المعرفة

الإكونومست

(تم التحويل من ذي إيكونوميست)
For المهنة, see اقتصادي. For الاستخدامات الأخرى, see الإكونومست (توضيح).

الإكونومست The Economist، هي صحيفة أسبوعية باللغة الإنگليزية تملكها مجموعة الإكونومست وتحرر في مكاتب في لندن.[8][9][10] بدأ النشر المستمر للمجلة تحت رئاسة مؤسها جيمس ويلسون في سبتمبر 1843. لأسباب تاريخية، تفضل الإكونومست الإشارة لنفسها على أنها صحيفة، لكن في كل عدد مطبوع تظهر على ورقة خضراء لامعة مثل مجلة إخبارية. عام 2006، كان متوسط توزيعها 1.5 مليون نسخة، يباع نصفها تقريباً في الولايات المتحدة.[11]

الإكونومست
The Economist Logo.svg
The Economist Cover (Aug 1, 2020).jpg
Cover of the 1 August 2020 issue
النوعWeekly newspaper[1][2] (Friday)
الفورمة
المالكمجموعة الإكونومست
المؤسسجيمس ويلسون
المحررزاني مينتون بدوز
نائب المحررTom Standage
تأسستسبتمبر 1843; 180 years ago (1843-09
الانتماء السياسيالوسطية الراديكالية[3][4]
الليبرالية الاقتصادية[5][6]
الليبرالية الاجتماعية[5][6]
المقر الرئيسي1-11 John Adam Street
Westminster, London, England
الانتشار909,476 (print)
748,459 (digital)
1.6 million (combined) (as of July–December 2019[7])
الموقع الإلكترونيeconomist.com

دار النشر مجموعة الإكونومست تملكها عائلة روتشيلد للصرافة في إنگلترة (21%)،[12] وإكسور (43.4%)، الذراع المالي لعائلة أنييلي الإيطالية (صهرة عائلة روتشيلد) وموظفي الشركة. في السابق، كان مجلس الأوصياء يعين رئيس التحرير، الذي لا يمكن إقالته بدون إذنه. بالرغم من أن للإكونومست تركيز وتغطية عالمية، إلا أنه ما يقارب من ثلثي صحافييها البالغ عددهم 75 صحفي مقرهم في لندن.[13] في مارس 2014، أعلنت مجموعة الإكونومست أن أرباحها بلغت إلى 59 مليون جنيه إسترليني.[14] ومن كبار حاملي الأسهم بها شركة پيرسون.[15]

يُزعم أن الإكونومست "ليست تسجيل للأحداث الاقتصادية".[16] بدلاً من ذلك، فهي تهدف "إلى المشاركة في التنافس الحاد بين الذكاء، والذي يدفع للأمام، والجهل وعدم الجدارة، التي تعرقل تقدمنا".[17]

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التاريخ

 
الصفحة الأولى من الإكونومست، عدد 16 مايو 1846

The Economist was founded by the British businessman and banker James Wilson in 1843, to advance the repeal of the Corn Laws, a system of import tariffs.[18] A prospectus for the newspaper from 5 August 1843 enumerated thirteen areas of coverage that its editors wanted the publication to focus on:[19]

 
 
Scottish economist James Wilson founded the newspaper to "take part in a severe contest between intelligence ... and ... ignorance" Its first issue was published on 2 September 1843 as a broadsheet newspaper before transitioning into a perfect-bound weekly paper in 1971;[بحاجة لمصدر] the paper currently uses a stapled magazine format.
  1. Original leading articles, in which free-trade principles will be most rigidly applied to all the important questions of the day.
  2. Articles relating to some practical, commercial, agricultural, or foreign topic of passing interest, such as foreign treaties.
  3. An article on the elementary principles of political economy, applied to practical experience, covering the laws related to prices, wages, rent, exchange, revenue and taxes.
  4. Parliamentary reports, with particular focus on commerce, agriculture and free trade.
  5. Reports and accounts of popular movements advocating free trade.
  6. General news from the Court of St James's, the Metropolis, the Provinces, Scotland, and Ireland.
  7. Commercial topics such as changes in fiscal regulations, the state and prospects of the markets, imports and exports, foreign news, the state of the manufacturing districts, notices of important new mechanical improvements, shipping news, the money market, and the progress of railways and public companies.
  8. Agricultural topics, including the application of geology and chemistry; notices of new and improved implements, state of crops, markets, prices, foreign markets and prices converted into English money; from time to time, in some detail, the plans pursued in Belgium, Switzerland, and other well-cultivated countries.
  9. Colonial and foreign topics, including trade, produce, political and fiscal changes, and other matters, including exposés on the evils of restriction and protection, and the advantages of free intercourse and trade.
  10. Law reports, confined chiefly to areas important to commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture.
  11. Books, confined chiefly, but not so exclusively, to commerce, manufacturing, and agriculture, and including all treatises on political economy, finance, or taxation.
  12. A commercial gazette, with prices and statistics of the week.
  13. Correspondence and inquiries from the newspaper's readers.

Wilson described it as taking part in "a severe contest between intelligence, which presses forward, and an unworthy, timid ignorance obstructing our progress", a phrase which still appears on its imprint (US: masthead) as the publication's mission.[17] It has long been respected as "one of the most competent and subtle Western periodicals on public affairs".[20] It was cited by Karl Marx in his formulation of socialist theory because Marx felt the publication epitomised the interests of the bourgeoisie.[21] He wrote that "the London Economist, the European organ of the aristocracy of finance, described most strikingly the attitude of this class."[22] In 1915, revolutionary Vladimir Lenin referred to The Economist as a "journal that speaks for British millionaires".[23] Additionally, Lenin stated that The Economist held a "bourgeois-pacifist" position and supported peace out of fear of revolution.[24]


التنظيم

المساهمون

 
City of Westminster's Smithson Plaza, formerly known as The Economist Building,[25][26][27][28] served as the headquarters of the paper until 2017, on St James's Street.

Pearson plc held a 50% shareholding via The Financial Times Limited until August 2015. At that time, Pearson sold their share in the Economist. The Agnelli family's Exor paid £287m to raise their stake from 4.7% to 43.4% while the Economist paid £182m for the balance of 5.04m shares which will be distributed to current shareholders.[29] Aside from the Agnelli family, smaller shareholders in the company include Cadbury, Rothschild (21%), Schroder, Layton and other family interests as well as a number of staff and former staff shareholders.[29][30] A board of trustees formally appoints the editor, who cannot be removed without its permission. The Economist Newspaper Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Economist Group. Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild was chairman of the company from 1972 to 1989.

Although The Economist has a global emphasis and scope, about two-thirds of the 75 staff journalists are based in the London borough of Westminster.[31] However, due to half of all subscribers originating in the United States, The Economist has core editorial offices and substantial operations in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Washington D.C.[11][32]

رؤساء التحرير السابقين

 
والتر بيدجهوت، من أوائل رؤساء تحرير الإكونومست
 
Zanny Minton Beddoes was appointed editor in 2015, first joining as an emerging markets correspondent in 1994.

The editor-in-chief, commonly known simply as "the Editor", of The Economist is charged with formulating the paper's editorial policies and overseeing corporate operations. Since its 1843 founding, the editors have been:

  1. James Wilson: 1843–1857
  2. Richard Holt Hutton: 1857–1861[note 1]
  3. Walter Bagehot: 1861–1877[note 2]
  4. Daniel Conner Lathbury: 1877–1881[note 3] (jointly)
  5. Robert Harry Inglis Palgrave: 1877–1883 (jointly)
  6. Edward Johnstone: 1883–1907[33]
  7. Francis Wrigley Hirst: 1907–1916
  8. Hartley Withers: 1916–1921
  9. Sir Walter Layton: 1922–1938
  10. Geoffrey Crowther: 1938–1956
  11. Donald Tyerman: 1956–1965
  12. Sir Alastair Burnet: 1965–1974
  13. Andrew Knight: 1974–1986
  14. Rupert Pennant-Rea: 1986–1993
  15. Bill Emmott: 1993–2006
  16. John Micklethwait: 2006–2014[34]
  17. Zanny Minton Beddoes: 2015–present[35]

آراء

المقالة الرئيسية: الموقف التحريري للإكونومست
 
مبنى الإكونومست، شارع سانت جيمس، تصميم أليسون وپيتر سميثسون.

اللون والصوت

الكتابة باسم مجهول

التوزيع

الرسائل

الخصائص المميزة

 
Visualisation of the Big Mac Index


جوائز الإبداع

 
شعار جوائز الإبداع


جائزة الكتابة

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الرقابة

ملاحظات

  1. ^ The Concise Dictionary of National Biography makes him assistant editor 1858–1860.
  2. ^ He was Wilson's son-in-law.
  3. ^ A journalist and biographer

المصادر

  1. ^ "The Economist Is a Newspaper, Even Though It Doesn't Look Like One". Observer. 2 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  2. ^ Iber, Patrick (17 December 2019). "The World the Economist Made". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Is The Economist left- or right-wing?". The Economist. 2 September 2013. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  4. ^ "True Progressivism". The Economist. 13 October 2012. Archived from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  5. ^ أ ب Zevin, Alexander (20 December 2019). "Liberalism at Large — how The Economist gets it right and spectacularly wrong". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  6. ^ أ ب Mishra, Pankaj. "Liberalism According to The Economist". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  7. ^ "The Economist". Audit Bureau of Circulations. 2019. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Why does The Economist call itself a newspaper?". The Economist. 1 September 2013.
  9. ^ Locations. Economist Group. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
  10. ^ Maps. City of Westminster. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  11. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة gainsreaders
  12. ^ Brook, Stephen (25 February 2008). "Let the bad times roll". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  13. ^ "So what's the secret of 'The Economist'?". The Independent. London. 26 February 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  14. ^ "Results at a glance | Economist Group". www.economistgroup.com. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
  15. ^ "Pearson sells Financial Times with Economist next on the block". Business Sale Report. 26 July 2015.
  16. ^ "How our readers view The Economist". The Economist. Retrieved 27 December 2006.
  17. ^ أ ب "Opinion: leaders and letters to the Editor". The Economist. Retrieved 1 May 2011. خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صالح؛ الاسم "opinion" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة.
  18. ^ From the Corn Laws to Your Mailbox Archived 12 يونيو 2010 at the Wayback Machine, The MIT Press Log, 30 January 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
  19. ^ "Prospectus". The Economist. 5 August 1843. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2006.
  20. ^ Nathan Leites (1952). "The Politburo Through Western Eyes". World Politics. 4 (2): 159–185. doi:10.2307/2009044. JSTOR 2009044. S2CID 153594584.(يتطلب اشتراك)
  21. ^ McLellan, David (1 December 1973). Karl Marx: His Life and Thought (in الإنجليزية). Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-15514-9.
  22. ^ Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, VI (1852)
  23. ^ Zevin, Alex (12 November 2019). Liberalism at Large: The World According to the Economist. London: Verso Books. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-78168-624-9.
  24. ^ Lenin, Vladimir (1974). Bourgeois Philanthropists and Revolutionary Social-Democracy. Vol. 21. Moscow: Progress Publishers. pp. 192–193. Archived from the original on 24 November 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2020 – via Internet Marxists Archive. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) First published in Sotsial-Demokrat, No. 41, 1 May 1915.
  25. ^ "Smithson Plaza". tishmanspeyer.com. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  26. ^ "Smithson Plaza". smithson-plaza.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  27. ^ "Smithson Plaza - St James's Street SW1A 1HA". www.buildington.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  28. ^ "DSDHA". www.dsdha.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  29. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة West
  30. ^ "Agnellis, Rothschilds close in on Economist". POLITICO. 11 August 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  31. ^ Jones, Stephen Hugh (26 February 2006). "So what's the secret of 'The Economist'?". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  32. ^ "Locations of The Economist in the United States". www.economistgroup.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  33. ^ "economist150周年（1993） – 经济学人资料库 – ECO中文网 – Powered by Discuz! Archiver". Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  34. ^ Sweney, Mark (9 December 2014). "John Micklethwait leaving the Economist to join Bloomberg News". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  35. ^ "Zanny Minton Beddoes". World Economic Forum (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

قراءات إضافية

  • Edwards, Ruth Dudley (1993), The Pursuit of Reason: The Economist 1843–1993, London: Hamish Hamilton, ISBN 0-241-12939-7
  • Mark Tungate (2004). "The Economist". Media Monoliths. Kogan Page Publishers. pp. 194–206. ISBN 978-0-7494-4108-1.

وصلات خارجية

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