المعرفة

بريشا

(تم التحويل من بريشيا)
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بريشا (Brescia ؛ /ˈbrɛʃə/,[2] also الأمريكي /ʔʃɑː,_ˈbreɪʔ/,[3][4] النطق بالإيطالية: [ˈbreʃːa]; Lombard: Brèsa [ˈbrɛsɔ, -hɔ, -sa]; لاتينية: Brixia; Venetian: Bressa) هي مدينة صناعية في شمال إيطاليا على بعد 92 كم من ميلانو جهة الشرق، ضمن إقليم لومبارديا وهي عاصمة مقاطعة بريشا.

Brescia
Brèsa  (Lombard)
Comune
Città di Brescia
Brescia - Duomo Nuovo visto dal castello.jpg
Brescia Piazza Loggia By Stefano Bolognini.JPG
Tempio Capitolino Piazza del Foro Brescia.jpg
Duomo vecchio e fontana a Brescia.jpg
Brescia (117).jpg
Tramonto su Brescia (Foto Luca Giarelli).jpg
Clockwise from top: Night view of Brescia with the New Cathedral and the Tower of Pégol (right), Capitolium (UNESCO Heritage), Castle of Brescia, Panorama of Brescia, Old Cathedral, Piazza della Loggia
علم Brescia
Flag
الكنية: 
  • Leonessa d'Italia ("Lioness of Italy")
  • La città della Mille Miglia ("The City of the Mille Miglia")
الشعار: 
Brixia fidelis ("Brescia faithful")
Location of Brescia
Brescia is located in إيطاليا
Brescia
Brescia
موقع Brescia في لومبارديا
Brescia is located in لومبارديا
Brescia
Brescia
Brescia (لومبارديا)
الإحداثيات: 45°32′30″N 10°13′00″E / 45.54167°N 10.21667°E / 45.54167; 10.21667Coordinates: 45°32′30″N 10°13′00″E / 45.54167°N 10.21667°E / 45.54167; 10.21667
البلدإيطاليا
المنطقةLombardy
المقاطعةProvince of Brescia (BS)
First settlement:
Celtic settlement:
Roman settlement:		1200 BC
7th century BC
89 BC
FrazioniFornaci, Sant'Eufemia, San Polo, Urago Mella, Sant'Anna, Mompiano
الحكومة
 • العمدةEmilio Del Bono ([[قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في إيطاليا|PD]])
المساحة
 • الإجمالي90٫3 كم² (34٫9 ميل²)
المنسوب
149 m (489 ft)
أعلى منسوب
874 m (2٬867 ft)
أوطى منسوب
104 m (341 ft)
التعداد
 (01-01-2019)[1]
 • الإجمالي200٬423
 • الكثافة2٬200/km2 (5٬700/sq mi)
صفة المواطنBresciano
Bresà (Brescian dialect)
Brescian (English)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+1 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+2 (CEST)
الرمز البريدي
25100
مفتاح الهاتف030
Patron saintSts. Faustino and Giovita
يوم القديس15 February
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.comune.brescia.it Edit this at Wikidata
The Capitoline Temple.
Piazza della Loggia, with its Venetian influences.

Founded over 3,200 years ago, Brescia (in antiquity Brixia) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times. Its old town contains the best-preserved Roman public buildings in northern Italy[5][6] and numerous monuments, among these the medieval castle, the Old and New cathedral, the Renaissance Piazza della Loggia and the rationalist Piazza della Vittoria.

The monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power.[7]

Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city.[8] The metallurgy and the production of machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance, along with mechanical and automotive engineering. The major companies based in the city are utility company A2A, steel producer Lucchini, firearms manufacturer Beretta, shotgun producer Perazzi, machine tools manufacturer Camozzi and gas equipment manufacturer Cavagna Group.

Nicknamed Leonessa d'Italia ("The Lioness of Italy"), Brescia is the home of Italian caviar, and is known for being the original production area of the Franciacorta sparkling wine as well as the prestigious Mille Miglia classic car race that starts and ends in the city. In addition, Brescia is the setting for most of the action in Alessandro Manzoni's 1822 play Adelchi.

Brescia and its territory was the "European Region of Gastronomy" in 2017.[9]

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التاريخ

التاريخ القديم

تاريخ العصور الوسطى

 
خريطة بريشا في مطلع القرن 18.
 
Piazza della Loggia.
 
Duomo Nuovo and Duomo Vecchio.

التاريخ الحديث

المزارات الرئيسية

الرياضة

المشاهير

معرض الصور

  • Sight of the city center

  • Crystal Palace, Brescia

  • Old and New Cathedrals in Brescia

  • Capitol Hill Temple, Brescia

  • Plant of La Rotonda (Cathedral)

  • Interior view of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church

  • Internal view of the Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie church

  • Internal view of the Santissimo Corpo di Cristo church

  • Former San Barnaba church

  • San Faustino in Riposo church

  • San Marco Evangelista church

  • Maggi-Gambara Palace

  • Private house

  • Martinengo Colleoni Palace

  • Beretta Palace

  • Tosio Martinengo Palace

  • Roman Theatre section

  • Piazza Duomo by night

الجغرافيا

 
Panoramic view of Brescia from the hills surrounding the city.

الطبوغرافيا

 
Panoramic view of the city from the south.

المناخ

بيانات مناخ Brescia
الشهر يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر اكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر العام
العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) 19.9
(67.8) 		22.0
(71.6) 		27.3
(81.1) 		30.6
(87.1) 		35.3
(95.5) 		38.0
(100.4) 		39.0
(102.2) 		38.4
(101.1) 		33.3
(91.9) 		29.0
(84.2) 		22.8
(73) 		17.0
(62.6) 		39٫0
(102٫2)
العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) 5.0
(41) 		8.5
(47.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		18.6
(65.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		27.8
(82) 		30.3
(86.5) 		29.4
(84.9) 		25.1
(77.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		11.6
(52.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		18٫2
(64٫8)
المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) 1.8
(35.2) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.6
(49.3) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.9
(75) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		8.1
(46.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		13٫7
(56٫7)
الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) -1.5
(29.3) 		0.3
(32.5) 		4.9
(40.8) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.7
(54.9) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.0
(50) 		4.5
(40.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		9٫1
(48٫4)
الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) -19.4
(-2.9) 		-14.6
(5.7) 		-9.3
(15.3) 		-2.5
(27.5) 		0.2
(32.4) 		5.2
(41.4) 		9.4
(48.9) 		8.1
(46.6) 		3.8
(38.8) 		-5.8
(21.6) 		-8.2
(17.2) 		-15.2
(4.6) 		−19٫4
(−2٫9)
هطول mm (inches) 63.9
(2.516) 		64.3
(2.531) 		71.0
(2.795) 		83.0
(3.268) 		104.9
(4.13) 		99.5
(3.917) 		86.3
(3.398) 		101.1
(3.98) 		72.8
(2.866) 		98.1
(3.862) 		87.0
(3.425) 		54.6
(2.15) 		986٫5
(38٫839)
% Humidity 86 81 75 76 73 71 72 72 75 79 85 86 78
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6.6 6.4 6.9 9.4 10 8.8 6.5 6.7 5.6 7.0 8.3 6.2 88٫4
Source #1: Archivio climatico Enea-Casaccia,[10] Ispra (precipitation)[11]
Source #2: Servizio Meteorologico (humidity 1961–1990 and extremes 1951–present recorded at Brescia Ghedi Air Base)[12][13][14]


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العلاقات الدولية

In Brazil there is a town called Nova Bréscia. This name was given by its first citizens, who were from Brescia.

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة

بريشا متوأمة مع:

القنصليات

Brescia is home to the following consulates:

انظر أيضا

وصلات خارجية

  1. ^ Bendinelli, Thomas (February 2, 2019). "Brescia supera i 200 mila abitanti Del Bono: sarà una città più viva". Corriere della Sera.
  2. ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
  3. ^ "Brescia" (US) and قالب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
  4. ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
  5. ^ "Italia langobardorum, la rete dei siti Longobardi italiani iscritta nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO" [Italia langobardorum, the network of the Italian Longobards sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List]. beniculturali.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2014-05-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ "THE LONGOBARDS IN ITALY. PLACES OF THE POWER (568–774 A.D.). NOMINATION FOR INSCRIPTION ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST" (PDF). unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  7. ^ ""Brescia: description of goods" on Italialangobardorum.it". Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  8. ^ Meneghello, Matteo (November 27, 2014). "Brescia remains Italy's industrial capital". italy24.ilsole24ore.com. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
  9. ^ Bandirali, Federica (July 13, 2015). "Anche Brescia nella Regione europea della gastronomia". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 2016-06-13.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Profilo climatico dell'Italia: Brescia" (in Italian). Ente per la Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente. Archived from the original on يناير 8, 2016. Retrieved يوليو 31, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "Media pluviometrica del trentennio 1961–1990 della stazione meteorologica di Brescia – Annali idrologici del Compartimento idrografico di Parma". Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. Archived from the original on يوليو 30, 2015. Retrieved يوليو 31, 2015.
  12. ^ "Brescia/Ghedi (BS)" (PDF). Atlante climatico. Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  13. ^ "STAZIONE 088-BRESCIA GHEDI: medie mensili periodo 61 – 90". Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
  14. ^ "Brescia Ghedi: Record mensili dal 1951" (in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare. Retrieved 2015-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ Tedeschi, Massimo (2008). Il palazzo e la città. Storia del Consiglio comunale di Brescia (1946–2006) (in Italian). Brescia: Grafo edizioni.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ^ "Bouaké official website". mairiebke.e-monsite.com (in French). Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  17. ^ "Official website of the UVICOCI-Union des Villes et Communes de Côte d'ivoire" (in French). Archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  18. ^ "Press coverage of the Municipality of Brescia". servizi.comune.brescia.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on أغسطس 8, 2014. Retrieved أغسطس 2, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften und Internationales". Büro für Städtepartnerschaften und internationale Beziehungen (in German). Retrieved 2013-07-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  20. ^ 友好城市 (Friendly cities) Archived يوليو 19, 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 市外办 (Foreign Affairs Office), 2008-03-22. (Translation by Google Translate.)
  21. ^ 国际友好城市一览表 (International Friendship Cities List) Archived نوفمبر 13, 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 2011-01-20. (Translation by Google Translate.)
  22. ^ 友好交流 (Friendly exchanges) Archived نوفمبر 12, 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 2011-09-13. (Translation by Google Translate.)
  23. ^ "Bethlehem Municipality". www.bethlehem-city.org. Archived from the original on أغسطس 25, 2014. Retrieved أبريل 3, 2014.
  24. ^ "Brescia, la jumelle italienne de Troyes" (in French). يونيو 12, 2016. Archived from the original on يونيو 14, 2016. Retrieved يونيو 13, 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  25. ^ "Consolato Albanese a Brescia | Italia". www.ambasciata.net.
  26. ^ "Home | Consolato Onorario della Repubblica del Ghana | Consolato Onorario della Repubblica del Ghana". www.consolatoghana.it.
  27. ^ "Consolato Onorario di Malta, Easydiplomacy.com".
  28. ^ "Distaccamento Consolato Moldavo presso la sede delle Acli bresciane". www.aclibresciane.it.
  29. ^ "Consolato Rumena a Brescia | Italia". www.ambasciata.net.
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