رأس سبارطيل
رأس سبارطيل ( Cape Spartel ؛ العربية المغربية: أشبرتال، فرنسية: Cap Spartel، إسپانية: Cabo Espartel) هو مطل في المغرب على ارتفاع 300 متر فوق سطح البحر عند مدخل مضيق جبل طارق، على بعد 12 كم غرب طنجة. وهي أقصى النقاط إلى الشمال الغربي في القارة الأفريقية. وتحت الرأس توجد كهوف هرقل.
رأس سبارطيل
Cape Spartel | |
|---|---|
 fr ( Cape Spartel Lighthouse) (2015) | |
  رأس سبارطيل | |
| الإحداثيات: 35°48′02″N 5°54′22″W / 35.80056°N 5.90611°WCoordinates: 35°48′02″N 5°54′22″W / 35.80056°N 5.90611°W | |
| المنسوب | 306 m (1٬005 ft) |
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أصل الاسم
حسب محمد شفيق, اسم هذا الموقع مشتق من اللاتينية spartium، الذي هو اسم جنس نبات (المكنسة الإسبانية).[1]
الوصف
Cape Spartel is frequently but incorrectly referred to as the northernmost point of Africa, which is instead Ras ben Sakka, Tunisia; it is the most northwestern point.[2] The cape rises to a height of 326 m. at the top of Jebel Quebir, where a lighthouse built by Sultan Muhammad IV in 1864 is situated at the end of a cliff.[3]
Below the cape are the Caves of Hercules. These are open to the public and they are accessible from Robinson Plage. The caves have shown evidence of Neolithic occupation. Before they were a tourist attraction they were brothels. Historically the rock was mined and this is one important cause of the caves creation.[4]
Near Cape Spartel is Spartel Bank, a sunken island hypothesized by some as the location of the legendary island of Atlantis.[5][6]
رأس سبارطيل يمكن الوصول إليه من الطريق الوطني S701.
أحداث تاريخية
On 17 August 1670, British ships under Commodore Richard Beach and Dutch ships under Willem Joseph van Ghent destroyed six Barbary ships near Cape Spartel.[7]
During the War of the Spanish Succession, two Spanish 60-gun ships – the Porta Coeli and Santa Teresa – were intercepted on 23 March 1704 by an English squadron under Vice-Admiral Thomas Dilkes off Cape Spartel, comprising the 70-gun ships Kent and Bedford and the 50-gun Antelope. The two Spanish warships, newly built at Orio, were laden with ordnance and military stores and were accompanied by a 24-gun merchantman, the San Nicolas. After a seven hours battle, both warships were captured; they were taken to Lisbon, but the Santa Teresa sank en route.
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On 20 October 1782, during the American War of Independence, an inconclusive battle took place between British and French/Spanish fleets about 18 miles off the coast, the Battle of Cape Spartel, between ships under Admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova and a British fleet under Admiral Richard Howe. The battle was required to maintain British supplies to the besieged صخرة جبل طارق.
In December 1911, the British P&O liner, SS Delhi, ran aground near to Cape Spartel. All passengers were rescued by British and French warships, but three French rescuers were lost.[8]
The Battle of Cape Spartel was a naval battle on 29 September 1936 during the Spanish Civil War. The engagement took place between two Nationalist cruisers and two Republican destroyers, and broke the Republican blockade of the Strait of Gibraltar, securing the naval supply route to Spanish Morocco for the Nationalists early in the war.
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انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ محمد شفيق. الدارجة المغربية، مجال توارد بين الأمازيغية و العربية (in Arabic).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ The Century Cyclopedia of Names: A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of Names in Geography, Biography, Mythology, History, Ethnology, Art, Archaeology, Fiction, Etc. ... (in الإنجليزية). Century. 1899. p. 949.
- ^ The Strait of Gibraltar, accessed November 2012
- ^ "Grottes d'Hercules The Caves of Hercules - Cave of Africa". Showcaves.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "Hunt for Lost City of Atlantis". BBC. 2003-10-30. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
- ^ "Atlantis Rises Again". sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
- ^ "Beach and van Ghent destroy six Barbary ships near Cape Spartel, Morocco, 17 August 1670 - National Maritime Museum".
- ^ "P&O Heritage is the Official Collection of P&O's History". www.poheritage.com. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
ببليوجرافيا
Media related to رأس سبارطيل at Wikimedia Commons- F. Tamburini, Il faro di Capo Spartel (1865–1958), un esempio di cooperazione internazionale in Africa attraverso i secoli XIX e XX, in “Africana, Rivista di studi extraeuropei”, n. IX, 2003
- S. L. Bensusan, Morocco, A. and C. Black, 1904