المعرفة

قائمة حائزي جائزة نوبل في الاقتصاد

جائزة نوبل التذكارية في العلوم الاقتصادية أو رسمياً جائزة سڤريگس ريكسبانكس في العلوم الاقتصادية على ذكرى ألفرد نوبل (بالسويدية:Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne) هي جائزة تمنح للإنجازات المتميزة في حقل العلوم اقتصاد، وتعتبر الجائزة الأكثر مستوى في هذا المجال. تعرف بشكل مختصر باسم جائزة نوبل في الاقتصاد، وهي ليست رسميا واحدة من الخمس جوائز المسماةجوائز نوبل (في مجالات الفيزياء، الكيمياء، الطب، الأدب، والسلام) والتي قام ألفرد نوبل بتأسيسها في عام 1895.

الإعلان عن جائزة نوبل في الاقتصاد لعام 2008

تم البدء بالعمل بجائزة نوبل للاقتصاد في عام 1968 في الذكرى 300 لتأسيس بنك السويد المركزي وهي ممولة من هذا البنك.

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الفائزون

السنة الفائز البلد السبب الجامعة الأم المؤسسة الإسهامات الرئيسية
1969   رينجر فريستش   النرويج           "لتطوير وتطبيق نماذج ديناميكية لتحليل العمليات الاقتصادية"/> جامعة أوسلو جامعة أوسلو Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem, Conjectural variation
  جان تنبرجن   هولندا جامعة لايدن جامعة إرازموس Econometrics, Policy instruments
1970   پول صمويلسون   الولايات المتحدة "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[1] Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Revealed preference, Samuelson condition, Social Welfare Function, Efficient-market hypothesis, Turnpike theory, Balassa–Samuelson effect, Stolper–Samuelson theorem, Overlapping generations model
1971    سيمون كوزنتس   الولايات المتحدة "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[2] Columbia University Harvard University Gross domestic product, Capital formation, Kuznets cycle, Kuznets curve
1972   جون هيكس   المملكة المتحدة   "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory."[3] University of Oxford University of Oxford IS–LM model, Hicksian demand function, substitution effect, income effect, Kaldor–Hicks efficiency
  كينيث أرو   الولايات المتحدة Columbia University Harvard University Fundamental theorems of welfare economics, Arrow's impossibility theorem, Arrow–Debreu model, Endogenous growth theory,
1973    فاسيلي ليونتييف   Soviet Union
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[4] University of Berlin Harvard University Input–output model, Leontief paradox
 1974   گونار ميردال   السويد  "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."[5] Stockholm University Stockholm University Circular cumulative causation
  فريدريك هايك   النمسا
  المملكة المتحدة 		University of Vienna London School of Economics, University of Chicago Austrian business cycle theory, Economic calculation problem, Spontaneous order, Information economics
1975   ليونيد كاتروڤتش   Soviet Union "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[6] Leningrad State University Novosibirsk State University Linear programming, Kantorovich theorem, Kantorovich inequality, Kantorovich metric
  تيالنگ كوپمانز   هولندا
  الولايات المتحدة 		University of Leiden University of Chicago, Yale University Linear programming
1976   ميلتون فريدمان   الولايات المتحدة "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy"[7] Columbia University University of Chicago Monetarism, Permanent income hypothesis, Natural rate of unemployment, Sequential analysis, Helicopter money, Great Contraction, Friedman rule, Friedman–Savage utility function, Friedman test
1977   برتيل اولن   السويد "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"[8] Stockholm University Stockholm School of Economics Heckscher–Ohlin model
  جيمس ميد   المملكة المتحدة University of Cambridge University of Cambridge Nominal income target
1978   هيربرت سيمون   الولايات المتحدة "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[9] University of Chicago Carnegie Mellon University Bounded rationality, satisficing, preferential attachment
 1979   ثيودور سكلتز   الولايات المتحدة  "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[10] University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Chicago Human Capital Theory
آرثر لويس   سانت لوشيا
  المملكة المتحدة 		London School of Economics Princeton University Lewis model, Lewis turning point
1980 لورنس كلين   الولايات المتحدة "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[11] Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Pennsylvania Macroeconomics forecasting
1981   جيمس توبن   الولايات المتحدة "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"[12] Harvard University Yale University Tobin tax, Tobit model, Tobin's q, Baumol–Tobin model
1982 جورج ستيگلر   الولايات المتحدة "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[13] University of Chicago University of Chicago Regulatory capture
1983   جيرار دوبرو   فرنسا "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"[14] École Normale Supérieure
University of Paris 		University of California, Berkeley Arrow–Debreu model, Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu theorem
1984 ريتشارد ستون   المملكة المتحدة "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"[15] University of Cambridge University of Cambridge National accounts
1985   فرانكو موديلياني   إيطاليا "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[16] The New School for Social Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Modigliani–Miller theorem, Life-cycle hypothesis
1986   جيمس بيوكانن   الولايات المتحدة "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[17] University of Chicago George Mason University Constitutional economics
1987   روبرت سولو   الولايات المتحدة "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"[18] Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Solow–Swan model
1988   موريس آليه   فرنسا "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[19] École Polytechnique École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, Paris Nanterre University OLG model, Allais paradox, Golden Rule savings rate
1989   تريگڤه هاڤلمو   النرويج "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[20] University of Oslo University of Oslo Balanced budget multiplier
1990 هاري مركويتس   الولايات المتحدة "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"[21] University of Chicago City University of New York Modern portfolio theory, Markowitz model, Efficient frontier
مرتون ميلر Johns Hopkins University Carnegie Mellon University, University of Chicago Modigliani–Miller theorem
  وليام شارپ University of California, Los Angeles Stanford University Sharpe Ratio, Binomial options pricing model, Returns-based style analysis
1991   رونالد كوس   المملكة المتحدة "for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"[22] London School of Economics University of Chicago, London School of Economics Transaction costs, Coase theorem, Coase conjecture
1992   گاري بكر   الولايات المتحدة "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour"[23] University of Chicago University of Chicago Human Capital Theory
1993   روبرت فوگل   الولايات المتحدة "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[24] Johns Hopkins University University of Chicago Cliometrics
  دوگلاس نورث University of California, Berkeley Washington University in St Louis
 1994 جون هارساني   المجر
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[25] Stanford University University of California, Berkeley Bayesian game, Preference utilitarianism, Equilibrium selection
  جون فوربس ناش   الولايات المتحدة Princeton University Princeton University Nash equilibrium, Nash embedding theorem, Nash functions, Nash–Moser theorem
  راينهارد سلتن   ألمانيا Goethe University Frankfurt University of Bonn Experimental economics
1995 روبرت لوكاس   الولايات المتحدة "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"[26] University of Chicago University of Chicago Rational expectations, Lucas critique, Lucas paradox, Lucas aggregate supply function, Uzawa–Lucas model
1996 جيمس ميرليس   المملكة المتحدة "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[27] University of Cambridge University of Oxford, University of Cambridge Optimal labor income taxation
وليام ڤيكري   كندا
  الولايات المتحدة 		Columbia University Columbia University Vickrey auction, Revenue equivalence, Congestion pricing
1997   روبرت مرتون   الولايات المتحدة "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives."[28] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Black–Scholes–Merton model, ICAPM, Merton's portfolio problem
  مايرون شولز   كندا
  الولايات المتحدة 		University of Chicago Massachusetts Institute of Technology Black–Scholes–Merton model
1998   أمارتيا سن   الهند "for his contributions to welfare economics"[29] University of Cambridge Harvard University, University of Cambridge Human development theory, Capability approach
1999   روبرت مندل   كندا "for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[30] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Columbia University Optimum currency area, Supply-side economics, Mundell–Fleming model, Mundell–Tobin effect
2000   جيمس هكمان   الولايات المتحدة "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"[31] Princeton University University of Chicago Heckman correction
  دانيال مكفادن   الولايات المتحدة "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"[31] University of Minnesota University of California Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Discrete choice models
2001   جورج أكرلوف   الولايات المتحدة "for their analyses of markets with information asymmetry"[32] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Georgetown University, University of California Berkeley Adverse selection (The Market for Lemons), Efficiency wage, Identity economics
  مايكل سپنس Harvard University Harvard University Signalling theory
  جوسف ستيگليتس Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University, Columbia University Screening theory, Henry George theorem, Shapiro–Stiglitz theory
2002   دانيال كانمان   إسرائيل
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[33] University of California, Berkeley Princeton University, University of British Columbia Behavioral economics, Prospect theory, loss aversion, cognitive biases
  ڤرنون سميث   الولايات المتحدة "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"[33] Harvard University University of Arizona Experimental economics, Combinatorial auction
2003   روبرت إنگل   الولايات المتحدة "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[34] Cornell University University of California, San Diego ARCH
  كلايڤ گرينجر   المملكة المتحدة "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[34] University of Nottingham University of California, San Diego Cointegration, Granger causality
2004   فين كيدلاند   النرويج "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles."[35] Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University RBC theory, Dynamic inconsistency in monetary policy
  إدوارد پرسكوت   الولايات المتحدة Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University, Arizona State University, University of Minnesota Hodrick-Prescott filter
2005   روبرت أومان   الولايات المتحدة
  إسرائيل 		"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[36] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hebrew University of Jerusalem Correlated equilibrium, Aumann's agreement theorem
  توماس شلنگ   الولايات المتحدة Harvard University Yale University, Harvard University Schelling point, Egonomics
2006   إدموند فلپس   الولايات المتحدة "for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"[37] Yale University Columbia University Golden Rule savings rate, Natural rate of unemployment, Statistical discrimination
2007   ليونيد هورويتس   پولندا
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[38] London School of Economics University of Minnesota, Iowa State University Mechanism design
  إريك مسكين   الولايات المتحدة Harvard University Harvard University
  روجر مايرسون Harvard University Northwestern University
2008   پول كروگمان   الولايات المتحدة "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[39] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University New trade theory, New Economic Geography, Home market effect
2009   إلينور اوستروم   الولايات المتحدة "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[40] University of California, Los Angeles Indiana University Institutional Analysis and Development framework
  اوليڤر وليامسون "for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"[40] Carnegie Mellon University University of Pennsylvania, University of California Berkeley New institutional economics
2010   پيتر دايموند   الولايات المتحدة "for their analysis of markets with search frictions"[41] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Diamond–Mirrlees efficiency theorem, Diamond coconut model
  ديل مورتنسن Carnegie Mellon University Northwestern University Matching theory
  كريستوفر پيساريدس   قبرص
  المملكة المتحدة 		London School of Economics London School of Economics Matching theory
2011   توماس سارجنت   الولايات المتحدة "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[42] Harvard University Hoover Institution, University of Minnesota Policy-ineffectiveness proposition
  كريستوفر سيمز Harvard University University of Minnesota Vector Autoregression in macroeconomics, Fiscal theory of the price level, Rational inattention
2012   ألڤين روث   الولايات المتحدة "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."[43] Stanford University Stanford University, Harvard University Stable marriage problem, Repugnancy costs
  لويد شاپلي Princeton University University of California, Los Angeles Shapley value, stochastic game, Potential game, Shapley–Shubik power index, Bondareva–Shapley theorem, Gale–Shapley algorithm, Shapley–Folkman lemma
2013   اوجين فاما   الولايات المتحدة "for their empirical analysis of asset prices."[44] University of Chicago University of Chicago Fama–French three-factor model, Weak, semi-strong, and strong efficient-market hypothesis
  لارس پيتر هانسن University of Minnesota University of Chicago Generalized method of moments
  روبرت ج. شيلر Massachusetts Institute of Technology Yale University Case–Shiller index, CAPE Index
2014   جان تيرول   فرنسا "for his analysis of market power and regulation".[45] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Toulouse School of Economics
École des hautes études en sciences sociales 		Markov perfect equilibrium, Two-sided market
2015   أنگوس ديتون   المملكة المتحدة
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".[46] University of Cambridge University of Bristol, Princeton University Almost ideal demand system, Pseudo panels, Household surveys in developing countries
2016   اوليڤر هارت   المملكة المتحدة
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for their contributions to contract theory".[47] Princeton University Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University Moral Hazard, Incomplete contracts
  بنگت هولمستروم   فنلندا Stanford University Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University Informativeness Principle
2017    ريتشارد ثلر   الولايات المتحدة "for his contributions to behavioural economics".[48] University of Rochester Cornell University, University of Chicago Nudge Theory, Mental Accounting, Choice Architecture
2018   وليام نوردهاوس   الولايات المتحدة         "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis"[49] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Yale University DICE model
  پول رومر "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis" University of Chicago New York University Incorporation of R&D to the Endogenous growth theory
2019   أبهيجيت بانرجي   الهند
  الولايات المتحدة 		"for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty"[50] Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Use of RCTs in development economics
  إستر دوفلو   فرنسا
  الولايات المتحدة 		Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  مايكل كرمر   الولايات المتحدة Harvard University Harvard University
2020   پول ميلگروم   الولايات المتحدة "من أجل إسهاماتهما في تحسين نظرية المزاد، واختراع تنسيقات جديدة للمزادات" جامعة ستانفورد جامعة ستانفورد نظرية المزاد
روبرت ويلسون   الولايات المتحدة جامعة هارڤرد جامعة ستانفورد
2021   ديڤد كارد   الولايات المتحدة
  كندا 		"لمساهماته التجريبية في اقتصاديات العمل"[51] جامعة پرنستون بركلي اقتصاد العمل
  جوشوا أنگرست   الولايات المتحدة
  إسرائيل 		"لمساهماتهما المنهجية في تحليل العلاقات السببية"[51] جامعة پرنستون معهد مساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا التجارب الطبيعية لتقدير الروابط السببية
  گويدو إمبنز   الولايات المتحدة
  هولندا 		جامعة براون جامعة ستانفورد


انظر أيضاً

المصادر

عامة
  • "All Laureates in Economics". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
متخصصة
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