أوتو ڤلاخ

اوتو ڤلاخ
Otto Wallach
اوتو ڤلاخ; Otto Wallach
وُلِدَ	27 مارس 1847; Königsberg, پروسيا
توفي	26 فبراير 1931 (aged 83); گوتنگن, ألمانيا
القومية	پروسيا / الإمبراطورية الألمانية
المدرسة الأم	جامعة گوتنگن
عـُرِف بـ	Alicyclic compounds; Wallach degradation; Wallach rearrangement; Wallach's rule; Leuckart–Wallach reaction
الجوائز	Davy Medal (1912); جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء (1910) ; Cothenius Medal (1889)
	السيرة العلمية
المجالات	كمياء عضوية
الهيئات	جامعة گوتنگن, ; جامعة بون
المشرف على الدكتوراه	August Wilhelm von Hofmann, ; Friedrich Wöhler، Friedrich Kekulé
طلاب الدكتوراه	Walter Haworth، Edgar Bright Wilson، Adolf Sieverts

أوتو ڤلاخ Otto Wallach (و. 27 مارس 1847 - ت. 26 فبراير 1931 في گوتنگن)، هو كيميائي ألماني حصل على جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء لأعماله على المركب أليفاتي حلقي. حصل على دكتوراه من جامعة جوتنجن سنة 1869 وعمل كمحاضر في جامعة بون بين 1870 و 1898 وبعدها في جامعة جوتنجن بين 1898 و 1915. هو وراء تسمية تيربين وبينين. حصل على وسام دايفي سنة 1912.

السيرة

أوتو فلاخ، في ع1880

Wallach was born in Königsberg, the son of a Prussian civil servant. His father, Gerhard Wallach, descended from a Jewish family that had converted to Lutheranism. His mother, Otillie (Thoma),^[1] was an ethnic German of Protestant religion. Wallach's father was transferred to Stettin (Szczecin) and later to Potsdam. Otto Wallach went to school, a Gymnasium, in Potsdam, where he learned about literature and the history of art, two subjects he was interested his whole life. At this time he also started private chemical experiments at the house of his parents.

In 1867 he started studying chemistry at the University of Göttingen, where at this time Friedrich Wöhler was head of organic chemistry. After one semester at the University of Berlin with August Wilhelm von Hofmann, Wallach received his Doctoral degree from the University of Göttingen in 1869,^[2] and worked as a professor in the University of Bonn (1870–89) and the University of Göttingen (1889–1915). Two of his doctoral students were Adolf Sieverts and Walter Haworth.^[3] Wallach died at Göttingen. In 1912, he was awarded the Davy Medal.

قبر أوتو ڤلاخ في گوتنگن

He died on 26 February 1931, and was buried في گوتنگن.

الأعمال الرئيسية

During his work with Friedrich Kekulé in Bonn he started a systematic analysis of the terpenes present in essential oils. Up to this time only a few had been isolated in pure form, and structural information was sparse. Melting point comparison and the measurement of mixtures was one of the methods to confirm identical substances. For this method the mostly liquid terpenes had to be transformed into crystalline compounds. With stepwise derivatisation, especially additions to the double bond present in some of the terpenes, he achieved the goal of obtaining crystalline compounds. The investigation of the rearrangement reactions of cyclic unsaturated terpenes made it possible to obtain the structure of an unknown terpene by following the rearrangement to a known structure of a terpene. With these principal methods he opened the path to systematic research on terpenes.

He was responsible for naming terpene and pinene, and for undertaking the first systematic study of pinene.

He wrote a book about the chemistry of terpenes, "Terpene und Campher" (1909).^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Otto Wallach is known for Wallach's rule, Wallach degradation, the Leuckart-Wallach reaction (which he developed along with Rudolf Leuckart) and the Wallach rearrangement.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Works

Tabellen zur chemischen Analyse. Weber, Bonn 1880. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.
- 1. Verhalten der Elemente und ihrer Verbindungen. 1880
- 2. Methoden zur Auffindung und Trennung der Elemente. 2. Aufl. von "Hülfstabellen für den chemisch-analytischen Unterricht" 1880
Terpene und Campher : Zusammenfassung eigener Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiet der alicyclischen Kohlenstoffverbindungen. 2. Aufl. Leipzig : von Veit, 1914. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.

References

^ Frank Northen Magill (1990). 1901–1937. Salem Press. ISBN 978-0-89356-562-6.
^ Otto Wallach (1869). Über vom Toluol abgeleitete neue isomere Verbindungen: Inaug. Diss. E. A. Huth.
^ "Chemistry Tree - Otto Wallach". academictree.org. Retrieved 2019-03-23.

المصادر

ويكيبيديا العربية
Leopold Ruzicka (1932). "Third Pedler lecture. The life and work of Otto Wallach". J. Chem. Soc.: 1582. doi:10.1039/JR9320001582.

Carolyn Pratt Brock, W. Bernd Schweizer, and Jack D. Dunitz (1991). "On the validity of Wallach's rule: on the density and stability of racemic crystals compared with their chiral counterparts" (^{[dead link]} - ^{Scholar search}). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (26): 9811. doi:10.1021/ja00026a015. {{cite journal}}: External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

وصلات خارجية

Nobel Lecture Alicyclic Compounds from Nobelprize.org website
Biography Biography from Nobelprize.org website
Otto Wallach at the NNDB website.

الكلمات الدالة:

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[Magill1990-1] Frank Northen Magill (1990). 1901–1937. Salem Press. ISBN 978-0-89356-562-6.

[Wallach1869-2] Otto Wallach (1869). Über vom Toluol abgeleitete neue isomere Verbindungen: Inaug. Diss. E. A. Huth.

[3] "Chemistry Tree - Otto Wallach". academictree.org. Retrieved 2019-03-23.

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