المعرفة

أريهانت، طراز غواصات

The Arihant class (Sanskrit, for Slayer of Enemies) is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being built for the Indian Navy. They were developed under the US$2.9 billion Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project to design and build nuclear-powered submarines.

Arihant submarine.jpg
INS Arihant during sea trials in 2014
معلومات الطراز
Name: أريهانت Arihant
Builders: Navy Shipbuilding Centre, Visakhapatnam[1]
Operators:  الهند
Cost: ₹4٬000 crore (500 مليون US$) per submarine[2]
In commission: 2016
Building: 3[3]
Active: 1[4]
السمات العامة
النوع: Nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine
الازاحة: 6,000 tonnes (5,900 long tons; 6,600 short tons) surfaced[5]
الطول: 112 m (367 ft)[5]
العارضة: 11 m (36 ft)
الغاطس: 10 m (33 ft)
قدرة التركيب:
الدفع:
السرعة:
  • Surfaced: 12–15 knots (22–28 km/h)
  • Submerged: 24 knots (44 km/h)
المدى: unlimited except by food supplies
العمق الاختباري: 300 m (980 ft)
المرافقون: 95
المجسات
وأنظمة المعالجة:		 USHUS sonar
التسليح:

Missiles: 12 × K15 SLBM (750–1900 km or 405–1026 mi range) or 4 × K-4 SLBM (3500 km or 1890 mi range)[6]

Torpedoes: 6 × 21" (533 mm) torpedo tubes – est 30 charges (torpedoes, cruise missiles or mines)[7]

The lead vessel of the class, INS Arihant was launched in 2009 and after extensive sea trials, was confirmed to be commissioned in August 2016.[8][9][10] Arihant is the first ballistic missile submarine to have been built by a country other than one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[11]

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History

In December 1971, during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the US President Richard Nixon sent a carrier battle group named Task Force 74, led by the nuclear-powered يوإس‌إس Enterprise into the Bay of Bengal in an attempt to intimidate India.[12][13] In response, the Soviet Union sent a submarine armed with nuclear missiles from Vladivostok to trail the US task force.[14] The event demonstrated the significance of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile submarines to then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[15] Following the 1974 Smiling Buddha nuclear test, the Director of Marine Engineering (DME) at Naval Headquarters initiated a technical feasibility study for an indigenous nuclear propulsion system (Project 932).[16]


Description

The Arihant-class submarines are nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project.[17][18][19][20][21][22] They will be the first nuclear submarines designed and built by India.[23] The submarines are 112 m (367 ft) long with a beam of 11 m (36 ft), a draught of 10 m (33 ft), displacement of 6,000 tonnes (5,900 long tons; 6,600 short tons) and a diving depth of 300 m (980 ft). The complement is about 95, including officers and sailors.[24] The boats are powered by a single seven blade propeller powered by an 83 MW (111,000 hp) pressurised water reactor and can achieve a maximum speed of 12–15 knots (22–28 km/h) when surfaced and 24 knots (44 km/h) when submerged.[24]

 
أريهانت



سفن الطراز

 
رسم مفهومي لـ INS أريهانت


الاسم Pennant Laid down الإطلاق التجارب البحرية التصريح الوضع
الأسطول الأول
INS Arihant S 73[بحاجة لمصدر] / S2[25][26] 1997[27] 26 July 2009 13 December 2014 [28] August 2016 In service[9]
الأسطول الثاني
آي‌إن‌إس Arighat S3[8][2] 2010[27] 19 November 2017[29][30] Late Nov 2017[2] Late 2018[27] Outfitting[6][31][27]
tbd S4[25] Late 2018[29] Under construction[32]
tbd S4*[25] Under construction

Timeline

Date Event
19 May 1998 Confirmation of ATV project by the then Defence Minister George Fernandes
11 November 2003 Prototype nuclear reactor becomes critical
22 September 2006 Nuclear reactor is declared operational
26 July 2009 Lead vessel of the class, آي‌إن‌إس Arihant is formally launched
10 August 2013 Arihant's on-board nuclear reactor attains criticality
13 December 2014 INS Arihant begins extensive sea & weapons trials
25 November 2015 INS Arihant successfully test-fired dummy B5 missile
31 March 2016 INS Arihant successfully test-fired K4 missile
August 2016 INS Arihant commissioned.[8]
19 Nov 2017 INS Arighat launched[2]
Early 2018 INS Arighat to begin sea trials[27]
2019 INS Arighat to be delivered.[8][27]

See also

== المراجع ==

  1. ^ "Contract worker killed in accident at navy ship building centre". The Hindu. 8 مارس 2014. Archived from the original on 14 مارس 2014. Retrieved 17 مارس 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث "A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines". India Today. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Why India needs submarines". The Diplomat. مايو 2016. Archived from the original on 17 مايو 2016. Retrieved 17 مايو 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Now, India has a nuclear triad". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 سبتمبر 2015. Retrieved 17 أكتوبر 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ أ ب "India reaches milestone with launch of n-powered submarine". DNA. 26 يوليو 2007. Archived from the original on 13 يونيو 2016. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة toi-ntriad
  7. ^ Pike, John (27 يوليو 2009). "Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 29 أغسطس 2011. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :2
  9. ^ أ ب Ashish Singh (17 أكتوبر 2016). "What is INS Arihant?". NewsX. Archived from the original on 27 أكتوبر 2016. Retrieved 30 أكتوبر 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "India's first nuclear submarine INS Arihant ready or operations, passes deep sea tests". The Economic Times. 23 فبراير 2016. Archived from the original on 24 فبراير 2016. Retrieved 23 فبراير 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Marcus, Jonathan (10 أغسطس 2013). "Indian-built Arihant nuclear submarine activated". BBC. Archived from the original on 12 أكتوبر 2013. Retrieved 12 أكتوبر 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "1971 War: How Russia sank Nixon's gunboat diplomacy". in.rbth.com. Archived from the original on 13 يونيو 2016. Retrieved 29 أبريل 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "US Fleet in Bay of Bengal: A game of deception". The Daily Star. 15 ديسمبر 2013. Archived from the original on 4 مايو 2016. Retrieved 29 أبريل 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Krishnan Simha, Rakesh (20 December 2011). "US-Soviet Actions in 1971 Indo-Pakistani War". indrus.in. Indrus.in. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  15. ^ "Arihant: the annihilator". Indian Defence Review. 25 أكتوبر 2010. Archived from the original on 13 يونيو 2016. Retrieved 8 يناير 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Das, Premvir (30 يوليو 2009). "Project 932". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 10 مايو 2013. Retrieved 24 أبريل 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Indian indigenous nuclear sub to be unveiled on 26 July: report". domain-b.com. 16 يوليو 2009. Archived from the original on 21 سبتمبر 2011. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "India nuclear sub project near completion". Reuters. 12 فبراير 2009. Archived from the original on 13 يونيو 2016. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "PM to launch indigenous nuke submarine by month-end". MSN. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  20. ^ "Indigenous nuclear submarine goes on trial". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 يوليو 2009. Archived from the original on 22 يوليو 2009. Retrieved 19 يوليو 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Sud, Hari (14 أغسطس 2009). "India's nuclear submarine and the Indian Ocean". upiasia.com. Archived from the original on 28 يوليو 2011. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "India's nuclear submarine dream, still miles to go". Reuters. 31 يوليو 2009. Archived from the original on 25 مايو 2011. Retrieved 24 يناير 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Final test of K-15 ballistic missile on Tuesday". 25 فبراير 2008. Archived from the original on 21 سبتمبر 2012. Retrieved 24 يناير 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة navaltech
  25. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :1
  26. ^ "INS Arihant may be of limited utility". The Hindu (in الإنجليزية). 20 ديسمبر 2014. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 21 ديسمبر 2014. Retrieved 9 أبريل 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Pubby, Manu (24 أغسطس 2017). "Exclusive: 'Aridaman', India's second nuclear-armed submarine, is ready for launch". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 25 أغسطس 2017. Retrieved 24 أغسطس 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "INS Arihant sails out of harbor". The Hindu. 13 ديسمبر 2014. Archived from the original on 17 يناير 2016. Retrieved 22 ديسمبر 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ أ ب "A bigger nuclear submarine is coming". The Hindu. 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2017-10-15.
  30. ^ "India quietly launches second SSBN | Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
  31. ^ "Second nuclear submarine under construction". IBN (in Hindi). 23 مايو 2011. Archived from the original on 15 أبريل 2015. Retrieved 17 مارس 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ^ "Maiden Test of Undersea K-4 Missile From Arihant Submarine". The New Indian Express. 9 أبريل 2016. Archived from the original on 13 يونيو 2016. Retrieved 1 يونيو 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Ship classes of the Indian Navy قالب:SSBN classes in service قالب:Submarines of Indian Navy

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