مونتيغو باي
مونتيگو بـِيْ Montego Bay هي عاصمة أبرشية سانت جيمس ورابع أكبر مدينة في جاميكا حسب التعداد (بعد كنگستون وسپانش تاون و پورتمور) والثانية حسب المساحة.
مونتيگو بـِيْ
Montego Bay | |
|---|---|
 منظر مونتيگو بـِيْ من جانب الربوة | |
  مونتيگو بـِيْ | |
| الإحداثيات: 18°28′N 77°55′W / 18.467°N 77.917°WCoordinates: 18°28′N 77°55′W / 18.467°N 77.917°W | |
| البلد |  جاميكا |
| المقاطعة | كورنوال |
| الأبرشية | سانت جيمس |
| أُعلِنت مدينة بقانون برلماني | 1980 |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة | ليروي ويليامز |
| التعداد (2011) | |
| • الإجمالي | 110٬115 |
| • St. James (2001) | 175٬127 |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC-5 (EST) |
| مفتاح الهاتف | +1-876 +1-658 (Overlay of 876; active as of November 2018) |
مونتيگو بـِيْ هي مقصد سياحي للتسوق المعفي من الجمارك، وفيها محطة لخط بواخر والعديد من الشواطئ. المدينة يخدمها مطار دونالد سانگستر الدولي الواقع على طرف المدينة. المدينة تقع داخل حوض صرف، تغذيه عدة أنهار مثل نهر مونتيگو.[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ
حين زار كريستوفر كلومبس الجزيرة لأول مرة في 1494، فقد سمّى الخليج Golfo de Buen Tiempo ("خليج الطقس الحسن"). الاسم "Montego Bay" يُعتقد أنه ينحدر من تحريف للكلمة الإسپانية manteca ("شحم الخنزير")، لزعم أنه أثناء الفترة الاسبانية فقد كان الميناء الذي يتم تصدير شحم الخنزير واللحم البقري منه.[بحاجة لمصدر] وقد كانت جاميكا مستعمرة اسبانية من 1511 حتى 1655، حين طردت تجريدة الكاريبي، التصميم الغربي، بقيادة أوليڤر كروموِل، الاسبان من الجزيرة. After the British removed the Spanish rule, along with the majority of all buildings and infrastructure, the colonials established the Parish of St. James which directly influenced the area in becoming a huge contributor of sugar cane. In fact, during this period of British governing, Montego Bay was the largest producer of sugar cane on the island of Jamaica, giving the region more value than originally anticipated.[2]
Throughout the duration of slavery, from the mid-17th century until 1834, and well into the 20th century, the town of Montego Bay functioned primarily as a sugarcane port. The island's last major slave revolt, the Christmas Rebellion or Baptist War (1831–1832) took place in and around the area of Montego Bay. The rebellion set estates and plantations to flame and was the start of a broader political push toward emancipation.[2] Retribution was quickly sought by British leaders and many were hanged for their attempts at revolt; the leader of the revolt, Samuel Sharpe, was hanged there in 1832. Recognition was later given, and Sharpe was proclaimed a national hero of Jamaica in 1975, and the main square of the town was renamed in his honor. Eventually, Jamaica was emancipated on August 1, 1834 which granted all new children born or children under the age of six "free", but held individuals outside of that parameter to be apprentices and work forty hours a week in compensation to their previous or original owners. It was not until four years after these restrictions were put in place that all slave and apprentices were given the status of full freedom.[3] After the half decade emancipation process, Montego Bay and its sugar cane industry took a hit. Therefore, it branched out and took root in expanding into exporting bananas and coffee as well.[2]
Montego Bay's city status prior to British rule was debated; however, it had its city status revoked during Jamaica's British colonial period. It was re-proclaimed a city by act of parliament in 1980, but this has not meant that it has acquired any form of autonomy, for it continues to be an integral part of the parish of St. James.[4]
Today, Montego Bay is known for Cornwall Regional Hospital, port facilities, second homes for numerous upper-class Jamaicans from Kingston as well as North Americans and Europeans, fine restaurants, and shopping. The coastland near Montego Bay is occupied by numerous tourist resorts, most newly built, some occupying the grounds of old sugarcane plantations with some of the original buildings and mill-works still standing. The most famous is the White Witch's Rose Hall which features a world-class golf course.
The infrastructure of the city is going through a series of modernizations which once completed, aims to keep Montego Bay as a top destination in the region. The Montego Bay Convention Centre, built on a large site near to the Rose Hall estate, was opened by Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding on 7 January 2011.[5]
الاقتصاد
Montego Bay is pivotal to Jamaica's economy. The city holds most of the weight of the country's tourism sector. Most of the country's visitors arrive and depart from Montego Bay's airport or port. Many international companies have resorts in the city including Hyatt, Hilton Hotels, Holiday Inn, RIU Hotels, Royalton and Iberostar. The city is the home to the headquarters of international resort chain Sandals. The Government of Jamaica, through the Ministry of Tourism, has begun to focus on bolstering the city's entertainment and gastronomic offerings. Though the city's airport hosts a number international chains, the city itself does not have access to these restaurants. By virtue of this new focus, the city has become home to a newly established Hard Rock Café and became home to Starbucks' first Jamaican location, at Doctor's Cave Beach, in November 2017.[6][7][8] The city also serves as the Head Office for Starbucks' operations in Jamaica.
The city is also home to a thriving Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector. The city has call centres which cater to many Fortune 500 companies such as Delta, Netflix and many others. In addition, Vistaprint established its only call centre in Montego Bay which located in the city's up and coming tech park. Most of the city's business is done in the downtown area, however, as of recent, the CBD has begun to migrate to the suburb of Fairview/Bogue which is home to the Fairview Town Centre, which is a five-minute commute from Montego Freezone, the city's dedicated area to BPO activity. The area is mostly populated with retail and banking, most notable are Scotiabank's new Fairview branch, The G-West building, Flow's first and flagship store in the Caribbean redesigned by retail experts, Shikatani Lacroix, and Fontana Pharmacy's flagship store. The town centre is also important to the city as it hosts places such as Digicel's Corporate offices for Western Jamaica as well as many auditing, law and insurance firms.
المناخ
| بيانات مناخ مونتيگو بـِيْ | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 32.8 (91) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.8 (100) |
38.9 (102) |
37.8 (100) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.1 (97) |
36.2 (97.2) |
35.0 (95) |
34.7 (94.5) |
32.5 (90.5) |
38٫9 (102) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 27.9 (82.2) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.1 (88) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.1 (88) |
30.4 (86.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29٫8 (85٫6) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 22.3 (72.1) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23٫7 (74٫7) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | 13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55) |
14.7 (58.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.0 (68) |
17.2 (63) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12٫8 (55) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 89 (3.5) |
64 (2.52) |
35 (1.38) |
57 (2.24) |
104 (4.09) |
120 (4.72) |
65 (2.56) |
96 (3.78) |
129 (5.08) |
164 (6.46) |
115 (4.53) |
102 (4.02) |
1٬140 (44٫88) |
| % Humidity | 77 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 77 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 127 |
| Sunshine hours | 229.4 | 217.5 | 251.1 | 252.0 | 251.1 | 237.0 | 254.2 | 238.7 | 210.0 | 217.0 | 213.0 | 217.0 | 2٬788٫0 |
| Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[9] | |||||||||||||
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ Montego Bay Marine Park
- ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةauto - ^ "Emancipation Day in Jamaica | Loop Jamaica". Loop News.
- ^ "Montego Bay — a city making progress in some areas, but struggling in others". Jamaica Observer.
- ^ "Industry News & Facts - MONTEGO BAY CONVENTION CENTRE OPENS". Jamaican Tourist Board. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ "Hard Rock Café coming to MoBay". jamaica-gleaner.com. 7 August 2016.
- ^ "Starbucks". stories.starbucks.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017.
- ^ "Starbucks". stories.starbucks.com.
- ^
"Klimatafel von Montego Bay / Jamaika" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
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وصلات خارجية
Montego Bay travel guide from Wikivoyage- Aerial view
- Panoramio - Photos of the World