لسان أرضي

اللسان الأرضي salient هو نتوء مستطيل من كيان جيوسياسي، مثل كيان دون قومي أو دولة ذات سيادة.

خريطة ناميبيا تبين قطاع كاپريڤي، أحد أشهر الألسنة الأرضية في العالم، في شمال شرق البلد.

وبينما يماثل شبه الجزيرة في الشكل، إلا أن اللسان الأرضي لا يحيطه الماء من ثلاث جوانب ويرتبط بالبر الرئيسي الطبيعي. وبدلاً من ذلك، فإن حدود برية تحده من جانبين على الأقل ويمتد من كيان جغرافي أكبر لوحدة ادارية.

وفي الإنگليزية الأمريكية فإن مصطلح panhandle (أي مقبض الطاسة) كثيراً ما يُستخدم لوصف لسان بري طويل نسبياً وضيق، مثل الامتداد بأقصى غرب أوكلاهوما. وثمة أوصاف أقل شيوعاً، منها المدخنة chimney (إذا كان النتوء باتجاه الشمال، كما تفعل المدخنة من السقف، كما هو الطرف بأقصى شمال الڤرجينيات) و كعب البوت bootheel (إذا كان النتوء باتجاه الجنوب، مثل كعب بوت مزوري).

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الألسنة على مستوى الدول

أفريقيا

Far North Province within Cameroon

A map of the Congo Pedicle

Cibitoke Province, بوروندي
Far North Province, الكامرون
Congo Pedicle, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
Kongo Central, جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
Southern Red Sea Region, إرتريا
Gambela Region, إثيوبيا
Nimba County, ليبريا
Nsanje District, ملاوي
Kayes Region, مالي
Tete Province, موزمبيق
قطاع كاپريڤي، ناميبيا
Casamance, السنغال
Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, جنوب أفريقيا
Namorunyang State, South Sudan
النيل الأزرق، السودان
لسان وادي حلفا، السودان
Kagera Region, Tanzania

الأمريكتان

Misiones Province within Argentina

Misiones, الأرجنتين
رورايما، البرازيل
Southeast Ontario، كندا
Tatshenshini-Alsek Park^{[مطلوب توضيح]}, British Columbia، كندا
Southern Amazonas, كولومبيا
Southeast Guainía Department, كولومبيا
Petén, Guatemala
Tumbes Region, Peru
Southeast Alaska, Alaska, United States (see also Panhandles in the United States)
Amazonas, Venezuela

آسيا

Map of India showing the Seven Sister states in the northeast plus the smaller salient of Sikkim immediately to their west.

The 14 provinces of Thailand forming the salient of Southern Thailand.

Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan
Chittagong, Bangladesh
Rangpur, Bangladesh
Tanintharyi Region, Burma (Myanmar)
Parrot's Beak, Cambodia
Louroujina Salient, قبرص
Seven Sister States, India
سيكيم، الهند
Jerusalem corridor, Israel
Galilee Panhandle, Israel
Mafraq Governorate, Jordan
Phongsaly Province, Laos
Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan
Batken, Kyrgyzstan
Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia
North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng, and Ryanggang, together comprise the "panhandle" of North Korea^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}^[من؟]
Primorsky Krai, Russia
Sughd, Tajikistan
Southern Thailand, Thailand
Hatay Province, Turkey
Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan
Tây Ninh Province, Vietnam

أوروبا

Dutch Limburg shown within the Netherlands

Syunik, Armenia
Tyrol and Vorarlberg together comprise the western "panhandle" of Austria
Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vidin Province, Bulgaria
Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia
Cheb District, Czech Republic
Šluknov Hook, Czech Republic
Laatre, Viljandi County, Estonia
Enontekiö, Finland
Charleville-Mézières, France
Kakheti, Georgia
Western Thrace, Greece
Donegal, Ireland
Monaghan, Ireland
Province of Trieste, Italy
Dieveniškės Appendix, Lithuania
Briceni District, Moldova
Castelré, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands
Limburg, the Netherlands
Bogatynia, Poland
Bryansk Oblast, Russia
Galicia, Spain
Canton of Geneva, Switzerland
Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland
Bernina, Inn, Lugano, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts, Switzerland
Budjak, Ukraine

الألسنة دون القومية

The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.

الألسنة دون القومية في أفريقيا

Location of Cuvette Department within the Republic of the Congo. The southwestern arm is Okoyo District. The Kimongo District salient, in Niari Department, can also be clearly seen in the country's southwest.

Location of the Fatick Region within Senegal. Gossas Departement is the northeastern arm.

Tafraoui, ولاية وهران، الجزائر
جنوب غرب ولاية سعيدة، الجزائر
Northeastern Bié Province, Angola
Eastern Kgalagadi District, Botswana
Balé Province, Boucle du Mouhoun Region, Burkina Faso
Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region, Burkina Faso
Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi
Northern Muyinga Province, Burundi
Okoyo District, Cuvette Department, Republic of the Congo
Kimongo District, Niari Department, Republic of the Congo
Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea
Sitti Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Haut-Komo Department, Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon
Upper Denkyira West District, Central Region, Ghana
Télimélé Prefecture, Kindia Region, Guinea
Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region, Guinea
Western Isiolo County, Kenya
Eastern Al Wahat District, Libya
Southern Mzimba District, Northern Region, Malawi
Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region, Mauritania
Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region, Mauritania
Southeastern Tete Province, Mozambique
Gossas Department, Fatick Region, Senegal
Southern Uvinza District, Kigoma Region, Tanzania
Babati, Hanang, and Mbulu Districts, Manyara Region, Tanzania
Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe

الألسنة دون القومية في الأمريكتين

Guayas Province, Ecuador. Balzar and El Empalme Cantons form the northern arm of the province.

Venezuela's Barinas State. Andrés Eloy Blanco is the small western extension of the state, Arismendi is the larger eastern extremity. Páez, in Apure, lies immediately to the south of western Barinas.

Southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia
Whale Coast, Bahia, Brazil
Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil
Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Northwestern British Columbia, Canada
Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region, Chile
San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region, Chile
Western Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica
Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba
Southern Hato Mayor Province, Dominican Republic
Southern Samaná Province, Dominican Republic
Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province, Ecuador
Southeastern Napo Province, Ecuador
Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province, Ecuador
Southern San Miguel Department, El Salvador
Northern East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana
Norte, Jalisco, Mexico
Eastern Tabasco, Mexico
Southeastern Zacatecas, Mexico
Southern Zacatecas, Mexico
Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama
Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province, Panama
Mariato District, Veraguas Province, Panama
Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District, Suriname
Páez, Apure, Venezuela
Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela
Arismendi Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela

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مقابض الطاسات في الولايات المتحدة

Locations of panhandles within states of the USA


State	Largest city	Population	Area (sq mi)	المساحة (km²)	الكثافة السكانية (per sq mi)	Population density (/km²)
Alaska	Juneau	71,616	35,138	91,010	2	0.77
Connecticut	Stamford	224,284	96	250	2,336	902
Florida^*	Tallahassee	1,407,925	11,304	29,280	125	48
Idaho	Coeur d'Alene	317,751	21,013	54,420	15	5.8
Maryland^†	Frederick	492,950	2,194	5,680	225	87
Nebraska	Scottsbluff	87,789	14,258	36,930	6	2.3
Oklahoma	Guymon	28,751	5,687	14,730	5	1.9
Texas	Amarillo	427,927	25,887	67,050	17	6.6
Eastern West Virginia	Martinsburg	261,041	3,499	9,060	75	29
Northern West Virginia	Wheeling	132,295	601	1,560	220	85

One of the United States' best-known salients, the Florida Panhandle, extends westward from the peninsula, forming the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

^* This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.

^† This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington

Many people in the Pacific Northwest refer to the extreme northern section of Idaho's panhandle as "The Chimney", due to its resemblance to a chimney when viewed on maps.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Although Utah, like Nebraska, has a protrusion from its otherwise straight border, it is not usually considered a panhandle.