المعرفة

مجموعة ألتريا

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Altera or Altaria (disambiguation).
"Philip Morris Companies, Inc." تحوّل إلى هنا. لمطالعة other uses، انظر Philip Morris.

مجموعة ألتريا Altria Group, Inc. كانت تسمى سابقاً مجموعة شركات فيليب موريس تقع في مقاطعة هنريكو، فيرجينيا وهي الشركة الأم لشركة فيليب موريس الولايات المتحدة. في 27 يناير 2003، غيرت شركة فيليب موريس اسمها إلى مجموعة ألتريا.

Altria Group, Inc.
النوعPublic
رمز التداول
ISINUS02209S1033 Edit this on Wikidata
الصناعةTobacco
السابقUST Inc. Edit this on Wikidata
تأسست1985; 39 years ago (1985 (as Philip Morris Companies, Inc.)
المقر الرئيسيReynolds Metals Company International Headquarters
Henrico County, Virginia, U.S.
نطاق الخدمةWorldwide
الأشخاص الرئيسيون
Billy Gifford
(Chairman & CEO)
الدخل▲ دولار21٫111 billion (2021)[1]
ربح العمليات▲ US$11.560 billion (2021)[1]
▲ US$2.475 billion (2021)[1]
إجمالي الأصولDecrease US$39.523 billion (2021)[1]
إجمالي الأنصبةDecrease -US$1.606 billion (2021)[1]
الموظفون6,000 (2021)[2]
الشركات التابعة
الموقع الإلكترونيaltria.com

Altria is the parent company of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Inc., U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company, Inc., and Philip Morris Capital Corporation. Altria also maintains large minority stakes in Belgium-based brewer AB InBev and the Canadian cannabis company Cronos Group. It is a component of the S&P 500 and was a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from 1985 to 2008, dropping due to spin-offs of Kraft Foods Inc. in 2007 and Philip Morris International in 2008.[3]

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التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: فيليب موريس الولايات المتحدة § التاريخ
 
فيليب موريس
 
دعاية لسجائر فيليب موريس في مطلع القرن العشرين.
 
The "Altria Center for Research and Technology" in Downtown Richmond, Virginia, March 2020

Altria emerged from Philip Morris. The onset of "rebranding" of Philip Morris Companies to Altria took place in 2003 (Philip Morris would later split, with PM USA remaining Altria's primary and only consistently held asset). Altria was created because Philip Morris wished to emphasize that its business portfolio had come to consist of more than Philip Morris USA and Philip Morris International; at the time, it owned an 84% stake in Kraft,[4] although that business has since been spun off.[5] The name "Altria" is claimed to come from the Latin word for "high" and was part of a trend of companies rebranding to names that previously did not exist, Accenture (previously Andersen Consulting) and Verizon being notable examples,[6] though linguist Steven Pinker suggests that in fact the name is an "egregious example" of phonesthesia—with the company attempting to "switch its image from bad people who sell addictive carcinogens to a place or state marked by altruism and other lofty values".[7]

The company's branding consultants, the Wirthlin Group, said: "The name change alternative offers the possibility of masking the negatives associated with the tobacco business", thus enabling the company to improve its image and raise its profile without sacrificing tobacco profits.[8]

Philip Morris executives thought a name change would insulate the larger corporation and its other operating companies from the political pressures on tobacco.[8]

The rebranding took place amidst social, legal, and financially troubled circumstances.[vague][9] In 2003 Altria was ranked Fortune number 11, and has steadily declined since. In 2010 Altria Group (MO) ranked at Fortune number 137, whereas its former asset, Philip Morris International, was ranked 94th.[10]

In 2006, a United States court found that Philip Morris "publicly ... disputed scientific findings linking smoking and disease knowing their assertions were false."[11] In a 2006 ruling, a federal court found that Altria, along with R. J. Reynolds Tobacco, Lorillard and Philip Morris were found guilty of misleading the public about the dangers of smoking.[12] Within this ruling, it was noted that "defendants altered the chemical form of nicotine delivered in mainstream cigarette smoke for the purpose of improving nicotine transfer efficiency and increasing the speed with which nicotine is absorbed by smokers."[13] This was done by manipulating smoke pH with ammonia. Adding ammonia increases the smoke pH, in a process called "freebasing" which causes smokers to be "exposed to higher internal nicotine doses and become more addicted to the product."[14]

On March 30, 2007, Altria's 88.1% stake in Kraft Foods was spun off, through a distribution of the remaining stake of shares (88.1%) to Altria shareholders. That same year, Altria began selling all its shares of Philip Morris International to Altria stockholders, a spin-off that was completed on March 28, 2008. Again in 2007 the company began the acquisition of cigar manufacturer John Middleton Co. from Bradford Holdings, which was complete in 2008. After Philip Morris International spun off, the former international subsidiaries halted the purchase of tobacco from America, which was a major factor in the closing of a newly renovated plant in North Carolina, an approximately 50% reduction in manufacturing, large-scale layoffs, and induced early retirements.[15]

In 2008, Altria officially moved its headquarters from New York City to Richmond, Virginia, after Philip Morris sold its downtown offices in New York City a decade earlier. With a few exceptions, all manufacturing, commercial, and executive employees had long been based in and around Richmond. Currently the company is headquartered in an unincorporated area within Henrico County, less than five miles west of the city limits of Richmond and less than ten miles from its downtown Richmond campus.

Aside from the Philip Morris/Altria headquarters, some of their other buildings included the Altria Center for Research and Technology in downtown Richmond, their manufacturing center in South Richmond, and the adjacent operations center which began shutting down in 2007–2008, as a result of the loss of demand from PMI member companies. The layoffs beginning in 2007 affected thousands of Altria, Altria Client Services, Philip Morris USA, and contracted employees in Richmond and North Carolina.

In 2009, Altria finalized its purchase of UST Inc., whose products included smokeless tobacco (made by U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company) and wine (made by Chateau Ste. Michelle).[16] This ended a short era of competition between the new Marlboro smokeless tobacco products such as snus, and those produced by UST Inc.

On December 8, 2018, Altria announced its intent to acquire a 45% stake in Cronos Group for $1.8 billion.[17]

On December 20, 2018, Altria finalized the acquisition of a 35% stake in JUUL Labs, an e-cigarette company based out of San Francisco, California, for $12.8 billion.[18] On November 3, 2019, it was reported that Altria was taking a $4.5 billion writedown on its stake in Juul, 35% of its original value.[19] On July 28, 2022, it was reported that Altria's investment in Juul is now worth only 5% of the original amount of $12.8 billion. Despite the losses, Altria has announced that it will continue to support Juul and avoid investing in competing products.[20]

Altria is taking a stake in the global business of Swiss tobacco company Burger Söhne (Helix Innovations with the On! brand) for $372 million on June 2019.

Altria and Japan Tobacco announced a joint venture called Horizon Innovations LLC on October 27, 2022. Horizon, owned 75 percent by Altria and 25 percent by Japan Tobacco, intends to sell Ploom heated tobacco sticks in the United States. FDA approval was expected to take until 2025, with customers able to buy Ploom by 2027.[21]

Altria completed the acquisition of NJOY Holdings, Inc. on June 1, 2023.[22]


الأملاك

Altria Group, Inc. owns 100 percent of Philip Morris USA, John Middleton, Inc. and Philip Morris Capital Corporation. It also owns 28.7% of SABMiller PLC.

Before the recent restructuring, the net revenue (and operating income) of Altria Group, Inc. came predominantly from its tobacco business, as is shown in the following table. Altria's share of SABMiller's revenue and profits is not included in the table below because its holding is too small to be consolidated in the group accounts.[23]

Activity Net revenue
in 2006
(millions USD) 		Net revenue
in 2006
(%) 		Operating
income
in 2006
(millions USD) 		Operating
income
in 2006
(%)
USA tobacco 18,474 18.2% 4,812 26.5%
International tobacco 48,260 47.6% 8,458 46.5%
North American food 23,118 22.8% 3,753 20.7%
International food 11,238 11.1% 964 5.3%
Financial services 317 0.3% 176 1.0%
Total 101,407 100% 18,163 100%

الماركات

تبغ

Philip Morris USA brands:

نبيذ

  • Chateau Ste Michelle
  • Columbia Crest
  • Stag's Leap Wine Cellars
  • Conn Creek
  • Red Diamond
  • Snoqualmie
  • Spring Valley
  • Villa Mt Eden
  • Erath
  • Col Solare
  • Northstar
  • Villa Antinori
  • Tormaresca
  • Tignanello
  • Antica Napa Valley
  • Solaia
  • Santa Cristina
  • Haras di Pirque
  • La Bracessca
  • Montenisa
  • Hawk Crest
  • Fourteen Hands
  • Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte
  • Palmes d'Or
  • Domaine Ste Michelle

أنظر أيضاً

  بوابة Virginia
  بوابة New York City
  بوابة Companies

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Altria Group, Inc. 2020 Annual Report (Form 10-K)" (PDF). Altria Group, Inc. December 31, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  2. ^ "2018 Annual Report (Form 10-K)" (PDF). Altria Group, Inc. February 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  3. ^ "Altria, Honeywell Removed from DJIA; Bank of America, Chevron Added".
  4. ^ "Philip Morris completes its rebranding to Altria Group". Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  5. ^ Dan Caplinger (March 15, 2007). "Coca-Cola vs. Altria: Altria". Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  6. ^ "Altria Director Discusses Rebranding Company, CNNfn". Finance Wire. November 11, 2003.
  7. ^ Pinker, Steven (2007). The Stuff of Thought. Penguin Books. p. 304.
  8. ^ أ ب Smith, EA; Malone, RE (2003). "Altria Means Tobacco: Philip Morris's Identity Crisis". Am J Public Health. 93 (4): 553–6. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.4.553. PMC 1447789. PMID 12660196.
  9. ^ "Business Plan facts, information, pictures – Encyclopedia.com articles about Business Plan".
  10. ^ "Fortune 500 2010: Top 1000 American Companies – Altria Group – MO – FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
  11. ^ "The Verdict is In: Findings from United States v Philip Morris" (PDF). Tobacco Legal Consortium. 2006.
  12. ^ "In Ads, Tobacco Companies Admit They Made Cigarettes More Addictive". NPR.org. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  13. ^ "United States of America v. Philip Morris USA, INC., (f/k/a Philip Morris, Inc.), et al. Civil Action No. 99-2496" (PDF).
  14. ^ van Amsterdam, Jan; Sleijffers, Annemarie; van Spiegel, Paul; Blom, Roos; Witte, Maarten; van de Kassteele, Jan; Blokland, Marco; Steerenberg, Peter; Opperhuizen, Antoon (December 2011). "Effect of ammonia in cigarette tobacco on nicotine absorption in human smokers". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49 (12): 3025–3030. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.037. ISSN 1873-6351. PMID 22001171.
  15. ^ Walker, Dionne (June 26, 2007). "Altria closing North Carolina plant". Usatoday.Com. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
  16. ^ "Our History – Altria: 2001-Present". altria.com. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
  17. ^ Speights, Keith (December 8, 2018). "Altria Buys a $1.8 Billion Stake in Cronos Group: 3 Things You Need to Know About the Monster Deal". The Motley Fool. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  18. ^ Wamsley, Laurel (December 20, 2018). "Altria Buys 35 Percent Stake In E-Cigarette Maker Juul". NPR. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  19. ^ Duprey, Rich (November 5, 2019). "Altria Can't Escape E-Cig Woes As It Wipes $4.5 Billion Off Juul Investment". The Motley Fool (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  20. ^ PERRONE, MATTHEW (July 28, 2022). "Altria's $13B investment in Juul e-cigarettes vaporizes". ABC News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  21. ^ Craver, Richard (October 27, 2022). "Altria forms joint venture to access Japan Tobacco's Ploom heated cigarette in US". Winston-Salem Journal.
  22. ^ "Altria Completes Acquisition of NJOY Holdings, Inc.; Updates 2023 Full-Year Earnings Guidance". Bloomberg.com (in الإنجليزية). 2023-06-01. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  23. ^ US Securities and Exchange Commission, Altria Group, Inc. Annual report 2006

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