عدلون
عدلون هي احدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء صيدا في محافظة الجنوب، على بعد 17 كم جنوب صيدا. تشتهر بكهوفها وبزراعة البطيخ. It is also the site of a Phoenician necropolis and prehistoric caves where four archaeological sites have been discovered and dated to the Stone Age.[1] The evidence of human occupation of Abri Zumoffen (أو عدلون I) has been dated as far back as 71,000 BCE with occupation of Bezez Cave (Aadloun II) dating back even further into the earlier العصر الحجري القديم الوسيط السابق.[2]
عدلون
Aadloun | |
|---|---|
بلدة | |
 | |
  عدلون الموقع في لبنان | |
| الإحداثيات: 33°24′14″N 35°16′26″E / 33.40389°N 35.27389°ECoordinates: 33°24′14″N 35°16′26″E / 33.40389°N 35.27389°E | |
| البلد |  لبنان |
| المحافظة | محافظة الجنوب |
| القضاء | قضاء صيدا |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| الاسم البديل | Abri Zumoffen (Aadloun I), Bezez Cave, Mugharet el Bzaz (Aadloun II) |
|---|---|
| التاريخ | |
| الفترات | Yabrudian المبكرة (Acheulio-Yabrudian), Levalloiso-Mousterian, العصر الحجري القديم الأعلى، العصر الحجري الحديث الثقيل |
| الثقافات | العصر الحجري القديم، العصر الحجري الحديث، الفينيقية |
| ملاحظات حول الموقع | |
| تواريخ الحفريات | 1898, 1900, 1908, 1958, 1963 |
| الأثريون | Godefroy Zumoffen, Dorothy Garrod, Diana Kirkbride |
| الحالة | أطلال |
| الادارة | المديرية العامة للآثار |
| الاتاحة للعامة | No |
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المواقع التاريخية
عدلون I
Aadloun I or Abri Zumoffen is a low cave and terrace at the foot of a cliff near a beach. It was discovered and sounded by Godefroy Zumoffen in 1898, 1900 and 1908 who found material thought to be either Acheulean or Mousterian. Dorothy Garrod suggested similarities existed to a final Acheulean (or Yarbrudian) industry of Tabun E. Along with Diana Kirkbride, she re-opened excavations in 1958 with another season in 1963 and found a pre-Aurignacian (Garrod's Amudian) blade industry in the deposits.[3][4] D. A. Hooijer discussed the fauna of the site suggesting it included game animals and rhino.[5] Materials from the site are now in collections of the Saint Joseph University, Beirut and the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. The site is now owned by the Directorate General of Antiquities but the previous land owner carried out private digging that has spread deposits from the Aadloun II cave site over the area creating a false layer.[1]
عدلون II
Aadloun II, Bezez Cave or Mugharet el Bzaz is a cave on the east of the road heading to Tyre set into a cliff at an altitude of approximately 17 metres (56 ft) above sea level. It was first sounded with little result in 1898 by Godefroy Zumoffen. A major excavation was undertaken in 1963 by Diana Kirkbride and Dorothy Garrod who determined a sequence stretching through the Yarbrudian, Levalloiso-Mousterian, Upper Paleolithic and on into the Heavy Neolithic. Materials from the excavations were to be held by Saint Joseph University and the American University of Beirut. The site is owned by the Directorate General of Antiquities and a gate was fixed over the mouth of the cave for protection.[1] Three distinct levels were determined. Level C was called Acheuleo-Yarbrudian with materials found that resembled level E at Tabun Cave. Level B was called Levalloiso-Mousterian and compared with level D of Tabun. Level C encompassed the Upper Paleolithic and onwards.[2]
عدلون III
Aadloun III is a site approximately 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) south of Aadloun with a Chalcolithic (Enéolithique) industry that was found by P. E. Gigues.[1]
عدلون IV
Aadloun IV was found by P. E. Gigues on the terraces below the village near the caves that have been damaged by quarrying. Local farmers have recovered several fine Neolithic and Chalcolithic tools from this area that are held by Saint Joseph University. Dr. Gigues collection was held in Beirut by a relative who charged a fee for showing it after his retirement to Morocco.[1]
المواد المكتشفة
Lorraine Copeland made a collection of mostly Heavy Neolithic flints from the site in 1966. Amongst the finds were massive trapezoidal axes, chisels, a chopper, points, a pick, rough scrapers, blades, cores and hammerstones. The finds led Andrew Moore to suggest that Bezez cave was a factory site for such tools.[6]
أشخاص بارزون
- Mohamed Zein Tahan (born 1990), Lebanese footballer[7]
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج Copeland, Lorraine; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, pp. 63-64. Imprimerie Catholique. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ أ ب Copeland, Lorraine., The Middle Palaeolithic of Adlun and Ras el Kelb (Lebanon) : First results from a study of the flint industries, Paléorient, 1978, Volume 4, No. 4, pp. 33-57, 1978.
- ^ Garrod, Dorothy & Kirkbride, Diana., Excavation of a Paleolithic Rock-shelter at Adlun, Lebanon, Acts of the 5th C.I.S.P.P., Hamburg, 1958.
- ^ Garrod, Dorothy & Kirkbride, Diana., Excavation of Abri Zumoffen, a Paleolithic Rock-shelter near Adloun, in southern Lebanon, 1958, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth, volume 16, 1961
- ^ Hooijer, D.A., The Fossil Vertebrates of Ksar Akil, a Palaeolithic Rock-Shelter in the Lebanon, Zoloögische Verhandelgingen, 49, 1, 1961.
- ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. pp. 447–448.
- ^ "Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2020-11-23.
