المعرفة

هوثورن، كاليفورنيا

هوثورن Hawthorne هي مدينة في جنوب غرب مقاطعة لوس أنجلس، كاليفورنيا. وفي تعداد الولايات المتحدة لسنة 2010، بلغ تعداد هوثورن 84,293 نسمة. وفي 2019، قـُدِّر التعداد بـ 86,068 نسمة.[10]

هوثورن، كاليفورنيا
Hawthorne, California
مدينة
الختم الرسمي لـ هوثورن، كاليفورنيا
Seal
الشعار الرسمي لـ هوثورن، كاليفورنيا
الشعار: 
"City of Good Neighbors"
موقع هوثورن في مقاطعة لوس أنجلس، كاليفورنيا.
موقع هوثورن في مقاطعة لوس أنجلس، كاليفورنيا.
هوثورن is located in منطقة لوس أنجلس العمرانية
هوثورن
هوثورن
الموقع في الولايات المتحدة
هوثورن is located in كاليفورنيا
هوثورن
هوثورن
هوثورن (كاليفورنيا)
هوثورن is located in الولايات المتحدة
هوثورن
هوثورن
هوثورن (الولايات المتحدة)
الإحداثيات: 33°55′2″N 118°20′55″W / 33.91722°N 118.34861°W / 33.91722; -118.34861Coordinates: 33°55′2″N 118°20′55″W / 33.91722°N 118.34861°W / 33.91722; -118.34861
البلد الولايات المتحدة
الولاية كاليفورنيا
المقاطعة لوس أنجلس
أُشهرت12 يوليو 1922[1]
الحكومة
[2][3]
 • النوعCity council
 • MayorAlex Vargas
 • Interim City ManagerArnold Shadbehr
المساحة
[4]
 • الإجمالي6٫09 ميل² (15٫78 كم²)
 • البر6٫08 ميل² (15٫75 كم²)
 • الماء0٫01 ميل² (0٫03 كم²)  0.18%
المنسوب
[5]
72 ft (22 m)
التعداد
 (2010)[6]
 • الإجمالي84٬293
 • Estimate 
(2019)[7]
86٬068
 • الترتيب93rd in California
 • الكثافة14٬148٫94/sq mi (5٬463٫09/km2)
منطقة التوقيتUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
90250 and 90251[8]
Area codes310/424,[9] 213/323
FIPS code06-32548
GNIS feature IDs1652717, 2410720
الموقع الإلكترونيcityofhawthorne.org

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التاريخ

تأسست المدينة في 1905 بإسم "Hawthorne Improvement Company" by B.L. Harding and H.D. Lombard. Harding's daughter shared her birthday—the 4th of July, American Independence Day—with New England author Nathaniel Hawthorne, and a decision was made to name the city after him.[11]

Hawthorne was once a "whites only" settlement, commonly called a sundown town.[12] During the 1930s, signs warned African-Americans to be out of Hawthorne by sundown.[13]


الجغرافيا

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.1 square miles (16 km2), over 99% of it land.

To the north of Hawthorne is the unincorporated community of Lennox and the city of Inglewood. To the east is the unincorporated community of Athens and the city of Gardena. To the south is the unincorporated community of El Camino Village, and the cities of Lawndale and Redondo Beach. Manhattan Beach is at the southwest corner of Hawthorne. To the west is the city of El Segundo, and the Los Angeles neighborhood of Westchester is to the northwest of Hawthorne. The unincorporated community of Del Aire is surrounded on three sides by the city of Hawthorne.

The Century Freeway (Glenn Anderson Freeway, I-105) runs along the northern boundary of Hawthorne, with the LACMTA Green Line light rail line running down the center of the Century Freeway. The San Diego Freeway (I-405) runs along the western boundary of Hawthorne. Major east–west streets in Hawthorne include Rosecrans Avenue, El Segundo Boulevard, and Imperial Highway. Major north–south streets include Aviation Boulevard, Inglewood Avenue, Hawthorne Boulevard, Prairie Avenue, Crenshaw Boulevard, and Van Ness Avenue.

Hawthorne is five miles (8 km) from the Los Angeles International Airport.[14]

Hawthorne comprises ZIP codes 90250 and 90251. It is in the 310 area code, except for a small portion of northeastern Hawthorne, which is located in the 323 area code.

المناخ

هوثورن، كاليفورنيا
جدول الطقس (التفسير)
يفمأمييأسأند
 
 
3
 
68
46
 
 
3
 
68
48
 
 
2.4
 
69
50
 
 
0.6
 
73
53
 
 
0.2
 
74
58
 
 
0.1
 
78
61
 
 
0
 
83
65
 
 
0.1
 
85
66
 
 
0.2
 
83
64
 
 
0.4
 
79
58
 
 
1.1
 
73
50
 
 
1.8
 
69
45
متوسطات درجات الحرارة القصوى والدنيا - °ف
إجمالي الهطل - بوصة
المصدر: Weather.com / NWS

Hawthorne, like the rest of the Los Angeles basin, has a Mediterranean climate:

  • On average, the warmest month is August.
  • The highest recorded temperature was 111 °F (44 °C) in 1961.
  • On average, the coolest month is January.
  • The lowest recorded temperature was 15 °F (−9 °C) in 1963.
  • Most rainfall occurs during winter and spring.

Hawthorne has a Mediterranean climate or dry-summer subtropical (Köppen climate classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), enjoying plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 263 sunshine days and only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually.[15]

The period of April through November is warm to hot and dry with average high temperatures of 71–79 °F (22–26 °C) and lows of 50–62 °F (10–17 °C). Due to the moderating effect of the ocean, temperatures are cooler than more inland areas of Los Angeles, where temperatures frequently exceed 90 °F (32 °C) and occasionally reach 100 °F (38 °C).

The Los Angeles area is also subject to the phenomena typical of a microclimate. As such, the temperatures can vary as much as 18 °F (10 °C) between inland areas and the coast, with a temperature gradient of over one degree per mile (1.6 km) from the coast inland. California has also a weather phenomenon called "June Gloom or May Grey", which sometimes brings overcast or foggy skies in the morning at the coast, but usually gives way to sunny skies by noon, during late spring and early summer.

The Los Angeles region averages 15 inches (385 mm) of precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during the winter and spring (November through April) with generally light rain showers, but sometimes as heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. On November 6, 1966, the first ever documented tornado touched down within city limits. It caused significant damage, ran for about one-half mile, from 132nd Street and Ramona Avenue to 140th Street and Ramona Avenue. Snowfall is extremely rare but not impossible in the city basin.


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الديمغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
التعداد Pop. %±
19306٬596—
19408٬26325٫3%
195016٬31697٫5%
196033٬035102٫5%
197053٬30461٫4%
198056٬4375٫9%
199071٬34926٫4%
200084٬11217٫9%
201084٬2930٫2%
2019 (تق.)86٬068[7]2٫1%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]

2010

At the 2010 census Hawthorne had a population of 84,293. The population density was 13,835.7 people per square mile (5,342.0/km2 ). The racial makeup of Hawthorne was 27,678 (32.8%) White (10.3% Non-Hispanic White),[6] 23,385 (27.7%) African American, 565 (0.7%) Native American, 5,642 (6.7%) Asian, 974 (1.2%) Pacific Islander, 22,127 (26.3%) from other races, and 3,922 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44,572 persons (52.9%).[17]

The census reported that 83,754 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 208 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 331 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 28,486 households, 12,330 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,833 (38.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,369 (22.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,357 (8.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,309 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 191 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. Of the households, 7,125 (25.0%) were one person and 1,430 (5.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.94. There were 19,559 families (68.7% of households); the average family size was 3.54.

The age distribution was 23,157 people (27.5%) under the age of 18, 9,487 people (11.3%) aged 18 to 24, 27,035 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 18,395 people (21.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,219 people (7.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

There were 29,869 housing units at an average density of 4,902.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 7,623 (26.8%) were owner-occupied and 20,863 (73.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 25,869 people (30.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 57,885 people (68.7%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Hawthorne had a median household income of $44,649, with 19.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[6]

2000

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 84,112 people in 28,536 households, including 19,775 families, in the city. The population density was 13,879.4 inhabitants per square mile (5,359.0/km2 ). There were 29,629 housing units at an average density of 4,889.1 per square mile (1,887.8/km2 ). The racial makeup of the city was 29.27% White, 39.02% Black or African American, 0.75% Native American, 7.73% Asian, 0.86% Pacific Islander, 24.16% from other races, and 5.22% from two or more races. 44.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 28,536 households, 43.7% included children under the age of 18, 38.6% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. Of all households 24.5% were one person and 4.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.50.

The age distribution was 31.7% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

The median household income was $31,887 and the median family income was $35,149. Males had a median income of $29,481 versus $27,427 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,022. About 18.4% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.

الاقتصاد

 
P-61s being built by Northrop Corp. during World War II in Hawthorne[19]

الشركات التالية توجد في هوثورن:

سابقاً في هوثورن:

الحكومة

الحكومة البلدية

Hawthorne has an elected city council composed of a mayor elected every four years and four city council members elected on staggering four year terms.

Current City Council Members[23]
المنصب شاغل المنصب نهاية المدة
العمدة Alex Vargas December 2020
Mayor Pro Tem Olivia Valentine December 2022
Councilmember Mike Talleda December 2020
Councilmember Alex Monteiro December 2022
Councilmember Haidar Awad December 2020
Elected Officials[24]
OFFICE OFFICE HOLDER TERM ENDS
City Treasurer L. David Patterson December 2022
City Clerk Paul Jimenez December 2022

According to the city's most recent[when?] "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report," its various funds had $126.1 million in revenues, $113.2 million in expenditures, $220.2 million in total assets, $152.7 million in total liabilities, and $29.6 million in cash and investments.[25] The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:[26] The interim city manager is Arnold Shadbehr.[3]

التمثيل الولائي والاتحادي

In the California State Legislature, Hawthorne is in the 35 Senate District, represented by Democrat Isadore Hall, III, and in the 62nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Autumn Burke.[27]

In the United States House of Representatives, Hawthorne is in California's 43rd congressional district, represented by قالب:Representative/format/pfl.[28]


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التعليم

المدارس الحكومية

Hawthorne is served by multiple school districts.[29]

Centinela Valley Union High School District
Hawthorne School District
Wiseburn School District
  • Juan Cabrillo Elementary School (Kindergarten-2nd grade)
  • 138th St School (3rd-5th grade) (To Be Renamed)
  • Richard Henry Dana Middle School (6th-8th grade)
  • Da Vinci Schools (9th-12th grade)
Lawndale Elementary School District
Lennox School District
  • Elementary schools with boundaries coinciding include: Buford, Jefferson, and Moffett[32]
  • All district residents are zoned to Lennox Middle School (grades 7-8)
Los Angeles Unified School District

In addition Los Angeles County Office of Education operates Southwest Day (5th-12th grade).

Hawthorne Math and Science Academy is a charter high school in Hawthorne associated with the Hawthorne School District.[33]

المدارس الخاصة

الكليات والجامعات

Los Angeles Community College District

الإعلام

The Hawthorne Press Tribune is the community newspaper for the City of Hawthorne.[34]

البنية التحتية

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood, serving Hawthorne.[35]

The United States Postal Service Hawthorne Post Office is located at 12700 Inglewood Avenue.[36]

أشخاص بارزون

الهامش

  1. ^ "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on أكتوبر 17, 2013. Retrieved أغسطس 25, 2014.
  2. ^ "City Council". City of Hawthorne. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  3. ^ أ ب "City Manager's Office". City of Hawthorne. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  4. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  5. ^ "Hawthorne". نظام معلومات الأسماء الجغرافية، المسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  6. ^ أ ب ت "Hawthorne (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  7. ^ أ ب "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  8. ^ "USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results". Retrieved 2007-01-18.
  9. ^ "Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results". Archived from the original on سبتمبر 29, 2007. Retrieved يناير 18, 2007.
  10. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  11. ^ Dixon, Walt; Roberts, Jerry (2005). Hawthorne. Arcadia. p. 10. ISBN 9780738529714.
  12. ^ KAPLAN, ERIN AUBRY (January 24, 2007). "Sun hasn't set on 'sundown towns'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  13. ^ Wexler, Laura (October 23, 2005). "Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of SUNDOWN TOWNS: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen)". The Washington Post. p. BW03. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  15. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Los Angeles, California, United States of America". Weatherbase.com. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  16. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Hawthorne city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  18. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  19. ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 94, Cypress, CA 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  20. ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 93–106, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  21. ^ Belfiore, Michael (2012-01-20). "Inside SpaceX: We Visit the Company's California Headquarters". Popular Mechanics (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  22. ^ "Mattel Toys to Move Its Headquarters to El Segundo Site". Los Angeles Times. 20 September 1989. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  23. ^ "Mayor Alex Vargas". HAWTHORNE CALIFORNIA (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  24. ^ "City Treasurer L. David Patterson". HAWTHORNE CALIFORNIA (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-12-16.
  25. ^ City of Hawthorne CAFR Archived ديسمبر 14, 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
  26. ^ City of Hawthorne City Directory. Retrieved 2009-08-18. Archived فبراير 21, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  28. ^ قالب:Cite GovTrack
  29. ^ "Zoning Map" (PDF). City of Hawthorne. Retrieved 2019-04-13. Compare this map to boundary maps issued by school districts.
  30. ^ "School Site Locator" (Archive). Lawndale Elementary School District. Retrieved on January 2, 2017.
  31. ^ "Elementary School & Middle School Boundaries as of September 2008." Lawndale Elementary School District. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.
  32. ^ "Boundary map" (PDF). Lennox School District. Retrieved 2019-04-13.
  33. ^ Hawthorne.k12.ca.us Archived أكتوبر 21, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ Hawthorne Press Tribune. Herald Publications. Retrieved on 2013-08-18.
  35. ^ "Curtis Tucker Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
  36. ^ "Post Office Location – HAWTHORNE." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  37. ^ أ ب "The History of Hawthorne". Broowaha. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  38. ^ "City of Hawthorne, CA – Beach Boys". Cityofhawthorne.com. ديسمبر 29, 2000. Archived from the original on يوليو 8, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  39. ^ Selvin, Joel (May 31, 2005). "For the Beach Boys, fun, fun, fun began in humble Hawthorne". SF Gate. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  40. ^ Statistics. "Curtis Conway – No. 81 – WR – Southern California – Profile". Newyorkjets.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  41. ^ "YouTube – Hawthorne vs. Leuzinger (11/4/1988)". Ca.youtube.com. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  42. ^ Jason Simmons News, Stats, Photos | Houston Texans. Sbnation.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-18.
  43. ^ "Fred Dryer". IMDb.
  44. ^ Roberts, Randall (2017-11-10). "Cuco rising: How a teen romantic from Hawthorne is becoming the buzz of the biz". Los Angeles Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  45. ^ "Ted Gioia bio". www.tedgioia.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  46. ^ "Classmate Information". cougartown.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  47. ^ MTV, Kurupt.
  48. ^ "Michael Marsh". www.usatf.org. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  49. ^ "MICHAEL A. McDERMOTT". HOUSE OF DELEGATES FORMER DELEGATES. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  50. ^ "Tour Location: 459 E Rhode Island Street, Hawthorne, California". The Movieland Directory. Archived from the original on يونيو 21, 2009. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  51. ^ "Marilyn Monroe: Encyclopedia II – Marilyn Monroe – Early life". Experiencefestival.com. Archived from the original on يوليو 10, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  52. ^ "Welcome to the Official Chris Montez website". Chrismontez.com. Archived from the original on فبراير 5, 2008. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  53. ^ Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 93, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  54. ^ "Video". CNN. 1987-01-12. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  55. ^ "City of Hawthorne, CA – Thorpe". Cityofhawthorne.com. ديسمبر 29, 2000. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 28, 2008. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  56. ^ "City of Hawthorne, CA – Jim Thorpe". Cityofhawthorne.com. Archived from the original on مايو 2, 2011. Retrieved يونيو 25, 2010.
  57. ^ Fox Sports. Msn.foxsports.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-18.
  58. ^ "Russell Westbrook - 2006-07 Men's Basketball Roster - UCLA". www.uclabruins.com.

للاستزادة

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Hawthorne, California

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