المعرفة

تواپسى

(تم التحويل من Tuapse)

Tuapse (روسية: Туапсе́; أديغه: Тӏуапсэ ady) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. Population: 61٬571 (تعداد 2021)؛[12] 63,292 (تعداد 2010);[6] 64,238 (تعداد 2002);[13] 63,081 (تعداد 1989).[14]

Tuapse
Туапсе
Town[1]
Black Sea coast near Tuapse in November
Black Sea coast near Tuapse in November
علم Tuapse
Flag
درع Tuapse
Coat of arms
Location of Tuapse
Tuapse is located in كراي كراسنودار
Tuapse
Tuapse
Location of Tuapse
Tuapse is located in روسيا الأوروپية
Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse (روسيا الأوروپية)
Tuapse is located in البحر الأسود
Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse (البحر الأسود)
الإحداثيات: 44°06′16″N 39°04′38″E / 44.10444°N 39.07722°E / 44.10444; 39.07722Coordinates: 44°06′16″N 39°04′38″E / 44.10444°N 39.07722°E / 44.10444; 39.07722
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديKrasnodar Krai[1]
Founded1864[2]
Town status sinceca. 1896[2]
الحكومة
 • الكيانCouncil[3]
 • Head[5]Alexander Chekhov[4]
المنسوب
45 m (148 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[6]
 • الإجمالي63٬292
 • Estimate 
(2018)
62٬269 (−1٫6%)
 • الترتيب250th in 2010
 • Subordinated toTown of Tuapse[1]
 • Capital ofTown of Tuapse[1], Tuapsinsky District[1]
 • Municipal districtTuapsinsky Municipal District[7]
 • Urban settlementTuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[7]
 • Capital ofTuapsinsky Municipal District[7], Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement[7]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([8])
Postal code(s)[9]
352800–352803, 352808, 352859
Dialing code(s)+7 86167[10]
OKTMO ID03655101001
Town DayFirst Sunday of July[11]
الموقع الإلكترونيadm.tuapse.ru

Tuapse is a sea port and the northern center of a resort zone which extends south to Sochi.

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التاريخ

التاريخ المبكر

 
Map of Circassia in 1840.

Tuapse was a large center (native land) for the Shapsugs tribe[15] along other areas in Circassia, with about 10,000 speakers of the language living in Tuapse currently. The name of the town is itself Adyghe (literally meaning "two waters")[16] since Tuapse was part of historical Circassia and it became a part of Russia during the rule of Tsar Alexander I in 1801–1825.[بحاجة لمصدر]

قبل القرن الحادي والعشرين

The modern settlement dates back to 1838, when the Russian fort of Velyaminovsky was established in the area after this region became a part of Russia in 1829 by Treaty of Adrianople.[2] During the Crimean War, the Ottomans seized the fort and held it for two years (1857–1859). The village of Velyaminovskoye (Вельяминовское) was established here in 1864; it is the village that later became Tuapse.[2] Town status was granted to Tuapse in 1896.[2] During the Russian Empire, the town was the administrative capital of the Tuapsinsky Okrug.

The Soviets developed Tuapse as an oil terminal and depot. An oil pipeline from Grozny and Maykop was in operation by 1928, designed by Vladimir Shukhov. An oil refinery dates from the same period. No later than 1941, Tuapse's status was changed to that of a town of the krai subordination.[2]

During World War II, the German military attempted to seize the town during the Battle of the Caucasus, which caused major damage to Tuapse. The Germans took the port and reached the hills above. The port was involvedقالب:How with massacres related to the Katyn massacre[بحاجة لمصدر].

روسيا الاتحادية

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Ukrainian military attacked the port of Tuapse on 28 February 2023, causing a large fire at the Rosneft oil terminal, reportedly by two uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs). It was reported by Naval News that the reach of Ukrainian forces was growing with this long-range attack over 430 km (270 mi) away from Ukrainian-controlled territory.[17]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Tuapse serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Tuapse—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Tuapse is incorporated within Tuapsinsky Municipal District as Tuapsinskoye Urban Settlement.[7]

Geography

The town is situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi.

Climate

Tuapse has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).[18] Tuapse has warm to hot summers and cool winters with frequent rainfall year round.

Average Sea Temperature (1977-2006).[20]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average temperature 8.9 °C 8.0 °C 8.7 °C 11.0 °C 15.2 °C 19.5 °C 23.7 °C 25.0 °C 22.4 °C 18.8 °C 14.2 °C 10.7. °C


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Economy and transport

 
Express train Moscow—Adler leaving platform 1 of Tuapse station

Tuapse is home to the Tuapse oil terminal.

Tuapse is one of the key transport hubs of the Black Sea coast of the Russian Federation. The city's location determines its key importance to ensure a ground connection with the Spa capital of the country — the city of Sochi, and also makes an important item in the export commodities of the country (oil, fertilizer, coal, etc.).

There is a railway station in Tuapse.

Miscellaneous

 
The sea coast between Dzhubga and Tuapse.

The Russian Children Center Orlyonok (former All-Russian SFSR Young Pioneer camp) is located there. The world chess champion Vladimir Kramnik and 2005 Miss Universe winner, Natalie Glebova, were born in Tuapse.

Twin towns and sister cities

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Tuapse is twinned with:

References

Notes

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Азаренкова, А. С.; И. Ю. Бондарь; Н. С. Вертышева (1986). Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) (in الروسية). Краснодарское книжное издательство. p. 269.
  3. ^ Charter of Tuapse, Article 23
  4. ^ Official website of Tuapse Archived مارس 31, 2015 at the Wayback Machine [Head of the Town] (in روسية)
  5. ^ Charter of Tuapse, Article 22
  6. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved يونيو 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Law #745-KZ
  8. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). يونيو 3, 2011. Retrieved يناير 19, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  10. ^ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%D2[dead link]
  11. ^ Charter of Tuapse, Article 1.2
  12. ^ invalid reference parameter
  13. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (مايو 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved يوليو 25, 2008. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved ديسمبر 13, 2007. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ "История под ногами". Archived from the original on فبراير 22, 2014. Retrieved يونيو 29, 2012.
  16. ^ "Официальный сайт администрации города Туапсе - История". Archived from the original on مايو 2, 2012. Retrieved يونيو 29, 2012. Official Website of Tuapse (Russian)
  17. ^ Sutton, HI (مارس 8, 2023). "Ukrainian Attack On Russian Port In Black Sea Shows No Base Is Safe". Naval News. Retrieved مارس 8, 2023.
  18. ^ "Guwahati vs Tuapse Climate & Distance Between". guwahati.climatemps.com.
  19. ^ "Tuapse Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved مارس 29, 2013.
  20. ^ Tuapse Water temperature 1977-2006 Archived فبراير 18, 2013 at archive.today (in Russian), Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  21. ^ "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in الفرنسية). Archived from the original on أكتوبر 8, 2013. Retrieved ديسمبر 26, 2013.

Sources

External links

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