44 ق.م.
| 44 ق.م. حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات – الانحلالات | |
خطأ لوا: Invalid number -43. السنة 44 ق.م. . (الرابط يعرض روزنامة كاملة) من التقويم اليوليوسي. وكان يسبقها سنة 45 ق.م. وتلتها سنة 43 ق.م..
الأحداث
حسب المكان
مصر
الجمهورية الرومانية
- Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
- February – Rome celebrates the festival of the Lupercal. Mark Antony twice presents Caesar with a royal diadem, urging him to take it and declare himself king. He refuses this offer and orders the crown to be placed in the Temple of Jupiter.
- March 15 (the Ides of March) – Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is assassinated by a group of senators, amongst them Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Caesar's Massilian naval commander, Decimus Brutus.[1]
- March 20 – Caesar's funeral is held. Marcus Antony gives a eulogy and in his speech he makes accusations of murder and ensures a permanent breach with the conspirators against Caesar. He snatches Caesar's bloody tunic and purple toga to show the crowd the stab wounds; the citizens tear apart the forum and cremate their Caesar on a makeshift pyre. Antony becomes the highest ranking politician in Rome.
- April – Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from Atia (his mother and Caesar's niece) and consul Antony.
- April 18–April 21 – Octavian engages in a charm offensive with consular Cicero who is fulminating against Mark Antony.
- June – Antony is granted a five-year governorship of northern and central Transalpine Gaul (France) and Cisalpine Gaul (Northern Italy).
- September 2
- Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.[2]
- The first of Cicero's Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Antony is published. He will make 14 of them over the next several months.[3]
- December – Antony besieges Brutus Albinus in Mutina (Modena), with Octavian, an ally of Decimus, who is one of his uncle's assassins, close by.
أوروبا
الصين
حسب الموضوع
الدين
المواليد
- Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, Roman statesman, consul and governor (d. 20 AD)
الوفيات
- March 15 – Julius Caesar, Roman politician and general (assassinated in the Theatre of Pompey)[5] (b. 100 BC)
- c. August – Ptolemy XIV, king (pharaoh) of Egypt (presumed murdered) (b. c. 59 BC)
- Burebista, Thracian king of the Getae and Dacian tribes
- Lucius Caninius Gallus, Roman politician, tribune
- Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Roman consul
- Publius Sittius, Roman mercenary commander
المصادر
- ^ Strauss, Barry S. (2015). The death of Caesar : the story of history's most famous assassination. New York. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4516-6879-7. OCLC 883147929.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ King, Arienne (July 10, 2018). "Caesarion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ Arena, Valentina (2007). "Invocation to Liberty and Invective of "Dominatus" at the End of the Roman Republic". Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. 50: 49–73. doi:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2007.tb00264.x. ISSN 0076-0730. JSTOR 43646694.
- ^ Pippidi, D. M. (1976). Dictionar de istorie veche a României: (paleolitic-sec.X) (in الرومانية). Editura științifică și enciclopedică. pp. 116–117.
- ^ LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 129. ISBN 0-631-21858-0.