جورج ڤيتيگ

جورج فيتيگ
Georg Wittig
وُلِدَ	(1897-06-16)يونيو 16, 1897 برلين, ألمانيا
توفي	أغسطس 26, 1987(1987-08-26) (aged 90) Heidelberg, West Germany
القومية	ألمانيا
المدرسة الأم	جامعة ماربورگ
عـُرِف بـ	Wittig reaction 1,2-Wittig rearrangement 2,3-Wittig rearrangement Directed ortho metalation Ate complex Hypervalent molecule Potassium tetraphenylborate
الجوائز	Otto Hahn Prize for Chemistry and Physics (1967) Paul Karrer Gold Medal (1972) [جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء]] (1979)
السيرة العلمية
المجالات	الكيمياء
الهيئات	جامعة ماربورگ TU Braunschweig University of Freiburg جامعة توبنغن
المشرف على الدكتوراه	Karl von Auwers
طلاب الدكتوراه	Werner Tochtermann, Ulrich Schöllkopf

گيورگ فيتيگ Georg Wittig هو كيميائي ألماني ولد في 16  يونيو 1897 وتوفي في 26 أغسطس 1987. هو مكتشف طريقة إنتاج الألكين من الألدهايد والكيتونات باستخدام مركبات تُدعى phosphonium ylides in the تفاعل ڤيتيگ. وقد تشارك في الحصول على جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء مع هربرت براون في 1979.

 السيرة

ولد في برلين لأب رسام وأم موسيقية. بدأ في دراسة الكيمياء في سنة 1916 في جامعة توبنجن. في 1920 واصل دراسته في جامعة ماربورگ. حصل على الدكتوراة في 7 مايو 1923. He was drafted and became a lieutenant in the cavalry of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). After being an Allied prisoner of war from 1918 until 1919, Wittig found it hard to restart his chemistry studies owing to overcrowding at the universities. By a direct plea to Karl von Auwers, who was professor for organic chemistry at the University of Marburg at the time, he was able to resume university study and after three years was awarded the Ph.D. in organic chemistry.

Karl von Auwers was able to convince him to start an academic career, leading to his habilitation in 1926. He became a close friend of Karl Ziegler, who was also doing his habilitation with Auwers during that time. The successor of Karl von Auwers, Hans Meerwein, accepted Wittig as lecturer, partly because he was impressed by the new 400-page book on stereochemistry that Wittig had written. In 1931 Wittig married Waltraud Ernst, a colleague from the Auwers working group. The invitation of Karl Fries brought him as professor to the TU Braunschweig in 1932. The time in Braunschweig became more and more problematic as the Nazis tried to get rid of Karl Fries and Wittig showed solidarity with him. After the forced retirement of Fries, in 1937 Hermann Staudinger offered Wittig a position at the University of Freiburg, partly because he knew Wittig from his book on stereochemistry in which he supported Staudinger's highly criticized theory of macromolecules. The foundations of carbanion chemistry were laid during Wittig's time in Freiburg.

في سنة 1937 عينه هرمان شتاودنغر في معهد فرايبورگ. في سنة 1944 أصبح بروفسورا في جامعة توبنجن.

In 1944 he succeeded the head of the organic chemistry department Wilhelm Schlenk at the University of Tübingen. Most of his scientific work, including the development of the Wittig reaction, was performed during this time in Tübingen. The 1956 appointment of the nearly sixty-year-old Wittig as head of the organic chemistry department at the University of Heidelberg as successor of Karl Freudenberg was exceptional even at that time. The newly built department and the close connection to the BASF convinced Wittig to take this opportunity. He worked at the University of Heidelberg even after his retirement in 1967 and published papers until 1980. Most of his awards were presented during this time at Heidelberg, such as the honorary doctorate of the Sorbonne in 1956 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979.

في سنة 1956 أصبح مدير كلية الكيمياء في جامعة هايدلبرگ. توفي في 26 أغسطس 1987 بهايدلبرگ.

حصل على جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء لسنة 1979 .

 أعماله

Wittig's contributions also include the preparation of phenyllithium and the discovery of the 1,2-Wittig rearrangement and the 2,3-Wittig rearrangement.

Wittig was well known in the chemistry community for being a consummate experimenter and observer of chemical transformations, while caring very little for the theoretical and mechanistic underpinnings of the work he produced.

 المصادر

• ويكيبيديا العربية
• Werner Tochtermann (1997). "Obituary: Georg Wittig (1897-1987)". Liebigs Annalen. 1997 (3): I. doi:10.1002/jlac.199719970303.
• Gericke, D (1979), "[Nobel prize for chemistry 1979 for the Wittig reaction as a basis for many-sided syntheses. Georg Wittig, 60th German Nobel laureate]", Fortschr. Med. 97 (43): 1958, 1964, 1979 Nov 15, PMID:389768, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/389768 

 وصلات خارجية

• The development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis.