1856
- Heuer Leonidas, now TAG Heuer, by Edouard Heuer, in 1860
- Invicta Watch Group, by Raphael Picard, in 1837
- Marathon Watch Co. in 1904 – Founded as Weinsturm Watch
- Movado, by Achilles Ditesheim, in 1881
- Omega SA, in 1848
- Rolex trademark, registered by Hans Wilsdorf, in 1908. His company, Wilsdorf and Davis, London, was later renamed Rolex Watch Company, Geneva and Biel/Bienne
- Rotary, by Moise Dreyfuss, in 1895
- Solvil et Titus, by Paul Ditisheim, in 1892
- Venus by Paul Arthur Schwarz and Olga Etienne, in 1902
- Vulcain by Maurice Ditisheim, in 1858
Twin Town
La Chaux-de-Fonds is twinned with the town of Frameries, Belgium.[3]
Notes and references
- لا شو-دى-فون in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
- ^ "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) The weather station elevation is 1,018 meters above sea level. - ^ Conseil des Communes et Regions d'Europe[dead link] (بالفرنسية) accessed 27 April 2011
وصلات خارجية
- Watchmaking Heritage Day: Saturday 7 November 2009
- Official website of the City of La Chaux-de-Fonds
- La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle: Pictures Gallery
- لا شو-دى-فون in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- International watchmaking museum website
- The Art Nouveau season of events in the city