اول طيران
اول طيران لطائرة هو اول مرة تستطيع هذه الاخيرة التحليق بامكانياتها الخاصة. وهو مرادف في الطيران ل الابحار الافتتاحي لسفينة.
الطيران الاول لطائرة يكون عادة تاريخيا ولكنه ايضا يعد مرحلة دقيقة لان عمل الطائرة في الاجواء لا يكون معروفا بالكامل. يقوم بهذا الطيران عادة طياروا اختبار متمرس و يكون متبوعا عادة بطائرة اخرى لتسجيل مختلف المؤشرات كالسرعة و الارتفاع و غيرها, ...
الطيران الاول يدخل في مراحل صناعة الطائرات الجديدة. الا اذا كانت الطائرة نموذجا (كالــ اكس-45), ويجب على الطائرة ان تمر بعدة تجارب و اختبارات طيران لتفحص عملها و التاكد من ان معايير السلامة محققة. الطيران التجاري الاول يمكن القيام به بعد حصول الطائرة على تصاريح عدة منظمات حكومية, و بالخصوص الوكالة الاوروبية للسلامة الجوية و ادارة الطيران الفدرالية.
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أبرز أول طيرانات
قائمة غير كاملة لأول تحليق لأنواع طائرات بارزة، مرتبة حسب التاريخ:
- June, 1875 – Thomas Moy's Aerial Steamer, London, England (no pilot and attache)[1]
- October 9, 1890 – Clément Ader From Gretz-Armainvilliers, Ouest of Paris, France
- August 14, 1901 – Gustave Whitehead From Leutershausen, Bavaria
- May 15, 1902 – Lyman Gilmore From Grass Valley, California
- March 31, 1903 – Richard Pearse From Waitohi Flat, Temuka, South Island, New Zealand
- December 17, 1903 – Wright brothers Wright Flyer.
- March 18, 1906 – Traian Vuia, a Romanian engineer, flew in Montesson near Paris, France.
- October 23, 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont 14-bis flight, in Bagatelle park, Paris, France
- July 4, 1908 - Glenn Curtiss flew the first pre-announced public flight of a heavier-than-air flying machine. He flew 5,080 feet, to win the Scientific American Trophy and its $2,500 purse. Curtiss later received U.S. Pilot's license #1 from the Aero Club of America.
- July 28, 1935 – Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
- December 17, 1935 – Douglas DC-3.
- December 29, 1939 – Consolidated B-24.
- November 2, 1947 – Hughes H-4 Hercules. The only flight of this oversized flying boat.
- July 27, 1949 – de Havilland Comet. First jet airliner.
- August 23, 1954 – Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Military transport.
- May 27, 1955 – Sud Aviation Caravelle, first jet airliner with engines mounted in the tail.
- April 25, 1962 – Lockheed A-12 Blackbird. Supersonic spyplane.
- June 29, 1962 -Vickers VC10. First airliner with 4 engines mounted in the tail.
- April 9, 1967 – Boeing 737. Medium-range airliner.
- October 4, 1968 – Tupolev 154. Soviet/Russian airliner, still in operation.
- December 31, 1968 – Tupolev Tu-144. Soviet supersonic airliner.
- February 9, 1969 – Boeing 747. First widebody airliner.
- March 2, 1969 – Anglo-French Concorde. Supersonic airliner.
- September 19, 1969 – Mil Mi-24 Russian/Soviet-made helicopter used by many countries to this day.
- February 22, 1987 – Airbus A320 airliner, the first civil aircraft to have an all-digital fly-by-wire system.
- December 21, 1988 – Antonov An-225 Mriya. The jet with the longest fuselage and wingspan and overall heaviest aircraft.
- June 12, 1994 – Boeing 777. Long-range airliner with the most powerful jet engines ever made.
- April 27, 2005 – Airbus A380, doubledecker jetairliner, currently largest capacity in the world, took off from Toulouse–Blagnac Airport.
- December 15, 2006 – F-35 Lightning II – fifth-generation, stealth multirole fighter.
- December 11, 2009 – Airbus A400M Airbus first propeller plane.
- December 15, 2009 – Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the first major widebody airliner to use non-metal composite materials for most of its construction.
- January 29, 2010 – Sukhoi PAK FA, first Russian fifth generation fighter aircraft.
- February 8, 2010 – 747-8 first flight of freighter version of the stretched version of the Boeing 747.
- January 11, 2011 – Chengdu J-20, first flight of Chinese 5th generation fighter aircraft.
- March 20, 2011– 747-8, first flight of the intercontinental version of the stretched version of the Boeing 747.
- June 14, 2013 - Airbus A350 XWB first flight, took off from Airbus facilities at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport.
- September 16, 2013 - CS100 first flight taking off from Montreal-Mirabel Airport. Bombardier promises will be larger, quieter and more fuel efficient than anything in its commercial fleet.
- September 17, 2013 - Boeing 787-9 first flight taking off from Paine Field in Seattle, Washington.
الهامش
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بوابة الطـيـران تصـفح مـقـالات المعرفة المـهـتـمـة بالـطـيـران. |