رئيس المكسيك
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
رئيس الولايات المكسيكية المتحدة (إسپانية: Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos)[2] هو رئيس دولة وحكومة المكسيك. تبعاً للدستور، فرئيس المكسيك هو القائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة المكسيكية. الرئيس الحالي هو إنريكه پنيا نييتو، تولى المنصب في 1 ديسمبر 2012.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
متطلبات المنصب
الانتخابات الرئاسية
الرئيس=المنتخب
السلطات الرئاسية
قسم المنصب
الوشاح والعلم الرئاسي
الأمن الرئاسي
الخلافة
الرؤساء السابقون الأحياء
يوجد ست رؤساء سابقون على قيد الحياة. آخر رئيس سابق يفارق الحياة كان ميگل دلا مدريد (1982–1988)، في 1 أبريل 2012.[3]
لويس إتشڤريا
(1970–1976)
17 يناير 1922
كارلوس ساليناس دى گورتاري
(1988–1994)
3 أبريل 1948
إرنستو زديو
(1994–2000)
27 ديسمبر 1951
ڤيسنته فوكس
(2000–2006)
2 يوليو 1942
فليپى كالدرون
(2006–2012)
18 أغسطس 1962
إنريكى پنيا نييتو
(2012–2018)
20 يوليو 1966
.jpg)
Former presidents of Mexico continue to carry the title "President" until death but are rarely referred by it; they are commonly called ex-Presidents. They were also given protection by the former Estado Mayor Presidencial. Prior to 2018, former presidents also received a lifetime pension, though they could refuse it, as Ernesto Zedillo did. However, the pensions were abolished and terminated in 2018.[4]
Contrary to what happens in many other countries, former presidents of Mexico do not continue to be important national figures once out of office, and usually lead a discreet life. This is partly because they do not want to interfere with the government of the new president and partly because they may not have a good public image.[بحاجة لمصدر] This tradition can be traced back to the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas. Former president Plutarco Elías Calles had personally selected Cárdenas as his successor, and had hoped to control things from behind the scenes as he had for the previous five years. However, when Cárdenas showed he was going to rule in fact as well as in name, Calles publicly criticized him, prompting Cárdenas to have Calles escorted out of the country by military police.[بحاجة لمصدر] Cárdenas himself remained silent on the policies of his successor Manuel Ávila Camacho, establishing a tradition that former presidents do not interfere with their successors.
For example, Ernesto Zedillo holds important offices in the United Nations and in the private sector, but outside of Mexico. It is speculated he lives in a self-imposed exile to avoid the hatred of some of his fellow members of the PRI for having acknowledged the PRI's defeat in the 2000 presidential election.[بحاجة لمصدر] Carlos Salinas de Gortari also lived in a self-imposed exile in Ireland, but returned to Mexico. He campaigned intensely to have his brother, Raúl Salinas, freed after he was jailed in the early days of Zedillo's term, accused of drug trafficking and planning the assassination of José Francisco Ruiz Massieu. Carlos Salinas also wrote a book on neo-liberal Mexico, secured a position with the Dow Jones Company in the United States, and worked as a professor at several prestigious universities in that country. Ernesto Zedillo and Felipe Calderón two surviving former presidents living in the United States and teaching at the universities where studied Zedillo at Yale University and Calderón at Harvard University.
Along with Carlos Salinas de Gortari, three other surviving former presidents (Luis Echeverría, Vicente Fox, and Enrique Peña Nieto) still live in Mexico. On 30 June 2006, Echeverría was placed under house arrest under charges of genocide for his role as Secretary of the Interior during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.[5] The house arrest was lifted in 2009.
قائمة رؤساء المكسيك
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ At an exchange rate of 20.94 pesos to one dollar, approximately $9,960.40 per month; the salary after taxes is listed as MXN$142,256.56 (US$6,793.53)."Portal de Obligaciones de Transparencia". 17 August 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ Article 80, Constitution of Mexico. "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Camara de Diputados. p. 55. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Muere Miguel de la Madrid" [Miguel de la Madrid dies]. Animal Politico (in الإسبانية). 2 April 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
- ^ El Debate (14 September 2018). "Oficial: Eliminan pensión de ex-presidentes" (in الإسبانية). Debate. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
- ^ "Echeverría, bajo prisión preventiva domiciliaria – El Universal – México". El Universal. Retrieved 19 September 2012.