المعرفة

قائمة الجماعات العرقية في أفريقيا

للمزيد من المعلومات: ديمغرافيا أفريقيا and لغات أفريقيا

الجماعات العرقية في أفريقيا تُعـَد بالآلاف، لكل منها عموماً لغتها (أو لهجتها) وثقافتها الخاصة. الجماعات العرقية اللغوية تضم شعوباً متعددة من الأفروآسيوية، الخويسان، النيجر-كونغو والنيلو-صحراوية.

الجماعات العرقية في أفريقيا
خريطة 1996 للجماعات العرقية اللغوية في أفريقيا، من قسم الجغرافيا والخرائط في (ومبنية إلى حد كبير على G.P. Murdock, Africa, its peoples and their cultural history, 1959). ومقسمة بالألوان إلى 15 مجموعة عرقية-لغوية كبرى، كما يلي:
الأفروآسيوية
     الحامية (الأمازيغ، الكوشية) + السامية (Ethiopian, العربية)
     Hausa (التشادية)
النيجر-كونغو
     بانتو
     "Guinean" (الڤولتا-نيجر, كوا, كرو)
     "Western Bantoid" (الأطلسية)
     "Central Bantoid" (Gur, Senufo)
     "Eastern Bantoid" (Southern Bantoid)
     ماندى
نيلو-صحراوية (unity debated)
     Nilotic
     Central Sudanic, السودانية الشرقية (بجانب النيلية)
     كانوري
     صونغاي
غيرهم
     Khoi-San (unity doubtful; Khoikhoi, San, Sandawe + Hadza)
     Malayo-Polynesian (Malagasy)
     الهندو-أوروپية (أفريكانر)

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استعراض

للمزيد من المعلومات: ديمغرافيا أفريقيا

The official population count of the various ethnic groups في Africa has في some instances been controversial because certain groups believe populations are blatantly misreported to give other ethnicities numerical superiority (as في the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba و Igbo people).[1][2][3]

الجماعات العرقية التالية هي التي يبلغ تعدادها 5 مليون نسمة أو أكثر:


وسط أفريقيا

القرن الأفريقي

شمال أفريقيا

جنوب شرق أفريقيا

أفريقيا الجنوبية

غرب أفريقيا

قائمة الشعوب الأفريقية

وسط أفريقيا

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Aka Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy Aka Central/Northern Western Central African Republic, Northwest Congo The Aka are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest
Baka Pygmy Baka Central/Northern Western Equatoria في South Sudan 0.25 There is also another ethnic group called Baka living across West Africa.
Banda Niger-Congo, Ubangian Banda language Chad Basin Central African Republic[9] 1.5
Chewa Niger–Congo, Bantu Chichewa Central/Southern بوتسوانا, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe 9
Chokwe Niger–Congo, Bantu Chokwe Central Angola, Congo (Kinshasa), Zambia 1.1
Efé Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy Efe Central/Northern Ituri Rainforest of Congo The Efe are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest
Gbaya Niger-Congo, Ubangian Gbaya language Chad Basin Central African Republic[9] 1.5
Kongo Niger–Congo, Bantu Kongo Central جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية, Angola, Republic of the Congo 10
Kanuri Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan Kanuri Chad Basin Nigeria,[4] Niger,[5] Cameroon,[7] Chad[6] 10
Lingala Niger–Congo, Bantu Lingala Central جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية, Republic of the Congo, Angola, Central African Republic
Luba Niger–Congo, Bantu Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga Central جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية 13
Kotoko Afro-Asiatic, Chadic Lagwan Chad Basin Cameroon, Chad < 1
Mbunda Niger–Congo, Bantu Mbúùnda, Chimbúùnda, Mpuono Central Angola, Zambia 0.5
Mbundu Niger–Congo, Bantu Kimbundu Central Angola 2.4
Moghamo Niger-Congo, Southern Bantoid Moghamo Central/West Cameroon 0.018
Mongo Niger–Congo, Bantu Mongo Central جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية 12
Ngamambo Niger-Congo, Southern Bantoid Ngamambo Central/West Cameroon 0.011
Ovimbundu Niger–Congo, Bantu Umbundu Central Angola 4.6
Sara Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic Sara Chad Basin Chad,[6] Cameroon,[10] Central African Republic[11] 3.5
Sua Nilo-Saharan, Pygmy Sua Central/Northern Ituri Rainforest of Congo The Sua are one of three groups of pygmies, collectively called BaMbuti, of the Ituri Rainforest
Zande Niger–Congo, Ubangian Zande Chad Basin South Sudan,[12] Central African Republic[9] 1-4
Zaghawa Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Saharan Zaghawa Chad Basin Chad, Sudan < 1

القرن الأفريقي

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Afar Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Afar القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا, Djibouti, Eritrea 2.5
Agaw Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Agaw القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا, Eritrea 1
Amhara Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Amharic القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا 24
Beja Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Beja القرن الأفريقي Sudan, Eritrea 2
Bilen Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Bilen القرن الأفريقي Eritrea 0.2
Gurage Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Gurage القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا 1.9
Oromo Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Oromo القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا, Sudan, Kenya 40
Rashaida Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Arabic القرن الأفريقي Eritrea, Sudan 0.2
Saho Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Saho القرن الأفريقي Eritrea, إثيوپيا 0.2
Sidama Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Sidama القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا 3
Somali Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic Somali القرن الأفريقي Somalia, إثيوپيا, Djibouti و Kenya 16-19
Tigrayan Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Tigrinya القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا 9
Tigre Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Tigre القرن الأفريقي Eritrea, Sudan 1.5
Tigrinya Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Tigrinya القرن الأفريقي Eritrea 3.4
Welayta Afro-Asiatic, Omotic Wolaytta القرن الأفريقي إثيوپيا 2


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شمال أفريقيا

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Baggara Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Sudanese Arabic Chad Basin Sudan, Chad 1
Berbers Afro-Asiatic, Berber Berber Maghreb Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Tunisia, Egypt 30+
Copts Afro-Asiatic, Egyptian Coptic Nile Valley Egypt, Sudan 40
Egyptians Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Egyptian Arabic Nile Valley Egypt 91
Fur[13] Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic Fur Nile Valley Sudan 1.0
Haratin Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Hassaniya Arabic Maghreb Mauritania, Morocco 2
Maghrebis Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Maghrebi Arabic Maghreb Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya 88
Moors Afro-Asiatic, Semitic Hassaniya Arabic Maghreb Mauritania, Morocco 2
Nubians Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic Nobiin Nile Valley Sudan, Egypt 1.0[13]
Tuareg Afro-Asiatic, Berber Tuareg Maghreb/Sahara Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso 1.2
Toubou Nilo-Saharan Tebu Tibesti Libya, Chad, Niger, Sudan 0.35
Zaghawa Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Saharan Zaghawa Chad Basin Chad, Sudan 0.2

جنوب شرق أفريقيا

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Alur Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Luo Alur East/Central Uganda, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
Anuak Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Luo Anuak Southeast/Horn South Sudan, إثيوپيا
Acholi Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Luo Acholi East Uganda, South Sudan
Banyoro Niger–Congo, Bantu Nyoro (Runyakitara) East Uganda 1.4
Chagga Niger-Congo, Bantu Bantu Kilimanjaro Tanzania 8
Dinka Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic Dinka Nile Valley South Sudan[12] 5
Ganda Niger–Congo, Bantu Ganda East Uganda 3
Langi Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Luo Lango East Uganda 2.2
Hutu Niger–Congo, Bantu Rwanda-Rundi East, Central Rwanda, Burundi, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية, Uganda 16
Kamba Niger–Congo, Bantu Kamba East Kenya
Kalenjin Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Highland Kalenjin East Kenya 3
Kikuyu Niger–Congo, Bantu Gikuyu East Kenya 5.3
Kwama Nilo-Saharan Kwama East/Horn South Sudan, إثيوپيا
Lugbara people Nilo-Saharan, Central Sudanic Lugbara East Uganda, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية 11
Luo Nilo-Saharan, Luo, River-Lake Luo East Kenya
Luhya Niger–Congo, Bantu Luhya East Kenya 5.4
Maasai Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Plains Maasai East Kenya, Tanzania 0.9
Makonde Niger–Congo, Bantu Makonde Southeast Tanzania, Mozambique 1.3
Ameru Niger–Congo, Bantu Meru East Kenya
Nuer Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic Nuer Nile Valley South Sudan[12] 3
Samburu Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic, Plains Samburu East Kenya 0.1
Shilluk Nilo-Saharan, Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic, Luo Shilluk Nile Valley South Sudan[12] 1.5
Swahili Niger-Congo, Bantu Swahili East Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique 0.1
Tutsi Niger–Congo, Bantu Rwanda-Rundi East, Central Rwanda, Burundi, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية, Uganda 3
Twa Pygmy Rundi, Kiga East, Central Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية 0.8

أفريقيا الجنوبية

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Afrikaner Indo-European Afrikaans South South Africa, Namibia 3.5
Ambo (Ovambo, Owambo) Niger–Congo, Bantu Ovambo South Namibia 0.9
Bembi Niger–Congo, Bantu Bemba South Zambia 5.0
Cape Coloured Indo-European Afrikaans South South Africa 4.7
Herero Niger–Congo, Bantu Herero South Namibia, بوتسوانا, Angola 0.2
Himba Niger–Congo, Bantu Otjihimbo (Herero dialect) South Namibia 0.05
Goffal Indo-European Zimbabwean English South Zimbabwe 0.03
Kalanga Niger–Congo, Bantu Shona South Zimbabwe 0.1
Khoikhoi Khoisan Khoekhoegowab South -
Lemba Niger-Congo, Bantu Venda South Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique 0.05
Makua Niger–Congo, Bantu Makua South/East Mozambique, Tanzania 1.1
Nambya Niger–Congo, Bantu Shona South Zimbabwe 0.1
North Ndebele Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni Sindebele South Zimbabwe 1.5
San Khoisan Khoisan South South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, بوتسوانا, Namibia, Angola 0.09
South Ndebele Niger–Congo, Bantu Southern Ndebele South South Africa 0.7
Shona Niger–Congo, Bantu Shona South Mozambique, Zimbabwe 10.6
Sotho Niger–Congo, Bantu Sotho South Lesotho, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Gwanda District) 5.3
Swazi Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni Swazi South Swaziland, South Africa, Mozambique 3.5
Tonga Niger–Congo, Bantu Shona South Zimbabwe, Zambia 2
Tsonga Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni Swazi South Swaziland, South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (Chiredzi و Mwenezi Districts) 5.5
Tswana Niger–Congo, Bantu Tswana South بوتسوانا, South Africa, Zimbabwe 4.5
Venda Niger–Congo, Bantu Venda South South Africa, Zimbabwe 1
Xhosa Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni Xhosa South South Africa 7.9
Yeyi Niger–Congo, Bantu Shiyeyi South Namibia, بوتسوانا, Angola 0.3
Zulu Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni Zulu South South Africa 10.6
Kalanga Niger-Congo, Bantu, Nguni kalanga language South بوتسوانا, Zimbabwe, بوتسوانا 1

غرب أفريقيا

الاسم العائلة اللغة المنطقة البلد التعداد (بالمليون) ملاحظات
Akan Niger–Congo, Kwa Akan West South Ghana, Ivory Coast 20 An ethnic group of related sub-groups. The largest subgroups are the Ashanti و the Fante
Aku (Creole) Aku West Gambia 0.01
Baka Niger Congo, Ubangian Baka West/Central Southeastern Cameroon, Northern Congo, Northern Gabon 0.3-0.4 The Baka are also known as Bebayaka, Bebayaga, or Bibaya, or (along with the other Mbenga peoples) the derogatory Babinga.
Bambara Niger–Congo, Mande Bambara West Mali 3
Basaa Niger–Congo, Bantu Basaa West Cameroon 0.2
Bassa Niger–Congo, Kru Bassa West Liberia 0.3
Beti-Pahuin Niger–Congo, Bantu Ewondo, Fang, Bulu West Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé و Príncipe 3.3 group of 20 sub-ethnicities
Biafada Niger–Congo Biafada West Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau 0.04
Mole-Dagbani Niger–Congo, Gur Dagbani West Ghana, Burkina Faso 8.6 Dagomba, Mamprusi, Nanumba, Mossi, Gurma
Dendi Niger–Congo Dendi West Benin 0.1
Edo (also called Bini, or Benin) Niger–Congo, Edo Edo West Nigeria 1.6
Efik Niger–Congo, Cross River Ibibio-Efik West Nigeria, Cameroon 0.9
Eket Niger–Congo, Cross River Eket (Ibibio dialect) West Nigeria, Cameroon 0.3
Esan Niger–Congo, Kwa Esan West Nigeria 0.5
Ewe Niger–Congo, Gbe Ewe West Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Volta Region (British Togoland), Togoland 4.8
Fon Niger–Congo Fon West Benin, Nigeria 3.5
Fulɓe Niger–Congo, Senegambian Pular/Fulfulde West Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Chad, Togo, Ivory Coast 20
Ga Niger–Congo, Kwa Ga, Ga-Adangme West Togo, Greater Accra 2
Gwari West Nigeria 1
Hausa Afro-Asiatic, Chadic Hausa West/Northern Nigeria, Niger, Ghana, Benin, Chad, Cameroon, Sudan 37
Igbo (Ibo) Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger Igbo West Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea 43[14] Includes various subgroups.
Ijaw Niger–Congo, Ijoid Ijaw West Nigeria 14[4] Sub-groups include Andoni, Ibani, Kalabari, Nembe, Ogbia و Okrika.
Jola Niger–Congo, Senegambian Jola, Kriol West Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau 0.5
Kanuri Nilo-Saharan, Western Saharan Kanuri Chad Basin Nigeria,[4] Niger,[5] Cameroon,[7] Chad[6] 10
Mandinka Niger–Congo, Mande Mandingo West/Central The Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, Chad 13
Mande South Niger–Congo, Mande Dan, Mano و Kpelle West Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, 3.5
Marka Niger–Congo, Mande Marka West/Northern Mali 0.4
Mende Niger–Congo, Mande Mende West Sierra Leone 2
Papel Niger–Congo Papel West Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau 0.1
Serer Niger–Congo, Senegambian Serer, Cangin West Found mostly في Senegal و The Gambia. Small number في Mauritania. Also found في the West. 1.9[15][16] The Serer people include: Serer-Sine, Serer-Safene, Serer-Ndut, Serer-Palor, Serer-Niominka, Serer-Laalaa, Serer-Noon. Apart from the Serer-Sine, they speak Cangin languages rather than Serer.
Songhai[5] Nilo-Saharan Songhai West Mali 5
Tiv Niger–Congo, Bantu Tiv West Nigeria, Cameroon 2
Urhobo Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger Urhobo, Isoko, Uvwie, Erhowa, Okpe West Nigeria 3-4 The Isoko People claim to be a distinct ethnic group.
Wolof Niger–Congo, Senegambian Wolof West Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania 4
Yoruba Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger Yoruba West Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast[17] Sierra Leone[18] 45
Zarma[5][19] Nilo-Saharan Zarma West Niger 5


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انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Onuah, Felix (29 December 2006). "Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  2. ^ Lewis, Peter (2007). Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, و Economic Change في Indonesia و Nigeria. University of Michigan Press. p. 132. ISBN 0-472-06980-2. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
  3. ^ Suberu, Rotimi T. (2001). Federalism و Ethnic Conflict في Nigeria. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 154. ISBN 1-929223-28-5. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث "The World Factbook: Nigeria". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "The World Factbook: Niger". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث "The World Factbook: Chad". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2013-12-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ أ ب ت Peter Austin, One Thousand Languages (2008), p. 75, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0520255607:"Kanuri is a major Saharan language spoken في the Lake Chad Basin في the Borno area of northeastern Nigeria, as well as في Niger, Cameroon, و Chad (where the variety is known as Kanembul[)]."
  8. ^ Sakr, Taha (16 May 2017). "North Sinai's second largest tribe al-Sawarka declares war against Sinai Province". Egypt Independent.
  9. ^ أ ب ت "The World Factbook: Central African Republic". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  10. ^ Stefan Goodwin, Africas Legacies Of Urbanization (2006),p. 191, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0739133489:"...and further west the even more numerous Sara [western Central African Republic, southern Chad, و northern Cameroon."
  11. ^ Peoples of Africa: Burkina Faso-Comoros - Volume 2 (2001), p. 86, https://books.google.com/books?isbn=076147160X:"The Central African Republic is a land of many different peoples... The Sara (SAHR) live في the grain-growing lands of the north as well as across the border في Chad."
  12. ^ أ ب ت ث "The World Factbook: South Sudan". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  13. ^ أ ب "The World Factbook: Sudan". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
  14. ^ Nigeria at CIA World Factbook: "Igbo 18%" out of a population of 177 million (2014 estimate)
  15. ^ Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie. في Senegal alone, estimated figure for 2007 is 1,840,712.1
  16. ^ Gambia keep poor records of its ethnic minorities. Estimated Gambian figure is 31,900 (2006) Ethnologue.com
  17. ^ Joshua Project. "Yoruba". United States Center for World Mission. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  18. ^ National African Language Resource Center. "Yoruba" (pdf). Indiana University. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  19. ^ "The World Factbook: Sudan". World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
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