تشيهيرين
تشيهيرين (أوكرانية: Чигири́н؛ تـُنطق [tʃɪɦɪˈrɪn] ؛ Chyhyryn) هي مدينة وموقع تاريخي في رايون تشركاسي في أوبلاست تشركاسي في وسط أوكرانيا. From 1648 to 1669 the city was a Hetman residence. After a forced relocation of the Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan see from Kyiv in 1658, it became a full-fledged capital of the Cossack Hetmanate. Chyhyryn also became a traditional place for the appointment to the office of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host. It hosts the administration of Chyhyryn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 8٬664 (2021 est.)[2]
تشيهيرين
Чигирин Chyhyryn | |
|---|---|
 View of Chyhyryn. | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  تشيهيرين Location of Chyhyryn  تشيهيرين تشيهيرين (أوكرانيا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 49°04′38″N 32°38′57″E / 49.07722°N 32.64917°ECoordinates: 49°04′38″N 32°38′57″E / 49.07722°N 32.64917°E | |
| البلد |  أوكرانيا |
| الأوبلاست |  چركسي |
| الرايون | رايون تشركاسي |
| حقوق المدينة | 1592 |
| الحكومة | |
| • Mayor | Serhiy Oleksiiovych Tymchenko |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 14 كم² (5 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 124 m (407 ft) |
| التعداد (2021) | |
| • الإجمالي | 8٬664 |
| • الكثافة | 854/km2 (2٬210/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 20900-20906 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | +380 4730 |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
الأسماء
Chyhyryn (أوكرانية: Чигирин) or Chigirin (روسية: Чигири́н) پولندية: Czehryń, بالتركية: Çigirin أو Çehrin.
الموقع
The city is on the banks of Tiasmyn River and lies at an altitude of 124 metres above mean sea level. Minor industries, such as food and furniture factories, are the basis of the town economy in the 21st century.
التاريخ
The area (1320–1569) had been part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was ceded to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (in the Kijów Voivodeship [Kyiv or Kiev] of the Crown of Poland) before the Union of Lublin. It was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1592 by Sigismund III Vasa.
Chyhyryn is first mentioned as a fortified Cossack winter station. In 1638, Bohdan Khmelnytsky became its starosta (regional leader), and in 1648 it became the newly elected Hetman's residence and the capital of the Cossack state, the Zaporozhian Host. During the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) it was the center of two bloody campaigns (1675–76 and 1677–78). In 1678 the castle of Chyhyryn was blown up by the retreating Russian garrison that was stationed there, while the Turkish forces sacked the rest of the city. After this, it gradually lost its significance. It remained the center of the Chyhyryn regiment until 1712 and upon the final incorporation into the Russian Empire (1793) it became part of the Kyiv region.
In 1917 a congress of Free Cossacks took place in Chyhyryn. At that congress by tradition Pavlo Skoropadsky was elected as the Hetman of the Cossacks (later in 1918 in Kyiv, he was elected the Hetman of Ukraine as well).
During World War II, Chyhyryn was occupied by the German Army from August 7, 1941 to December 12, 1943.
In 1989 the population of the city was 12 853 people.[3]
Until 18 July 2020, Chyhyryn served as an administrative center of Chyhyryn Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four. The area of Chyhyryn Raion was merged into Cherkasy Raion.[4][5]
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ تشيهيرين (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -0.9 (30.4) |
-0.1 (31.8) |
5.5 (41.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.0 (68) |
13.0 (55.4) |
5.0 (41) |
0.4 (32.7) |
12٫9 (55٫2) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | -3.5 (25.7) |
-3.1 (26.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.4 (68.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
-2.1 (28.2) |
8٫8 (47٫8) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | -6.1 (21) |
-5.9 (21.4) |
-1.5 (29.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.1 (61) |
15.0 (59) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
-0.2 (31.6) |
-4.4 (24.1) |
4٫9 (40٫8) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 34.4 (1.354) |
32.9 (1.295) |
35.5 (1.398) |
36.7 (1.445) |
49.7 (1.957) |
77.1 (3.035) |
65.2 (2.567) |
54.2 (2.134) |
55.9 (2.201) |
42.1 (1.657) |
39.4 (1.551) |
37.0 (1.457) |
560٫1 (22٫051) |
| % Humidity | 83.5 | 80.8 | 76.6 | 66.9 | 63.2 | 68.0 | 68.0 | 66.4 | 71.9 | 76.9 | 84.0 | 85.1 | 74٫3 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 84٫3 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[6] | |||||||||||||
أبرز السكان
- Georgy Danilov، عالم لسانيات
المعالم
The Trinity Monastery, built near Chyhyryn in 1627, was later destroyed by the Soviet authorities. Other historical landmarks, such as the town hall and Khmelnytsky's palace, did not survive either. After Ukraine regained independence, Hetman's residence was restored and became a museum.
معرض صور
Main square of Chyhyryn
Entrance of the restored Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence
Bohdan Khmelnytskyi residence
St. Peter and St. Paul Church in Chyhyryn
A statue near the church
Taras Shevchenko monument in Chyhyryn
View on Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Museum
View of Chyhyryn from the city's Castle Hill
Bohdan Khmelnytskyi monument in Chyhyryn
العلاقات الدولية
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البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة
تشيهيرين متوأمة مع:
| المدينة | البلد | سنة التوقيع |
|---|---|---|
| سباستوپول، كاليفورنيا |  الولايات المتحدة
|
1993 |
المراجع
- ^ "Чигиринська територіальна громада" (in الأوكرانية). decentralization.gov.ua.
- ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in الأوكرانية). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
وصلات خارجية
- Chyhyryn in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Soviet topographic map 1:100,000
Media related to Chyhyryn at Wikimedia Commons
