إيڤ كوري

إيڤ كوري Ève Curie
كوري عام 1937.
وُلِد	إيڤ دنيس كوري (1904-12-06)ديسمبر 6, 1904 پاريس، فرنسا
توفي	أكتوبر 22, 2007(2007-10-22) (aged 102) مدينة نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة
الوظيفة	صحفية، عازفة پيانو
الجنسية	فرنسا (1904–2007) الولايات المتحدة (1958–2007)
التعليم	Collège Sévigné
أبرز الأعمال	مدام كوري (1937) رحلة بين المحاربين (1943)
جوائز بارزة	جائزة الكتاب الوطنية (1937) صليب الحرب جوقة الشرف (2005)
أبرز الأعمال	مدام كوري (1937) رحلة بين المحاربين (1943)
أبرز الجوائز	جائزة الكتاب الوطنية (1937) صليب الحرب جوقة الشرف (2005)
الزوج	هنري رتشاردسون لابويس الابن ​ ​ (m. 2019; died )​
الأقارب	ماري كوري (والدتها) پيير كوري (والدها) إيرين جوليو-كوري (شقيقتها)

إيڤ دنيس كوري لابويس (Ève Denise Curie Labouisse، فرنسية pronunciation: [ɛv dəniz kyʁi labwis]؛ و. 6 ديسمبر 1904 - ت. 22 أكتوبر 2007)، هي كاتبة، صحفية، وعازفة پيانو فرنسية-أمريكية. وهي الابنة الصغرى لماري كوري وپيير كوري. شقيقتها هي إيرين جوليو-كوري وزوج شقيقتها هو فردريك جوليو-كوري. عملت إيڤ كصحفية وكتبت السيرة الذاتية لوالدتها، مدام كوري، وألفت كتاباً تقريراً حربياً، رحلة بين المحاربين. منذ الستينيات، كرست إيڤ نفسها للعمل مع اليونيسف، مقدمةً المساعدة للأطفال والأمهات في البلدان النامية. كانت إيڤ العضو الوحيد في عائلتها الذي لم يختر مهنة العالم ولم يفز بجائزة نوبل، على الرغم من أن زوجها، هنري رتشاردسون لابويس الابن، حصل على جائزة نوبل للسلام عام 1965 نيابةً عن اليونيسف، مُكملاً بذلك إرث عائلة كوري، الحائزة على جائزة نوبل، والتي تضم خمسة فائزين بالجائزة.

 النشأة

إيڤ، ماري، وإيرين كوري عام 1908.

Ève Denise Curie was born in Paris, France, on December 6, 1904. She was the younger daughter of the scientists Marie and Pierre Curie, who also had another daughter Irène (born 1897). Ève did not know her father, who died in 1906 in an accident, run over by a horse cart. After this accident, Marie Curie accepted her husband's teaching position at La Sorbonne. Her father-in-law, Dr. Eugène Curie, moved in with the family when his wife died, and he took care of the children while Pierre and Marie, and then Marie only, went to work. When he died in 1910, Marie Curie remained alone to bring up her daughters with the help of governesses. Ève later said that as a child she had suffered from a lack of sufficient attention of her mother and only later, in her teens, she developed a stronger emotional bond with her. Marie took great care for the education and development of interests of both her daughters. Irène followed in her mother's footsteps and became an eminent scientist (she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie in 1935), while Ève showed more artistic and literary interests. Even as a child she displayed a particular talent for music.

Whatever the weather, they went on long walks and rode on bikes. They went swimming in summer, and Marie had gymnastics equipment installed in the garden of their house in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Ève and Irène also learned sewing, gardening and cooking.

Although the girls were French nationals (Ève later became an American citizen), and their first language was French, they were familiar with their Polish origins and spoke Polish. In 1911 they visited Poland (the southern part, which was then under Austrian rule). During this visit, they rode horses and hiked in the mountains.

 سنوات الشباب

In 1921, Ève set off on her first journey across the Atlantic Ocean: that spring, she sailed with her sister and mother on board the ship RMS Olympic to New York City. Marie Curie, as a two-time laureate of the Nobel Prize, the discoverer of radium and polonium, was welcomed there with all due ceremony; her daughters were also very popular with American high society. Radiant at parties and joyous, Ève was dubbed by the press "the girl with radium eyes". During the trip Ève and Irène also acted as their mother's "bodyguards" – Marie, usually focused on research work and preferring a simple life, did not always feel comfortable facing the homage paid to her. While in the United States, Marie, Irène and Ève met President Warren G. Harding in Washington, D.C., saw Niagara Falls and went by train to see the Grand Canyon. They returned to Paris in June 1921.

Ève, like her sister Irène, graduated from the Collège Sévigné, a non denominational private high school in Paris, where she obtained her baccalaureate in 1925. Meanwhile, she also improved her piano skills and gave her first concert in Paris in 1925. Later, she performed on stage many times, giving concerts in the French capital, in the provinces and in Belgium.

After Irène married Frédéric Joliot in 1926, Ève stayed with her mother in Paris, taking care of her and accompanying her on trips throughout France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland. In 1932, they also accompanied the President of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Masaryk, on his trip to Spain.

Although she loved her mother, Ève had a quite different personality from her (and from her sister Irène). She was not interested in science, preferring the humanities. Unlike her mother, she was always attracted by refined life. Whereas Marie usually wore simple, black dresses, Ève always cared about smart clothes, wore high-heeled shoes and make-up, and loved shining at parties. However, both Ève and Irène nursed their mother with devotion until her death. Marie, ill with aplastic anemia, probably caused by her long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, died on July 4, 1934.

 بعد وفاة والدتها

After Marie Curie's death, Ève wrote a biography about her mother. She temporarily withdrew from social life and moved to a small flat in Auteuil, Yvelines, where she gathered and sorted documents and letters. In autumn 1935, she visited her family in Poland, looking for information about her mother's childhood and youth. The biography, Madame Curie, was simultaneously published in France, Britain, Italy, Spain, the United States and other countries in 1937.

Madame Curie was instantly popular and became a bestseller in many countries including the United States. In the U.S. it won the third annual National Book Award for Non-Fiction voted by the American Booksellers Association. There was a film adaptation in 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Greer Garson in the title role.

Ève became more engaged in literary and journalistic work. Apart from her mother's biography, she published musical reviews in the Candide weekly and articles on theater, music, and film in other Paris newspapers.

 الحرب العالمية الثانية

بعد اندلاع الحرب العالمية الثانية عام 1939، عيّن الروائي والكاتب المسرحي جان جيرودو، الذي أصبح مفوض الإعلام الفرنسي (Commissaire général à l'information) في العام نفسه، إيڤ كوري رئيسةً للقسم النسائي في مكتبه. بعد غزو ألمانيا لفرنسا، غادرت إيڤ پاريس في 11 يونيو 1940، وبعد استسلام فرنسا، فرّت مع لاجئين آخرين إلى إنگلترة على متن سفينة مكتظة، تعرّضت لهجوم من الطائرات الألمانية. هناك، انضمت إلى القوات الفرنسية الحرة بقيادة الجنرال شارل ديگول، وبدأت نضالها النشط ضد النازية، ما أدى إلى تجريد حكومة ڤيشي لها من الجنسية الفرنسية ومصادرة ممتلكاتها عام 1941.

إيڤ كوري في زي القوات الفرنسية الحرة، 1943.

أمضت إيڤ كوري معظم سنوات الحرب في بريطانيا، حيث التقت ونستون تشرشل، وفي الولايات المتحدة، حيث ألقت محاضرات وكتبت مقالات في الصحف الأمريكية (معظمها في صحيفة نيويورك هرالد تريبيون). وفي عام 1940، التقت إليانور روزڤلت في البيت الأبيض. واستلهاماً من هذه الزيارة، ألقت لاحقاً سلسلة من المحاضرات بعنوان "المرأة الفرنسية والحرب"؛ وفي مايو 1940، نشرت مجلة ذا أتلانتيك الشهرية مقالتها تحت العنوان نفسه.

من نوفمبر 1941 حتى أبريل 1942، سافرت إيڤ كوري كمراسلة حربية إلى أفريقيا والاتحاد السوڤيتي وآسيا، حيث شهدت الهجوم البريطاني على مصر وليبيا في ديسمبر 1941 والهجوم السوڤيتي المضاد في موسكو في يناير 1942. وخلال هذه الرحلة التقت بشاه إيران، محمد رضا پهلوي، وزعيم الصين الحرة، تشيانگ كاي-شك، الذي كان يقاتل اليابانيين، ومهاتما غاندي. أتيحت لها الفرصة عدة مرات للقاء أبناء وطنها، الجنود الپولنديون، الذين قاتلوا إلى جانب البريطانيين أو نظموا الجيش الپولندي في الاتحاد السوڤيتي.

نُشرت تقارير كوري من هذه الرحلة في الصحف الأمريكية، وفي عام 1943 جُمعت في كتاب رحلة بين المحاربين، الذي رُشح لجائزة پوليتسر للمرالسة عام 1944 (وخسرها في النهاية أمام إرني پايل). انتقدت مقالة نُشرت في عدد خريف عام 1943 من مجلة ذا راشن رڤيو كتاب كوري. أشاد الناقد، ميخائيل كارپوڤيتش، بأسلوبها الحماسي والمتعاطف في الكتابة عن الأشخاص الذين التقت بهم وأجرت معهم مقابلات في الاتحاد السوڤيتي. ومع ذلك، شعر كارپوڤيتش أن كوري لم تُصوّر الروس الذين وصفتهم بشكل مقنع. في كتابها رحلة بين المحاربين، كتبت عن محادثاتها مع أحد الأساقفة الروم الأرثوذكس، وراقصة باليه شهيرة، وجنرال في الجيش الأحمر، وعمال مصانع، وقادة شيوعيين محليين، وعلماء. اعتقد كارپوڤيتش أن حماس كوري المفرط شوّه حكمها ورؤيتها في كتابها.

بعد عودتها إلى أوروپا، تطوعت إيڤ كوري في السلك الطبي النسائي التابع للقوات الفرنسية الحرة أثناء الحملة الإيطالية، حيث رُقّيت إلى رتبة ملازم في الفرقة المدرعة الأولى الفرنسية. في أغسطس 1944، شاركت مع قواتها في إنزال پروڤانس جنوب فرنسا. مُنحت صليب الحرب تقديراً لخدماتها.

 بعد الحرب

After the liberation of France, Ève Curie first worked as a co-editor of the daily newspaper Paris-Presse from 1944 to 1949, but was also active in the political sphere. For example, she was responsible for women's affairs in de Gaulle's government, and in 1948 along with other prominent European intellectuals, she appealed to the United Nations for recognition of the state of Israel. In the years 1952–1954, she was a special advisor to Hastings Lionel Ismay, the first Secretary General of NATO. On 19 November 1954 she married the American politician and diplomat Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr., who served as the United States Ambassador to Greece from 1962 to 1965. Ève Curie became an American citizen in 1958.

 العمل مع اليونيسف

In 1965, Ève's husband gave up his job in the U.S. government when the Secretary General of the United Nations U Thant offered him the position of the executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF. Labouisse held this office until 1979, actively supported by his wife, who also worked for the organization and was often called "the First Lady of UNICEF". Together, they visited more than 100 countries, mostly in the Third World, which were beneficiaries of UNICEF's help. In 1965, Labouisse, accompanied by his wife, accepted the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to his organization.

 السنوات الأخيرة

After her husband's death in 1987, Ève lived in New York City. She had no children from her marriage to Henry Labouisse, but she had a stepdaughter, Anne Peretz (Labouisse's only daughter, born of his first marriage), and all of Anne Peretz' children considered her their grandmother and their children considered her their great-grandmother.

In December 2004, Ève Curie celebrated her one-hundredth birthday. On this occasion, she was visited in her New York flat by the Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan. She also received congratulatory letters from the Presidents of the United States – George W. Bush – and France – Jacques Chirac.

In July 2005, Ève Curie Labouisse was promoted for her work in UNICEF to the rank of 'Officier de la Légion d'Honneur' of the Republic of France – the country's highest decoration. She expressed thanks for the decoration, saying:

I feel honoured, I feel proud. I'm a little embarrassed because I don't think I deserve all those wonderful compliments, so I just don't quite know how to behave. But it's a really wonderful day for me and I will remember it for a very long time.

She sometimes joked that she brought shame on her family. "There were five Nobel Prizes in my family", she joked, "two for my mother, one for my father, one for [my] sister and brother-in-law and one for my husband. Only I was not successful ...".

Ève Curie died in her sleep on 22 October 2007 in her residence on Sutton Place in Manhattan. She was 102 years old. Ann Veneman, the executive director of UNICEF, said after her death:

Mrs. Labouisse was a talented professional woman who used her many skills to promote peace and development. While her husband headed UNICEF, she played a very active role in the organization, traveling with him to advocate for children and to provide support and encouragement to UNICEF staff in remote and difficult locations. Her energy and her commitment to the betterment of the world should serve as an inspiration to us all.

 وصلات خارجية

• Ève Curie's biography
• Ève Curie's in Encyclopedia of World Biography
• The Land of My Mother – Polish-American, color, documentary movie (1938) narrated by Eve Curie (1941) at YouTube
• Obituary from The Times, October 26, 2007
• Obituary from The Daily Telegraph, November 8, 2007
• Obituary from The New York Times, October 25, 2007
• Illustrated biography by Richard F Mould in English (PDF format)
• LIFE photo essay 'Doubleday Party for Eve Curie' 1939
• Time magazine cover featuring Eve Curie
• LIFE photo Captain Nolan tells Eve Curie her baggage was left behind in New York
• LIFE photo Eve Curie map reading with Frenchman Charles Rist on board Pan Am Clipper to Lisbon 1940
• LIFE photo Eve Curie leads the passengers off the Boeing 314 at Lisbon 1940
• LIFE photo Eve Curie dining with companions on the Lisbon bound Clipper 1940
• Works by or about إيف كوري at Internet Archive