المعرفة

ماكييڤكا

(تم التحويل من Makiivka)
"Makeyevka" تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة the rural localities in Russia، انظر Makeyevka, Russia.

Makiivka, Makiyivka or Makeyevka (أوكرانية: Макіївка, romanized: Makíjivka, IPA: [mɐˈkijiu̯kɐ]; روسية: Макеевка, romanized: Makéjevka, IPA: [mɐˈkʲe(j)ɪfkə]), formerly Dmytriivsk, Dmytriyevskyi, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine within the Donetsk Oblast (province). Located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) from the capital Donetsk, the two cities are practically a conurbation. Makiivka is a leading metallurgical and coal-mining centre of the Donets Basin, with heavy industry and coking plants supporting the local steel and coal industries. While internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, the city has been under the de facto administration of the unrecognized Donetsk People's Republic since its capture by pro-Russian forces in 2014. It has a population of 340,337 (2021 est.)[2].

ماكييڤكا
Макіївка
Makiivka, Makeyevka
Макеевка
No name - panoramio (6).jpg
علم ماكييڤكا
Flag
درع ماكييڤكا
Coat of arms
ماكييڤكا is located in اوبلاست دونيتسك
ماكييڤكا
ماكييڤكا
Location of Makiivka
ماكييڤكا is located in أوكرانيا
ماكييڤكا
ماكييڤكا
ماكييڤكا (أوكرانيا)
الإحداثيات: 48°05′00″N 38°04′00″E / 48.08333°N 38.06667°E / 48.08333; 38.06667Coordinates: 48°05′00″N 38°04′00″E / 48.08333°N 38.06667°E / 48.08333; 38.06667
البلدأوكرانيا
الأوبلاستDonetsk Oblast
الرايونMakiivka City Municipality
Approx. foundation1696
City rights1917[1]
الحكومة
 • MayorYuri Pokintelitsa
المساحة
 • المدينة426 كم² (164 ميل²)
المنسوب
169 m (554 ft)
التعداد
 (2021)
 • المدينة340٬337
 • الكثافة800/km2 (2٬100/sq mi)
 • العمرانية
378٬740
Postal code
86100-86180
مفتاح الهاتف+380 6232
الموقع الإلكترونيOfficial site of Makiivka

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التقسيمات والحكم المحلي

Makiivka comprises a total of 5 raions (districts):

  • Hirnyk (أوكرانية: Гірницький район) — 107,835 inhabitants
  • Kirov (أوكرانية: Кіровський район) — 52,768 inhabitants
  • Soviet (أوكرانية: Радянський район — 53,007 inhabitants
  • Center-City (أوكرانية: Центрально-Міський район) — 94,93 inhabitants
  • Red Guard (أوكرانية: Червоногвардійський район) — 81,042 inhabitants

The city municipality of Makiivka includes also the following urban-type settlements (Ukrainian spellings are followed by Russian ones in parenthesis):

  • Velyke Orikhove (Bolshoye Orekhovoye)
  • Vysoke (Vysokoye)
  • Vuhliar (Uglyar)
  • Hruzko-Zorynske (Gruzko-Zorinskoye)
  • Hruzko-Lomivka (Gruzko-Lomovka)
  • Huselske (Guselskoye)
  • Zemlianky (Zemlyanki)
  • Kolosnykove (Kolosnikovo)
  • Chervonyi Zhovten (Krasnyi Oktiabr)
  • Khanzhonkovo (Khanzhonkovo)
  • Khanzhonkovo-Pivnichnyi (Khanzhonkovo-Severnyi)
  • Krynychna (Krinichnaya)
  • Lisne (Lesnoye)
  • Maiak (Mayak)
  • Mezhove (Rubezhnoye)
  • Nyzhnya Krynka (Nyzhniaya Krinka)
  • Proletarske (Proletarskoye)
  • Sverdlove (Sverdlovo)
  • Yasynivka (Yasinovka)
  • Kalynovo-Skhidnyi (Kalinovo-Vostochnyi)
  • Buroz (Buroz)

The mayor of the city is Oleksandr Maltsev (أوكرانية: Мальцев Олександр Миколайович) who was born in Makiivka in 1956.


الديمغرافيا

As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:[3]

الأعراق
  • Russians: 50.8%
  • Ukrainians: 45%
  • Tatars: 1.1%
  • Georgians: 0.3%
  • Greeks: 0.3%

التاريخ

For a long time Makiivka was thought to have been established in 1777, but recent research shows that it has been mentioned in historical records since approx. 1696[بحاجة لمصدر]. The first mine was opened in 1875. In 1899 metallurgical settlement was founded nearby called Dmytrievsk, named after Dmitry Ilovaisky, son of count Ilovaysky - the landlord of the region.

Makiivka was only a small village when it was combined with nearby Dmytriivsk. Dmytriivsk subsequently developed as one of the largest coal-mining and industrial centres of the Donets Basin coalfield. In 1931, Dmytriivsk-Makiyivka was renamed Makiivka.

During World War II, the town was under German occupation from 22 October 1941 until 6 September 1943.[4]

During the War in Donbass the city town hall was taken over by pro-Russian separatists on 13 April 2014.[5] Since then Makiivka is controlled by the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic[6]

اليهود في ماكييڤكا

In 1939, the Jewish population of Makiivka was 8,000. In the Operational Situation Report (USSR No. 177) of Nazi German Chief of the Security Police dated from March 6, 1942 it is stated that as a result of the measures carried out by Einsatzkommando 6, both the Horlivka and Makiivka districts had been made "free of Jews". Nazis executed a total of 493 people here, among them 80 political agitators, 44 saboteurs and looters, and 369 Jews.

In September 2006, the first synagogue has been consecrated in Makiivka after almost 70 years. The house at 51 Lva Tolstogo street serves not only a synagogue but also a community center for a Jewish community of Makiiivka containing 2,000 members. The chief rabbi of Makiivka is Eliyahu Kremer. Makiivka Jewish community chairman is Alexander-Mikhoel Katz.

الاقتصاد والنقل

الصناعة

 
Yasynivka coke plant near Makiivka

There are many coal mines in and around the city. Makiivka's modern industries include one of the largest integrated iron and steel works in Ukraine. There are also other metalworking and coke-chemical plants and factories for pneumatic machinery, shoemaking, and food processing. The city is rather dispersed, with numerous residential communities surrounding individual industrial plants over an extensive area. It is gradually extending to form a single metropolitan area with the nearby city of Donetsk, which lies just a few miles to the southwest. Makiivka is home to the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.

The largest enterprises in Makiivka are: State enterprise "Makeyevugol" - open joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Metallurgical Works" - open joint-stock company, "Yasinovsky Coke-chemical Plant", and the limited company "Makeyevcoke".

There are also many machine-building enterprises within the city, with the most significant being: open joint-stock company "Granit", open joint-stock company "Stroymash", and the closed joint-stock company "Makeyevsky Mine's Automatic Machinery plant".

ماكييڤكا، مصنع المعادن

The Makiivka metallurgical plant produced 1.029 million tons of steel and 825,000 tons of pig iron in 2005. It increased production of rolled steel 1.56-fold to over 700,000 tons in the January–July period of 2006, compared with the corresponding period of last year. It aims to increase its sales revenues to 1.265 billion hryvnia in 2006. The Nucor company (United States) intends to sign a contract with the Makiivka metallurgical plant on delivery of pig iron to the company's enterprises in the United States.

النقل

Makiivka is crossed by several railway lines: one is the Yasynuvata-Krynichna line (روسية: Ясиноватая-Криничная), and the other is the Mospyno-Makiivka freight line (روسية: Моспино — Макеевка грузовая). The city also contained a tram line (since 1925, but there are no tram routes now since 2006) and a trolleybus system (from 1969).

Trolley buses have 4 routes:

2 - City center - Main railway station Makeyevka-Passazhirskaja (Makeyevka Passenger)

3 - City center - Bazhanova settlement

4 - City center - Daki

5 - City center - Gornostayevskaya street.

There are plans to connect trolleybus networks of Donetsk and Makeyevka with direct intercity line to March 2013.

The city has a main passenger station Makiyivka-Pasazhirska, a railway junction Khanzhonkovo (situated in the settlement where Aleksandr Khanzhonkov was born), and minor railway stations:Krynichna, Monakhovo, Makeevka-Gruzovaya as well as a number of railway bays.

الثقافة

الدين

On the territory of Makiivka there are 22 churches, 73 religious organisations, and a women's monastery.

The city's inhabitants follow different religions, including:

الرياضة

Today, Makiivka has a total of 5 sport stadiums, 4 swimming pools, 90 sport gyms, 15 football fields, 5 children's sport schools, and 36 fitness rooms. There is also a sport school for physically disabled people.

Within the city, 35 different forms of sport are played, and there are a total of 35 sport organisations. There are also many campuses of the oblast's sport schools in Makiivka, including schools for: kickboxing, volleyball, heavy athletics, boxing, some other forms of wrestling, and judo.

معرض صور

  • Flowers on the main street of Makiivka

  • Makiivka Institute of economy and humanitarian sciences

  • City hall

  • Party of Regions headquarters in Makiivka

  • Teatralna (Theatre) street

  • Central part of the city

  • Steelworkers' Palace of culture in Makiivka

  • Pioneers' palace

  • Hotel Mayak (Lighthouse in English)


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أشخاص بارزون

خيالية

المراجع

  1. ^ "Юзовка. Статус города – из рук Временного правительства".
  2. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України (التعداد الفعلي لأوكرانيا)" (PDF) (in الأوكرانية). مصلحة إحصائيات الدولة الأوكرانية. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  3. ^ (in uk), http://donetskstat.gov.ua/census/census.php?ncp=11 
  4. ^ Освобождение городов
  5. ^ "The towns in east Ukraine seized by pro-Moscow separatists". 2 May 2014.
  6. ^ "When hope is stronger than hardship: Bright ideas bring change to war-ravaged Ukraine". 8 September 2016.

وصلات خارجية

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