نورس

النورس Gull أعداد كبيرة من مختلف أنواع النورس وخطاف البحر تطير إلى الساحل على مدار العام إما للتكاثر أو للهروب من فصل الشتاء في أقصى أصقاع القطب الشمالي. وتحط أعداد كبيرة من هذه الطيور رحالها في القرى الممتدة على طول الساحل والتي تعتمد الصيد البحري حيث تقوم هذه الطيور بكنس الشواطئ لتتغذى على البقايا والفضلات الكثيرة التي تجدها على هذه الشواطئ.

نورس Gulls
Black-headed Gull
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:	الحيوان
Phylum:	الحبليات
Class:	الطيور
Order:	Charadriiformes
Suborder:	Lari
Family:	Laridae Vigors, 1825
Genera
Larus Rissa Pagophila Rhodostethia Xema Creagus

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 قائمة النوارس بترتيب تصنيفي

A gull scavenging for food at the steps of the U.S. Capitol reflecting pool

Genus Larus

• Dolphin Gull, Larus scoresbii
• Pacific Gull, Larus pacificus
• Belcher's Gull, Larus belcheri
• Olrog's Gull, Larus atlanticus
• Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris
• Grey Gull, Larus modestus
• Heermann's Gull, Larus heermanni
• White-eyed Gull, Larus leucophthalmus
• Sooty Gull, Larus hemprichii
• Common Gull or Mew Gull, Larus canus
• Audouin's Gull, Larus audouinii
• Ring-billed Gull, Larus delawarensis
• California Gull, Larus californicus
• Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus
• Kelp Gull, Larus dominicanus (called "Southern Black-backed Gull" or "Karoro" in New Zealand)
• Glaucous-winged Gull, Larus glaucescens
• Western Gull, Larus occidentalis
• Yellow-footed Gull, Larus livens
• Glaucous Gull, Larus hyperboreus
• Iceland Gull, Larus glaucoides
• Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri
• Herring Gull, Larus argentatus
• Heuglin's Gull, Larus heuglini
• American Herring Gull, Larus smithsonianus
• Yellow-legged Gull, Larus michahellis
• Caspian Gull, Larus cachinnans
• East Siberian Herring Gull, Larus vegae
• Armenian Gull, Larus armenicus
• Slaty-backed Gull, Larus schistisagus
• Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus
• Great Black-headed Gull, Larus ichthyaetus
• Brown-headed Gull, Larus brunnicephalus
• Grey-headed Gull, Larus cirrocephalus
• Hartlaub's Gull, Larus hartlaubii
• Silver Gull, Larus novaehollandiae
• Red-billed Gull, Larus scopulinus
• Black-billed Gull, Larus bulleri
• Brown-hooded Gull, Larus maculipennis
• Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus
• Slender-billed Gull, Larus genei
• Bonaparte's Gull, Larus philadelphia
• Saunders' Gull, Larus saundersi
• Andean Gull, Larus serranus
• Mediterranean Gull, Larus melanocephalus
• Relict Gull, Larus relictus
• Lava Gull, Larus fuliginosus
• Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla
• Franklin's Gull, Larus pipixcan
• Little Gull, Larus minutus

Genus Rissa

• Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
• Red-legged Kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris

Genus Pagophila

• Ivory Gull, Pagophila eburnea

Genus Rhodostethia

• Ross's Gull, Rhodostethia rosea

Genus Xema

• Sabine's Gull, Xema sabini

Genus Creagrus

• Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus furcatus

 معرض صور

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  Lesser Black-backed Gull - Adult gull and her chick

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  Western Gull in Monterey, الولايات المتحدة

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  Gull chick at Trondheim, Norway

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  A Black-headed Gull in Devon, إنگلترة

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  The Swallow-tailed Gull, endemic inhabitant of the Galápagos Islands.

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  Swallow-tailed Gull in flight, showing wing patterns.

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  Herring Gull on the North Devon coast, England

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  Silver Gull at Sale, Australia

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  Great Black-backed Gull, Stornoway, Hebrides

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  Ring-billed Gulls at Chesapeake Bay

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  Ring-billed Gull at Toronto, Ontario, كندا

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  Dolphin Gull at Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego

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  A Silver Gull, Lakes Entrance

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  Black-tailed Gulls feeding in flight

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  Heermann's Gulls have all over greyish plumage with a white head during the breeding season.

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  Lava Gull at Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

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  Herring Gull eggs

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  American Herring Gull on its nest

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  Herring Gulls mating

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  Gull flyng on cliffs in Portovenere

 المصادر

• Olsen, Klaus Malling & Larsson, Hans (1995): Terns of Europe and North America. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-4056-1

• Paton, Tara A. & Baker, Allan J. (2006): Sequences from 14 mitochondrial genes provide a well-supported phylogeny of the Charadriiform birds congruent with the nuclear RAG-1 tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(3): 657–667. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.011 (HTML abstract)

• Paton, T. A.; Baker, A. J.; Groth, J. G. & Barrowclough, G. F. (2003): RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29: 268-278. DOI:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8 (HTML abstract)

• Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamás (2004): A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. BMC Evol. Biol. 4: 28. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28 PDF fulltext Supplementary Material

 روابط خارجية

• الحيوان البري في البلاد العربية من الموسوعة العربية العالمية
• Rudy's Gull-index: Pictures of several less well-known plumages of large gulls plus many links.
• The Norwegian Gull Page: Huge picture archive including all NW European species, as well as features from the Nearctic and SE Europe.
• Bird pictures - Gulls: Pictures and descriptions of large gulls from The Netherlands, France, Spain and Poland.
• Bird Hybrids Database: Search for specific laridae hybrids by entering gull species name in query box. Click on hybrid for references.
• Gull videos on the Internet Bird Collection