المعرفة

تشارلز كرتس

This article is about the vice president of the United States. For أناس آخرون بنفس الاسم, see تشارلز كرتس (توضيح).

Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American attorney and Republican politician from Kansas who served as the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under هربرت هوڤر. He had served as the Senate Majority Leader from 1924 to 1929. A member of the Kaw Nation born in the Kansas Territory, Curtis was the first Native American and first person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach either of the highest offices in the federal executive branch.

تشارلز كرتس
Charles Curtis
Curtis in a three-quarters view profile, wearing a suit
كرتس في 1931
نائب رئيس الولايات المتحدة رقم 31
في المنصب
4 مارس 1929 – 4 مارس 1933
الرئيسهربرت هوڤر
سبقهCharles G. Dawes
خلـَفهجون نانس گارنر
Senate Majority Leader
في المنصب
28 نوفمبر 1924 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقههنري كابوت لودج
خلـَفهJames Eli Watson
Leader of the Senate Republican Conference
في المنصب
28 نوفمبر 1924 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقهOffice established
خلـَفهJames Eli Watson
Senate Majority Whip
في المنصب
4 مارس 1919 – 28 نوفمبر 1924
الزعيمهنري كابوت لودج
سبقهJ. Hamilton Lewis
خلـَفهWesley Livsey Jones
Senate Minority Whip
في المنصب
13 ديسمبر 1915 – 3 مارس 1919
الزعيم
سبقهJames Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
خلـَفهPeter G. Gerry
الرئيس المؤقت لمجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي
في المنصب
4 ديسمبر 1911 – 12 ديسمبر 1911
سبقهAugustus Octavius Bacon
خلـَفهAugustus Octavius Bacon
سناتور الولايات المتحدة
عن Kansas
في المنصب
4 مارس 1915 – 3 مارس 1929
سبقهJoseph L. Bristow
خلـَفهHenry Justin Allen
في المنصب
29 يناير 1907 – 3 مارس 1913
سبقهAlfred W. Benson
خلـَفهWilliam Howard Thompson
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas
في المنصب
4 مارس 1893 – 28 يناير 1907
سبقهCase Broderick (1st district)
John G. Otis (4th district)
خلـَفهDaniel Read Anthony Jr. (1st district)
James Monroe Miller (4th district)
الدائرة الانتخابية4th district (1893–1899)
1st district (1899–1907)
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد(1860-01-25)يناير 25, 1860
North Topeka, Kansas Territory, U.S.
توفيفبراير 8, 1936(1936-02-08) (aged 76)
واشنطن، دي سي، الولايات المتحدة.
المثوىTopeka Cemetery
القوميةAmerican
Kaw Nation
الحزبالجمهوري
الزوجAnnie Baird (ز. 1886; her death 1924)
الأنجال3
التوقيعCursive signature in ink

Based on his personal experience, Curtis believed that Indians could benefit from mainstream education and assimilation. He entered political life when he was 32 years old and won several terms from his district in Topeka, Kansas, beginning in 1892 as a Republican to the US House of Representatives. There, he sponsored and helped pass the Curtis Act of 1898, which extended the Dawes Act to the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory. Implementation of the Act completed the ending of tribal land titles in Indian Territory and prepared the larger territory to be admitted as the State of Oklahoma, which occurred in 1907. The government tried to encourage Indians to accept individual citizenship and lands and to take up European-American culture.

Curtis was elected to the US Senate first by the Kansas Legislature in 1906 and then by popular vote in 1914, 1920, and 1926. Curtis served one six-year term from 1907 to 1913 and then most of three terms from 1915 to 1929, when he was elected as vice-president. His long popularity and connections in Kansas and federal politics helped make Curtis a strong leader in the Senate. He marshaled support to be elected as Republican Whip from 1915 to 1924 and then as Senate Majority Leader from 1924 to 1929. In those positions, he was instrumental in managing legislation and in accomplishing Republican national goals.

Curtis ran for vice president alongside هربرت هوڤر for president in 1928—winning a landslide victory. In 1932, he became the first United States vice president to have ever opened the Olympic Games. However, when Curtis and Hoover ran together again in 1932 during the Great Depression, they lost as the public gave the Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and جون نانس گارنر a landslide victory that year. Curtis remains the highest-ranking enrolled Native American who ever served in the federal government. He is also the most recent officer of the executive branch to have been born in a territory, rather than a state or federal district. He remained the only mixed race vice president in American history until the election of Kamala Harris in 2020.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

الحياة المبكرة والتعليم

الزواج والعائلة

مجلس النواب (1893–1907)

مجلس الشيوخ (1907-1913 ، 1915-1929)

 
Senator Charles Curtis (R-Kansas), member of the Kaw Nation
 
Senator Curtis (right) with President Coolidge and Grace Coolidge on their way to the Capitol building on Inauguration Day, March 4, 1925


نائب الرئيس (1929-1933)

  • نائب الرئيس كرتس في صيف عام 1929

  • نائب الرئيس كورتيس ، يقف في مجلس الشيوخ ، 1929

  • Vice President Curtis receives a peace pipe from Red Tomahawk, slayer of Sitting Bull

  • Vice President Curtis (standing) presiding over the count of the Electoral College votes of the 1932 election

نائب الرئيس (1933-1936)

 
تمثال نصفي لنائب الرئيس تشارلز كرتس


الإرث والتكريم

انظر أيضا

المصادر

قراءات إضافية

  • Ewy, Marvin. "Charles Curtis of Kansas: Vice President of the United States, 1929-1933." Emporia State Research Studies 10#2 (1961) online.
  • Seitz, Don Carlos (1928). From Kaw Teepee to Capitol: The Life Story of Charles Curtis, Indian, who Has Risen to High Estate. Frederick A. Stokes Company.
  • Unrau, William E. (1989). Mixed-Bloods and Tribal Dissolution: Charles Curtis and the Quest for Indian Identity. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700603954.

روابط خارجية

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=تشارلز_كرتس&oldid=2869284"