هتمانية القوزاق
هتمانية القوزاق،The Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьманщина, Het’manshchyna) or Zaporizhian Host (Ukrainian: Військо Запорозьке, Viys’kо Zaporoz’kе) was the Ukrainian Cossack state[1] in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764. The Hetmanate was founded by Ukrainian hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657).
Zaporizhian Host | |
|---|---|
| 1649–1764 | |
 العلم
.svg) Coat of arms
| |
 الهتمانية في 1654 (على خلفية اوكرانيا المعاصرة). | |
| العاصمة | Chyhyryn، Baturyn، هليوخيف |
| اللغات الشائعة | الاوكرانية |
| الدين | الروم الأرثوذكس |
| الحكومة | ملكية-جمهورية |
| Hetman | |
• 1648-1657 (الأول) | بوهدان خملنيتسكي |
• 1750-1764 (الأخير) | Kyrylo Rozumovsky |
| التشريع | General Cossack Council Council of Officers |
| التاريخ | |
• Treaty of Zboriv | 1649 |
• Treaty of Bila Tserkva | 1651 |
• Treaty of Pereyaslav | 1654 |
• Treaty of Andrusovo | 1667 |
• Hetman post abolished | 1764 |
• انحلت | 1764 |
In 1654 it pledged its allegiance to Muscovy during the Council of Pereyaslav, while being a constituency of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later the documents of the treaty (articles) were rewritten numerous times for reorganization purposes at every election of the new hetman. A regional referendum concluded the fall of the region under the protection of the Russian monarchy that guaranteed sovereignty of the region in fight against the Polish Crown. The Treaty of Andrusovo of 1667, however, was conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate and concluded the borders between Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper. This division caused a civil war in Ukraine between various parties of Cossacks that lasted till the end of the 17th century. Already in December of 1662 the government of Russia established the Little Russian prikaz as part a department of the Polish prikaz.
In the 18th century the territory of the Hetmanate was limited to Left-bank Ukraine with its capital in Baturyn. Russian forces sacked Baturyn during the Great Northern War and redesignated the new hetman residence to Hlukhiv, while the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the autonomy of the Cossack state in 1764.[2] The Cossack Hetmanate was subsequently split between the Governments of Kiev and Malorossiya.
The Hetmanate consisted of the territory of modern-day central Ukraine and a small part of Russia (former Starodub region of Chernigov Governorate). Specifically, its territory included provinces of Chernihiv, Poltava, and Sumy (without the southeastern portion), the left-bank territories of Kiev and Cherkasy, as well as the western portion of Bryansk Oblast of Russia. The lands of the Zaporizhian Host had a certain degree of self-government with its own administration.
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الاسم
تاريخ
التأسيس
محمية موسكو
الخراب
عصر مازيپا
End of the Zaporozhian Host
الثقافة
التعليم
الدين
المجتمع
النبلاء
Noble girl
Noble lady
Noble lady
Nobleman
القوزاق
Cossack colonel
Cossack captain
Cossack secretary
Cossack private
رجال الدين
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سكان البلدة
City girl
City woman
Townsman
الفلاحون
Peasant girl
Peasant girl
Peasant woman
Peasant
الحكومة
الإدارة
قائمة الكتائب
| الكتيبة | الدرع | سنوات التشكيل | المصير | تشكيل آخر | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chyhyryn Regiment |  |
1625-1678 | 1704-1712 | ||
| Cherkasy Regiment |  |
1625-1686 | merged with Pereyaslav | ||
| Korsun Regiment |  |
1625-1712 | |||
| Bila Tserkva Regiment |  |
1625-1712 | |||
| Kaniv Regiment |  |
1625-1712 | |||
| Pereyaslav Regiment |  |
1625-1782 | |||
| Kiev Regiment |  |
1625-1782 | |||
| Myrhorod Regiment |  |
1625-1782 | |||
| Ovruch Regiment | |
1648-???? | |||
| Irkliyiv Regiment |  |
1648-1648 | merged with Kropyvna | 1658-1659 | |
| Sosnytsia Regiment | |
1648-1648 | merged with Chernihiv | 1663-1668 | merged with Chernihiv |
| Chornobyl Regiment | |
1648-1649 | 1651-1651 | ||
| Borzna Regiment |  |
1648-1649 | merged with Chernihiv | 1654-1655 | merged with Nizhyn |
| Zhyvotiv Regiment | |
1648-1649 | merged with Vinnytsia | ||
| Ichnya Regiment |  |
1648-1649 | merged with Pryluky | ||
| Hadiach Regiment |  |
1648-1649 | merged with Poltava | ||
| Zvyahel Regiment | |
1648-1649 | |||
| Ostropil Regiment | |
1648-1649 | 1657-1658 | ||
| Podillya Regiment | |
1648-1649 | 1657-1676 | ||
| Lyubartiv Regiment | |
1648-1649 | |||
| Lysyanka Regiment | |
1648-1657 | split among others | ||
| Bratslav Regiment |  |
1648-1667 | merged with Vinnytsia | 1685-1712 | |
| Vinnytsia Regiment |  |
1648-1667 | (Kalnyk) merged with Chechelnyk | ||
| Uman Regiment | |
1648-1675 | |||
| Pavoloch Regiment | |
1648-1675 | |||
| Poltava Regiment |  |
1648-1675 | |||
| Lubny Regiment |  |
1648-1781 | |||
| Nizhyn Regiment |  |
1648-1782 | |||
| Pryluky Regiment |  |
1648-1782 | |||
| Chernihiv Regiment |  |
1648-1782 | |||
| Kropyvna Regiment |  |
1649-1658 | split Lubny/Pereyaslav | ||
| Chechelnyk Regiment | |
1650-1673 | |||
| Novhorod Regiment | |
1653-1654 | merged with Nizhyn | 1668-1668 | merged with Starodub |
| Belarus Regiment | |
1654-1659 | |||
| Pinsk-Turov Regiment | |
1654-1659 | |||
| Starodub Regiment |  |
1654-1782 | |||
| Kremenchuk Regiment | |
1661-1666 | |||
| Hlukhiv Regiment |  |
1663-1665 | merged with Nizhyn | ||
| Zinkiv Regiment |  |
1671-1782 | name change to Hadiach | ||
| Fastiv Regiment | |
1684-1712 | merged with Bila Tserkva | ||
| Bohuslav Regiment |  |
1685-1712 |
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القيادة
First Little Russian Collegiate
Second Little Russian Collegiate
انظر أيضا
الهوامش
المصادر
- Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0830-5.
وصلات خارجية
- Okinshevych, L. "Hetman state". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - "The Left-Bank Hetmanate". Missiono of Ukraine to European Communities. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
- "Cossack State after 1649 (map)". sumy.net.ua. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
- Stephen Velychenko, "the battle of poltava and the decline of cossack ukraine in light of russian and english methods of rule in their borderlands 1707-1914." http://historians.in.ua/index.php/doslidzhennya/326-stephen-velychenko-the-battle-of-poltava-and-the-decline-of-cossack-ukraine-in-light-of-russian-and-english-methods-of-rule-in-their-borderlands-1707-1914