وانگ مانگ

وانگ مانگ
وانگ مانگ
الصينية	王莽
Hanyu Pinyin
النسخ
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Wáng Mǎng
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Wang Maang
Wade–Giles	Wang2 Mang3
IPA	[wɑ̌ŋ mɑ̀ŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Wòhng Móhng
Jyutping	Wong4 Mong5
Southern Min
Tâi-lô	Ông Báng

العهد والتواريخ
	Shi-jian-guo 始建國 (9–13); Tian-feng 天鳳 (14–19); Di-huang 地皇 (20–23)
الاسم بعد الممات
	لا يوجد
اسم المعبد
	لا يوجد

وانگ مانگ
وانگ مانگ
امبراطور أسرة شين
العهد	9–23
سبقه	لا أحد، روزي يينگ كإمبراطور أسرة هان الغربية
تبعه	إلغاء الأسرة الحاكمة، الامبراطور گنگ‌شي كإمبراطور أسرة شوان هان
وُلِد	45 ق.م.
توفي	6 أكتوبر 23 (عن عمر 68)
الزوج	الامبراطورة وانگ; الامبراطورة شي; Zhenzhi, concubine; Huaineng, concubine; Kaiming, concubine
الأنجال	Wang Yu (王宇); Wang Hue (王獲); Wang An, Prince of Xinqian (王安); Wang Lin, Prince of Tongyiyang (王臨); Wang Xing, Duke of Gongxiu (王興); Wang Kuang, Duke of Gongjian (王匡); Lady Wang, Empress Xiaoping of Han (孝平皇后); Wang Jie, Lady of Mudai (王捷); Lady Wang, Lady of Muxiu
العهد والتواريخ
العهد والتواريخ
	Shi-jian-guo 始建國 (9–13); Tian-feng 天鳳 (14–19); Di-huang 地皇 (20–23)
الاسم بعد الممات
	لا يوجد
اسم المعبد
	لا يوجد
أسرة حاكمة	أسرة شين
الأب	وانگ مان (王曼)
الأم	چو (渠)

وانگ مانگ (صينية: 王莽�؛ إنگليزية: Wang Mangcode: en is deprecated ؛ ح. 45 ق.م. – 6 أكتوبر 23م)، اسم التبجيل جوجون (巨君)، كان مسئول في أسرة هان استولى على العرش من أسرة ليو وأسس أسرة شين (تعني: "متجدد"^[1]) Dynasty (新朝), ruling 9–23 AD. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow, and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before Xin) and Eastern Han Dynasty (after Xin). Some historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a usurper, while others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he saw in the classics, his efforts ended in chaos.

هذا هو اسم صيني; لقب العائلة هو وانگ.

وفي أكتوبر سنة 23م، هوجمت العاصمة چانگ‌آن ونُهِب القصر الامبراطوري. ولقي وانگ مانگ مصرعه في المعركة.

وأعيد تأسيس أسرة هان في 25م حين ارتقى ليو شيو (الامبراطور گوانگ‌وو) العرش.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

النشأة وبداية حياته العملية

وانگ مانگ was the son of Wang Man (王曼), the younger brother of Empress Wang Zhengjun, and his wife Qu (渠, family name unknown), born in 45 BC. Wang Man died early, while وانگ مانگ was young, before Emperor Cheng took the throne and his mother Empress Wang became empress dowager. Unlike most of his brothers, Wang Man did not have the opportunity to become a marquess. Empress Wang took pity on his family, and after she herself was widowed, had Qu moved to the imperial palace to live with her.

عهده المبكر: أخطاء

السياسات الاقتصادية

عملة على شكل سكين صكها وانگ مانگ

تدهور العلاقات مع شيونگ‌نو وتوابع آخرىن

مشاكل مع شيونگ‌نو

مشاكل مع القبائل الجنوبية الغربية

مشاكل مع ممالك شي‌يو

شلل وفساد الحكم

العهد الأوسط: تمردات زراعية

وانگ مانگ في زي طلاب كونفوشيوس.

أواخر حكمه

الثورات الزراعية

ثورة ليو تندمج مع ثورة لولين الزراعية

مُطالب جديد بالعرش الامبراطوري

معركة كون‌يانگ

فتح العواصم

أسباب فشل وانگ مانگ

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

معلومات شخصية

الأب
- وانگ مانگ (王曼), the early-deceased brother of Empress Wang Zhengjun, second son of Wang Jin, Marquess of Yangping and his wife Li Qin
الأم
- Qu (渠)
Wives
- Empress Wang (created 9, d. 21), mother of Wang Yu, Wang Huo, Wang An, Wang Lin, and Princess Huanghuang
- Empress Shi (created 23)
Major concubines
- Zhenzhi (增秩), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Kuang
- Huaineng (懷能), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Xin and a daughter of Wang's (her name is not part of Unicode and therefore unavailable online)
- Kaiming (開明), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Jie
Children
- Wang Yu (王宇) (d. 2), opposed Wang Mang and was thus killed along with his wife Lü Yan and Lü Kuan brother of Lü Yan
  - Yu had six sons named Wang Qian, Wang Shou, Wang Ji, Wang Zong, Wang Shi and Wang Li (王千、王寿、王吉、王宗、王世、王利). Wang Zong, born Wang Huizong (王會宗), would succeed Wang Mang as Marquess of Xindu, but when his conspiracy against Wang Mang was discovered, he committed suicide in 8.
- Wang Huo (王獲) (d. 5 BC), forced to commit suicide by Wang Mang
- Wang An (王安), initially created the Lord of Xinjia (created 9), then the Prince of Xinqian (created 20) (d. 21)
- Wang Lin (王臨), initially created the Crown Prince (created 9), then the Prince of Tongyiyang (created 20) (و. 9 BC, d. 21), forced to commit suicide by Wang Mang
- Wang Xing (王興), the Duke of Gongxiu (功修) (created 21)
- Wang Kuang (王匡), the Duke of Gongjian (功建) (created 21)
- Princess Huanghuang (Empress Xiaoping of Han) (created 10), initially created the Duchess Dowager of Ding'an (created 9) (d. 23)
- Wang Jie (王捷), the Lady of Mudai (created 21)
- A daughter by Huaineng (her name is not part of Unicode and therefore unavailable online), the Lady of Muxiu (created 21)

**سادة أسرة شين**
الاسم الشخصي	فترة الحكم	أسماء عهوده (年號) وسنواتهم
وانگ مانگ	9–23	Shijianguo (始建國 shi3 jian4 guo1, "The beginning of a nation's establishment") 9–13 Tianfeng (天鳳 tian1 feng1, "Heavenly Feng") 14–19 Dihuang (地皇 di4 huang2, "Earthly Emperor") 20–23

وانگ مانگ في الثقافة الشعبية

وانگ مانگ is a character in the 2011 historical fantasy novel, The Ghosts of Watt O'Hugh, where he is treated admiringly and heroically. He was "the one for whom we'd been waiting," one character says of Wang Mang, after his death, "the one for whom we still wait."

المراجع

الهامش

^ Early Chinese dynasties were typically named after the fief of their founding dynast, and this reading is consistent with Wang Mang's pre-imperial position as Marquess of Xin. In 1950, C.B. Sargent suggested that the name of the dynasty should be read as meaning "new", which J.J.L. Duyvendak rejected out of hand. Chauncey S. Goodrich later convincingly argued that it may be possible to assign a semantic reading to xin, but that it ought to be read as renewed or renewal, not simply new. See Goodrich, Chauncey S. (July 1957). "The Reign of Wang Mang: Hsin or New?". Oriens. Leiden: Brill. 10 (1): 114–8. doi:10.2307/1578760.

أعمال مذكورة

Steven S. Drachman, "The Ghosts of Watt O'Hugh", Chickadee Prince Books, 2011. ISBN 978-0-578-08590-6.
Loewe, Michael. "Wang Mang 王莽 (2)". A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC – AD 24). Leiden: Brill. pp. 536–45.
Rudi Thomsen, Ambition and confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang, Aarhus University Press, 1988. ISBN 87-7288-155-0.
Yap, Joseph P. "Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation From Zizhi tongjian" Chapters 13–17, AuthorHouse (2009) ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4

ألقاب ملكية
امبراطور أسرة شين بيت وانگ وُلِد: 45 ق.م. توفي: 6 أكتوبر 23
سبقه Emperor Ruzi of Han	امبراطور الصين أسرة شين 9–23	تبعه Emperor Gengshi of Han

الكلمات الدالة:

[1] Early Chinese dynasties were typically named after the fief of their founding dynast, and this reading is consistent with Wang Mang's pre-imperial position as Marquess of Xin. In 1950, C.B. Sargent suggested that the name of the dynasty should be read as meaning "new", which J.J.L. Duyvendak rejected out of hand. Chauncey S. Goodrich later convincingly argued that it may be possible to assign a semantic reading to xin, but that it ought to be read as renewed or renewal, not simply new. See Goodrich, Chauncey S. (July 1957). "The Reign of Wang Mang: Hsin or New?". Oriens. Leiden: Brill. 10 (1): 114–8. doi:10.2307/1578760.

[1]