كاكوي تاناكا
Kakuei Tanaka (田中 角栄 or 田中 角榮, Tanaka Kakuei, 4 May 1918 – 16 December 1993) was a Japanese politician who served in the House of Representatives from 26 April 1947 to 24 January 1990, and as the 40th Prime Minister of Japan from 7 July 1972 to 9 December 1974 (his two terms being divided by the 1972 general election).
| Kakuei Tanaka 田中 角栄 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Portrait photo released on appointment of Prime Minister as Prime Minister | |
| رئيس وزراء اليابان رقم 40 | |
| في المنصب 7 July 1972 – 9 December 1974 | |
| العاهل | Shōwa |
| سبقه | Eisaku Satō |
| خلفه | Takeo Miki |
| Minister of International Trade and Industry | |
| في المنصب 5 July 1971 – 7 July 1972 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | Eisaku Satō |
| سبقه | Kiichi Miyazawa |
| خلفه | Yasuhiro Nakasone |
| Minister of Finance | |
| في المنصب 18 July 1962 – 3 June 1965 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | Hayato Ikeda Eisaku Satō |
| سبقه | Mikio Mizuta |
| خلفه | Takeo Fukuda |
| Minister of Posts and Telecommunications | |
| في المنصب 10 July 1957 – 12 June 1958 | |
| رئيس الوزراء | Nobusuke Kishi |
| سبقه | Taro Hirai |
| خلفه | Yutaka Terao |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | 4 مايو 1918 Nishiyama, Japan |
| توفي | 16 ديسمبر 1993 (aged 75) طوكيو، اليابان |
| الحزب | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1993) |
| انتماءات سياسية أخرى |
Democratic Party (1947–1950) Democratic Liberal Party (1950–1955) |
| الزوج | Hana Sakamoto |
| الأنجال | Masanori Tanaka (by Hana Sakamoto, died age 4) Makiko Tanaka (by Hana Sakamoto) Kyo Tanaka (by Tsujiwako) Hitoshi Tanaka (by Tsujiwako) Atsuko Sato (by Akiko Sato) |
| التوقيع | 
|
| Military career | |
| الولاء |  اليابان |
| الخدمة/ |  إمبراطورية اليابان |
| سنين الخدمة | 1939-1941 |
| الرتبة | Superior Private |
| المعارك/الحروب | Second Sino-Japanese War Second World War |
After a power struggle with Takeo Fukuda, he became the most influential member of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party from the mid-1960s until the mid-1980s. He was a central figure in several political scandals, culminating in the Lockheed bribery scandals of 1976 which led to his arrest and trial; he was found guilty by two lower courts, but his case remained open before the Supreme Court through his death. The scandals, coupled with a debilitating stroke he suffered in 1985, led to the collapse of his political faction, with most members regrouping under the leadership of Noboru Takeshita in 1987.[بحاجة لمصدر]
He was nicknamed Kaku-san[1] and was known as the "Shadow Shōgun" (闇将軍, Yami-shōgun).[2][3] His political-economic direction is called the construction state (土建国家, Doken Kokka).[4] He was strongly identified with the construction industry but never served as construction minister.[3] His daughter Makiko Tanaka and son-in-law Naoki Tanaka remain active political figures in Japan.
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رئيس الوزراء
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Although Satō wanted Fukuda to become the next prime minister, Tanaka's popularity, along with support from the factions of Yasuhiro Nakasone and Masayoshi Ōhira, gave him a 282–190 victory over Fukuda in the LDP's 1971 party president election. He entered the office with the highest popularity rating of any new premier in Japanese history.
السياسة الخارجية
One of Tanaka's most remembered achievements is normalizing Japanese relations with the People's Republic of China, which occurred around the same time as Richard Nixon's efforts to do the same for Chinese relations with the United States.[5] In 1972, Tanaka met with Chinese premier Zhou Enlai to discuss the normalization of relations between the two countries. Among other matters, they discussed the Senkaku Islands, which would later become a major point of contention between the two countries. Tanaka reportedly asked Zhou "What is your view on the Senkaku Islands? Some people say things about them to me," to which Zhou replied "I do not want to talk about it this time. If there wasn't oil, neither Taiwan nor the United States would make this an issue."[6] Just two months after taking office, Tanaka met Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong.[5]
During 1973 and 1974, Tanaka visited the United States, France, Britain, West Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. He appeared on the US television program Meet the Press to have a direct dialogue with Americans during his visit to the US in July/August 1973. His visit to Europe was the first visit by a Japanese prime minister since 1962, and his visit to the USSR was the first since 1956.[7]
His state visit to Indonesia as invited by President Soeharto to discuss Indo-Japanese trade relations was protested by a number of local anti-Japanese sentiments denying international investment, which occurred on 15 January 1974. Japanese-manufactured material and buildings were destroyed by Indonesian protesters. 11 people were dead, a further 300 were injured, and 775 protesters were arrested. As a result, the Soeharto regime dissolved the president's private counselor constitution and took control of the national security leadership. The incident henceforth became well known as the Malari Incident (Peristiwa Malari).
السياسة الاقتصادية
Upon taking office in 1972, Tanaka published an ambitious infrastructure plan for Japan which called for a new network of expressways and high-speed rail lines throughout the country. It was a plan that Tanaka once wrote in his book "Theory of Remodeling the Japanese Islands".He envisioned moving more economic functions to secondary cities with populations in the 300,000–400,000 range, and linking these cities to Tokyo, Osaka and other cores by high-speed rail, a revolutionary view at a time when only one Shinkansen line existed.[5]
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ "The World: Tanaka: Prisoner of 'Money Power'." Time. Monday August 9, 1976. Retrieved on August 29, 2010.
- ^ "Dark Day for the Shadow Shogun". Time. 1.
- ^ أ ب Sterngold, James (17 December 1993). "Kakuei Tanaka, 75, Ex-Premier and Political Force in Japan, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ McCormack, Gavan. "Koizumi's Kingdom of Illusion". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus.
Under Tanaka and his successors, "the doken kokka spread a web of power and corruption throughout the country....
- ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةikegami - ^ Ikeda, Takashi (26 November 2013). "Getting Senkaku History Right". The Diplomat. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ "Diplomatic Efforts Made by Japan: Prime Minister Tanaka's Visits to Various Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan). Retrieved 15 January 2014.
وصلات خارجية
- Tanaka biography, rcrinc.com; accessed 18 June 2015.
| مجلس نواب اليابان | ||
|---|---|---|
| منصب حديث | Chair, Committee on Commerce and Industry of the مجلس النواب الياباني 1955 |
تبعه Hiroshi Kanda |
| مناصب سياسية | ||
| سبقه Taro Hirai |
Minister of Posts and Telecommunications 1957–1958 |
تبعه Yutaka Terao |
| سبقه Mikio Mizuta |
Minister of Finance 1962–1965 |
تبعه Takeo Fukuda |
| سبقه Kiichi Miyazawa |
Minister of International Trade and Industry 1971–1972 |
تبعه Yasuhiro Nakasone |
| سبقه Eisaku Satō |
Prime Minister of Japan 1972–1974 |
تبعه Takeo Miki |
| مناصب حزبية | ||
| سبقه Takeo Fukuda |
Chair, Policy Research Committee of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan 1961–1962 |
تبعه Okinori Kaya |
| سبقه Takeo Miki |
Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan 1965–1966 |
تبعه Takeo Fukuda |
| سبقه Takeo Fukuda |
Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan 1968–1971 |
تبعه Shigeru Hori |
| سبقه Eisaku Satō |
President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan 1972–1974 |
تبعه Takeo Miki |