إزالة الغابات

ازالة الغابات هي تحويل مناطق الغابات إلى أرض زراعية أو للتوسع في العمران أو للاستفاده من خشب الغابات، وتؤمن الغابات السكن الملائم لكم هائل من مختلف أنواع النباتات والحيوانات والحشرات وباقي الكائنات الحيه وتؤدي ازالتها الي دمار بيئه هذه الكائنات، كم ان الغابات تساهم في الحد من ظاهره الاحتباس الحراري وقطعها يؤدي الي تفاقم المشكلة، وفي بيان صدر حديثا عن منظمة الأغذية والزراعة التابعة للأمم المتحدة فاو أفاد أن 25 في المائة من غاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون المنبعث في الجو من صنع الإنسان يعود إلى ظاهرة ازالة الغابات التي تختزن 283 مليار طن من الكربون أكد البيان كذلك على أن تدمير الغابات يضيف نحو ملياري طن أخرى من الكربون إلى الغلاف الجوي سنويا.

صورة عن ازالة غابات من ناسا

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مشاكل بيئية

الغلاف الجوي

Illegal slash and burn practice in Madagascar, 2010

التربة

Deforestation for the use of clay in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. The hill depicted is Morro da Covanca, in Jacarepaguá

التنوع الحيوي

الوقع الاقتصادي

Forest transition theory

The forest transition and historical baselines.^[1]

الأسباب التاريخية

قبل التاريخ

An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools.

التاريخ قبل الصناعي

العصر الصناعي

معدلات ازالة الغابات

Satellite image of Haiti's border with the Dominican Republic (right) shows the amount of deforestation on the Haitian side

Deforestation around Pakke Tiger Reserve, India

المناطق

Rates of deforestation vary around the world.

In 2011 Conservation International listed the top 10 most endangered forests, characterized by having all lost 90% or more of their original habitat, and each harboring at least 1500 endemic plant species (species found nowhere else in the world).^[2]

**Top 10 Most Endangered Forests 2011**
Endangered forest	Region	Remaining habitat	Predominate vegetation type	Notes
Indo-Burma	Asia-Pacific	5%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Rivers, floodplain wetlands, mangrove forests. Burma, تايلند, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, India.^[3]
New Caledonia	Asia-Pacific	5%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	See note for region covered.^[4]
Sundaland	Asia-Pacific	7%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Western half of the Indo-Malayan archipelago including southern Borneo and Sumatra.^[5]
Philippines	Asia-Pacific	7%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Forests over the entire country including 7,100 islands.^[6]
Atlantic Forest	South America	8%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Forests along Brazil's Atlantic coast, extends to parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.^[7]
Mountains of Southwest China	Asia-Pacific	8%	Temperate coniferous forest	See note for region covered.^[8]
California Floristic Province	North America	10%	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	See note for region covered.^[9]
Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa	Africa	10%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia.^[10]
Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands	Africa	10%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, Comoros.^[11]
Eastern Afromontane	Africa	11%	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Montane grasslands and shrublands	Forests scattered along the eastern edge of Africa, from Saudi Arabia in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.^[12]

Table source:^[2]

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السيطرة

تقليل الانبعاثات

Forest management

Sustainable practices

Bamboo is advocated as a more sustainable alternative for cutting down wood for fuel.^[13]

اعادة الغابات

السياق العسكري

American Sherman tanks knocked out by Japanese artillery on Okinawa.

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

الهامش

^ "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report" (PDF). The Government of Norway. 28 March 2010. p. 16.
^ ^أ ^ب The World's 10 Most Threatened Forest Hotspots, Conservation International, February 2, 2011.
^ Indo-Burma, Conservation International.
^ New Caledonia, Conservation International.
^ Sundaland, Conservation International.
^ Philippines, Conservation International.
^ Atlantic Forest, Conservation International.
^ Mountains of Southwest China, Conservation International.
^ California Floristic Province, Conservation International.
^ Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa, Conservation International.
^ Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands, Conservation International.
^ Eastern Afromontane, Conservation International.
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة bamboo

مراجع عامة

BBC 2005 TV series on the history of geological factors shaping human history (name?)
A Natural History of Europe – 2005 co-production including BBC and ZDF
Whitney, Gordon G. (1996). From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain : A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America from 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57658-X
Williams, Michael. (2003). Deforesting the Earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-89926-8
Wunder, Sven. (2000). The Economics of Deforestation: The Example of Ecuador. Macmillan Press, London. ISBN 0-333-73146-8
FAO&CIFOR report: Forests and Floods: Drowning in Fiction or Thriving on Facts?
Fenical, William (1983). "Marine Plants: A Unique and Unexplored Resource". Plants: the potentials for extracting protein, medicines, and other useful chemicals (workshop proceedings). DIANE Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 1-4289-2397-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Ethiopia deforestation references

Parry, J. (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved November 22, 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).
Hillstrom, K & Hillstrom, C. (2003). Africa and the Middle east. A continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Santabarbara, CA: ABC CLIO.
Williams, M. (2006). Deforesting the earth: From prehistory to global crisis: An Abridgment. Chicago: The university of Chicago Press.
Mccann. J.C. (1990). A Great Agrarian cycle? Productivity in Highland Ethiopia, 1900 To 1987. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xx: 3,389–416. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from JSTOR database.

وصلات خارجية

Our disappearing forests – Greenpeace China
EIA forest reports: Investigations into illegal logging.
EIA in the USA Reports and info.
Cocaine destroys 4 m2 of rainforest per gram The Guardian
"Avoided Deforestation" Plan Gains Support – Worldwatch Institute
OneWorld Tropical Forests Guide
Some Background Info to Deforestation and REDD+
General info on deforestation effects

In the media

March 14, 2007, Independent Online: Destruction of forests in developing world 'out of control'

Films online

Watch the National Film Board of Canada documentaries Battle for the Trees & Forest in Crisis
Video on Illegal Deforestation In Paraguay

قالب:Deforestation

[1] "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report" (PDF). The Government of Norway. 28 March 2010. p. 16.

[ci2011-2] أ ^ب The World's 10 Most Threatened Forest Hotspots, Conservation International, February 2, 2011.

[3] Indo-Burma, Conservation International.

[4] New Caledonia, Conservation International.

[5] Sundaland, Conservation International.

[6] Philippines, Conservation International.

[7] Atlantic Forest, Conservation International.

[8] Mountains of Southwest China, Conservation International.

[9] California Floristic Province, Conservation International.

[10] Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa, Conservation International.

[11] Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands, Conservation International.

[12] Eastern Afromontane, Conservation International.

[bamboo-13] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة bamboo

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