المعرفة

أوڤرن-رون-ألپ

(تم التحويل من Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)

أوڤرن-رون-ألپ (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ؛ ARA؛ بالفرنسية: [ovɛʁɲ ʁon‿alp]  (Speaker Icon.svg استمع)؛ Arpitan: Ôvèrgne-Rôno-Ârpes؛ أوكسيتان: Auvèrnhe Ròse Aups؛ إيطالية: Alvernia-Rodano-Alpi) هي منطقة في جنوب شرق-وسط فرنسا created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2015; it resulted from the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. The new region came into effect on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections in December 2015.[2]

أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
منطقة في فرنسا
بحيرة آنسي في الألپ الفرنسية
بحيرة آنسي في الألپ الفرنسية
علم أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
Flag
درع أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
Coat of arms
الشعار الرسمي لـ أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
العلم
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France 2016.svg
البلد فرنسا
PrefectureLyon[1]
Departments
12
الحكومة
 • President of the Regional CouncilLaurent Wauquiez
 • PrefectPascal Mailhos
المساحة
 • الإجمالي69٬711 كم² (26٬916 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة4th
التعداد
 (2015)
 • الإجمالي7٬877٬698
 • الكثافة110/km2 (290/sq mi)
صفة المواطنAuvergnat / Rhônalpine
Aurhalphine (rare & non-official)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeFR-ARA
GDP ()Ranked
Total$270 billion (US$ bn)
Per capita$33,130 (US$)
الموقع الإلكترونيauvergnerhonealpes.fr

The region covers an area of more than 69,711 km2 (26,916 sq mi), making it the third largest in metropolitan France, and has a population of 7,877,698, second only to Île-de-France.[3] It consists of 12 departments and one territorial collectivity. Lyon is the chef-lieu of the region.

This new region combines diverse geographical, sociological, economic, and cultural regions, which was already true of Rhône-Alpes, as well as Auvergne, to a lesser extent. While the old Rhône-Alpes and Auvergne regions each enjoyed a unity defined by axes of communication and the pull of their respective metropoles,[Note 1] the new combination is heterogeneous, and sustained lively opposition from some local officials after its creation.[4][5][6][7]

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اسم المكان والشعار والرموز

The text of the territorial reform law gives interim names for most of the merged regions, combining the names of their constituent regions alphabetically, separated by hyphens. Permanent names would be proposed by the new regional councils and confirmed by the Conseil d'État by 1 October 2016.[8][9]

The interim name of the new administrative region was a hyphenated placename, composed of the historic region of Auvergne, the river Rhône, and the French Alps (Alpes). The same name has been chosen as the definitive name, which was officialized by the Conseil d'État on 28 September 2016.[10]

According to several online polls from Lyon Capitale, the name "Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne" led voting, ahead of "Alpes-Auvergne" and "AURA" (an acronym for Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)[11], which was proposed by Jean-Jack Queyranne, the former president for the former Rhône-Alpes region. Schoolchildren were consulted about the name of the new region in February 2016, and local residents were consulted in March.[12]

After adjusting the votes in proportion to the number of inhabitants of the regions (Rhône-Alpes having five times the population of Auvergne) the name "Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne" was still leading, ahead of "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes" and the acronym "AURA".[13]

Despite this result, Laurent Wauquiez and his team decided not to follow the preference of the citizens of the new region, and the name Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes was put to the vote by the regional assembly and adopted unanimously on 23 June 2016;[14][15] it was made official on 28 September 2016 through a decree appearing in the Journal officiel de la République française.[1]

The region was given a coat of arms in October 2017, which combined those of Auvergne, Savoie, Lyonnais and Dauphiné[16] It also has a flag, which initially consisted of the coat of arms on a white background, but was replaced by a heraldic flag in January 2018. On 9 February 2018, the region formalized the flag and the coat of arms on its website, as implemented by Mattieu Casali, a historical scholar.[17] It was received favourably by the national heraldic commission[18]

The blazon given on the region's website is Écartelé : au premier d’or au gonfanon de gueules bordé de sinople (Auvergne) ; au deuxième de gueules à la croix d’argent (Savoie) ; au troisième de gueules au lion d’argent (Lyonnais) ; au quatrième d’or au dauphin d’azur, crêté, barbé, loré, peautré et oreillé de gueules (Dauphiné)., which translates roughly to: Quarterly: 1st Or a gonfalon Gules bordered Vert (Auverne); 2nd Gules a cross argent (Savoie); 3rd Gules a lion argent (Lyonnais); 4th Or a dolphin Azure, crested, bearded, lored, and oreilled Gules.[17]

  • Official coat of arms, released in 2017 and officialized in 2018.

  • First flag, which appeared at the same time as the coat of arms.

  • Flag officialized in 2018

In Francoprovençal and in Occitan, two of the three languages that are historically spoken in the region, the name is pronounced:[Note 2]:

  • Arpitan (francoprovençal): Ôvèrgne-Rôno-Arpes [o.ˌvɛr.ɲə.rɔn.ˈar.pə] ;
  • Occitan : Auvèrnha-Ròse-Aups [ɔwˈver.ɲə.rɔz(e).ɔwp].


الجغرافيا

الموقع

 
Map of the region (ML is the Lyon Metropolis).

The Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes administrative region covers an area of 69 711 km2 in the centre and east of the south of France. It is a collection of regions of diverse topographies, climates, natural resources, cultures, folklore, architecture, and languages. It is bordered by five other administrative regions: Bourgogne-Franche-Comté to the north, Centre-Val de Loire to the northeast, Nouvelle-Aquitaine to the west, Occitanie to the south-west, and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur to the south-east. It is also bordered by Italy (Aosta Valley and Piedmont) to the east and Switzerland (Cantons of Geneva, Valais, and Vaud) to the north-east.

 
The region (green) in the European union (dark grey)

النقاط القصوى:

الأقاليم

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes comprises twelve departments: Ain, Allier, Ardèche, Cantal, Drôme, Haute-Loire, Haute-Savoie, Isère, Loire, Puy-de-Dôme, Rhône, Savoie

المراكز العمرانية

محطات القطارات الهامة

  • Lyon Part-Dieu
  • Lyon Perrache
  • Valence-Ville
  • Valence-TGV
  • Saint-Étienne-Châteaucreux
  • Grenoble
  • Bourg-Saint-Maurice
  • Chambéry-Challes-Les-Eaux
  • Clermont-Ferrand

الاقتصاد

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 270.0 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 11.5% of French economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 30,200 euros or 100% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 109% of the EU average.[19]

السياسة

المقالة الرئيسية: Regional council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

The region is governed by the regional council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes consisting of 204 members. The current regional council was elected in regional elections on 6 and 13 December 2015, with the list of Laurent Wauquiez consisting of The Republicans (LR), the Democratic Movement (MoDem), and Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) securing an absolute majority of 113 seats.[20][21]

 
الزعيم القائمة الجولة الأولى الجولة الثانية المقاعد
الأصوات % الأصوات % المقاعد %
Laurent Wauquiez LR–MoDem–UDI 795٬661 31.73 1٬201٬597 40.62 113 55.39
Christophe Boudot FN 639٬923 25.52 667٬102 22.55 34 16.67
Jean-Jack Queyranne PS–PRG 600٬112 23.93 1٬089٬756 36.84 57 27.94
Jean-Charles Kohlhaas EELV–PG–ND 173٬038 6.90
Cécile Cukierman PCF 135٬274 5.39
Gerbert Rambaud DLF 71٬538 2.85
Éric Lafond NC 39٬187 1.56
Chantal Gomez LO 31٬359 1.25
Alain Fédèle UPR 21٬723 0.87
الإجمالي 2٬507٬815 100.00 2٬958٬455 100.00 204 100.00
الأصوات الصحيحة 2٬507٬815 96.55 2٬958٬455 96.58
الأصوات الفارغة 59٬333 2.28 59٬166 1.93
الأصوات المبطـَلة 30٬175 1.16 45٬577 1.49
الإقبال 2٬597٬323 48.91 3٬063٬198 57.68
الامتناع عن التصويت 2٬713٬316 51.09 2٬247٬266 42.32
الناخبون المسجلون 5٬310٬639 5٬310٬464
المصدر: Ministry of the Interior, Le Monde (parties)


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انظر أيضاً

ملاحظات

  1. ^ With the exception of Haute-Loire which is found in the economic region of Saint-Étienne.
  2. ^ Auvèrnha or Auvèrnhe in Auvergne and Vivaro-Alpine regions; Ròse as the general Occitan form; Aups in Vivaro-Alpine, Alpas in Auvergnat.

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب "Décret No. 2016-1266 du 28 septembre 2016 portant fixation du nom et du chef-lieu de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes" (in الفرنسية). 28 September 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2017..
  2. ^ "La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée" (in French). Le Monde. Agence France-Presse. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Insee - Populations légales 2012 - Populations légales 2012 des régions". Insee. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  4. ^ Poignard, Frédéric (10 October 2008). "Le Grand Lyon, laboratoire du "big bang territorial"". Le Figaro (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  5. ^ "Rapport Balladur : Que pensez-vous de la fusion Auvergne et Rhône-Alpes ?". Cyberbougnat (in الفرنسية). 25 February 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  6. ^ Licourt, Julien (15 January 2014). "La réduction du nombre de régions réveille les susceptibilités locales". Le Figaro (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Observatoire de la FPI : Auvergne-rhône-Alpes" (PDF). fpifrance.fr (in الفرنسية). January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  8. ^ قالب:Cite French law
  9. ^ Bancaud, Delphine (2014-12-18). "Carte de France à 13 régions : Comment vont-elles s'appeler ?". 20 minutes (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  10. ^ قالب:Cite French decree
  11. ^ Steven, Belfils (2014-12-18). "Sondage : quel nom pour la future région ?". lyoncapitale.fr (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  12. ^ Fallas, Claude (27 May 2016). "Laurent Wauquiez propose Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes comme nom de la nouvelle Région" (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  13. ^ Cerinsek, Patricia (2016-03-14). "La Région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes cherche (toujours) son nom". Place Gre'net (in الفرنسية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  14. ^ "Le nouveau nom de la région sera Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes". Le Progrès (in الفرنسية). 27 May 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  15. ^ "Les élus de la Région valident le nom Auvergne Rhône-Alpes". lyonmag.com (in الفرنسية). 23 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  16. ^ Koller, Rodolphe (2 November 2017). "La Région se dote sans bruit d'un nouveau blason". saladelyonnaise.com (in الفرنسية). Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  17. ^ أ ب "Un blason qui fait sens pour Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes". auvergnerhonealpes.fr (in الفرنسية). 9 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  18. ^ Commission nationale d'héraldique, ed. (2018). Rapport Annuel 2017 des Archives en France (PDF) (in الفرنسية). p. 41. Retrieved 12 December 2018. [...] En 2017, la Commission nationale d'héraldique s'est réunie deux fois, les 3 avril et 18 octobre. Elle a examiné 31 dossiers : [...] • 2 blasons de grandes régions : Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes [...] 61 % de ces dossiers ont reçu un avis favorable de conformité héraldique, notamment ceux des grandes régions. [...]
  19. ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "Résultats des élections régionales 2015". Ministère de l'Intérieur. 13 December 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  21. ^ Pierre Breteau; Samuel Laurent; Maxime Vaudano (5 August 2015). "Elections régionales : quel est le candidat dans votre (nouvelle) région ?". Le Monde. Retrieved 28 January 2018.

وصلات خارجية

 
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