إنزيم اقتطاع
(تم التحويل من Restriction enzyme)
إنزيمات الاقتطاع إنگليزية: restiction enzymes هي الإنزيمات التي تقطع تتاليات الدنا عند مواضع محددة تعرف بمقرات الاقتطاع، وتوجد إنزيمات الاقتطاع لدى الجراثيم الذي يعتقد بأنه يقيها من غزو العاثيات وتستخدم تلك الإنزيمات كأدوات في الدراسات الوراثية والتشخيص الوراثي.
معجم إنزيمات الاقتطاع
الاقتطاع
The cutting of DNA at specific boundaries
Used by restriction enzymes to locate specific sequences of DNA on which to bind and subsequently cleave
The DNA sequence to which restriction enzymes bind
The DNA sequence that is cleaved by the restriction enzyme
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موقع التعرف
5'-GTATAC-3' :::::: 3'-CATATG-5' |
| A palindromic recognition site reads the same on the reverse strand as it does on the forward strand |
EcoRI digestion produces "sticky" ends,
whereas SmaI restriction enzyme cleavage produces "blunt" ends
الأنواع
النوع I
النوع II
Structure of the homodimeric restriction enzyme EcoRI (cyan and green cartoon diagram) bound to double stranded DNA (brown tubes).[1] Two catalytic manganese ions (one from each monomer) are shown as magenta spheres and are adjacent to the cleaved sites in the DNA made by the enzyme (depicted as gaps in the DNA backbone).
النوع III
المصطلحات
| اشتقاق الاسم EcoRI | ||
|---|---|---|
| الاختصار | المعنى | الوصف |
| E | Escherichia | genus |
| co | coli | species |
| R | RY13 | strain |
| I | First identified | order of identification in the bacterium |
أمثلة
| Enzyme | Source | Recognition Sequence | Cut |
|---|---|---|---|
| EcoRI | Escherichia coli |
5'GAATTC 3'CTTAAG |
5'---G AATTC---3' 3'---CTTAA G---5' |
| EcoRII | Escherichia coli |
5'CCWGG 3'GGWCC |
5'--- CCWGG---3' 3'---GGWCC ---5' |
| BamHI | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens |
5'GGATCC 3'CCTAGG |
5'---G GATCC---3' 3'---CCTAG G---5' |
| HindIII | Haemophilus influenzae |
5'AAGCTT 3'TTCGAA |
5'---A AGCTT---3' 3'---TTCGA A---5' |
| TaqI | Thermus aquaticus |
5'TCGA 3'AGCT |
5'---T CGA---3' 3'---AGC T---5' |
| NotI | Nocardia otitidis |
5'GCGGCCGC 3'CGCCGGCG |
5'---GC GGCCGC---3' 3'---CGCCGG CG---5' |
| HinfI | Haemophilus influenzae |
5'GANTCA 3'CTNAGT |
5'---G ANTC---3' 3'---CTNA G---5' |
| Sau3A | Staphylococcus aureus |
5'GATC 3'CTAG |
5'--- GATC---3' 3'---CTAG ---5' |
| PovII* | Proteus vulgaris |
5'CAGCTG 3'GTCGAC |
5'---CAG CTG---3' 3'---GTC GAC---5' |
| SmaI* | Serratia marcescens |
5'CCCGGG 3'GGGCCC |
5'---CCC GGG---3' 3'---GGG CCC---5' |
| HaeIII* | Haemophilus aegyptius |
5'GGCC 3'CCGG |
5'---GG CC---3' 3'---CC GG---5' |
| HgaI[2] | Haemophilus gallinarum |
5'GACGC 3'CTGCG |
5'---NN NN---3' 3'---NN NN---5' |
| AluI* | Arthrobacter luteus |
5'AGCT 3'TCGA |
5'---AG CT---3' 3'---TC GA---5' |
| EcoRV* | Escherichia coli |
5'GATATC 3'CTATAG |
5'---GAT ATC---3' 3'---CTA TAG---5' |
| EcoP15I | Escherichia coli |
5'CAGCAGN25NN 3'GTCGTCN25NN |
5'---CAGCAGN25NN ---3' 3'---GTCGTCN25 NN---5' |
| KpnI[3] | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
5'GGTACC 3'CCATGG |
5'---GGTAC C---3' 3'---C CATGG---5' |
| PstI[3] | Providencia stuartii |
5'CTGCAG 3'GACGTC |
5'---CTGCA G---3' 3'---G ACGTC---5' |
| SacI[3] | Streptomyces achromogenes |
5'GAGCTC 3'CTCGAG |
5'---GAGCT C---3' 3'---C TCGAG---5' |
| SalI[3] | Streptomyces albus |
5'GTCGAC 3'CAGCTG |
5'---G TCGAC---3' 3'---CAGCT G---5' |
| ScaI[3] | Streptomyces caespitosus |
5'AGTACT 3'TCATGA |
5'---AGT ACT---3' 3'---TCA TGA---5' |
| SpeI | Sphaerotilus natans |
5'ACTAGT 3'TGATCA |
5'---A CTAGT---3' 3'---TGATC A---5' |
| SphI[3] | Streptomyces phaeochromogenes |
5'GCATGC 3'CGTACG |
5'---GCATG C---3' 3'---C GTACG---5' |
| StuI[4][5] | Streptomyces tubercidicus |
5'AGGCCT 3'TCCGGA |
5'---AGG CCT---3' 3'---TCC GGA---5' |
| XbaI[3] | Xanthomonas badrii |
5'TCTAGA 3'AGATCT |
5'---T CTAGA---3' 3'---AGATC T---5' |
Key:
* = blunt ends
N = C or G or T or A
W = A or T
انظر أيضا
- Detailed articles about certain restriction enzymes: EcoRI, HindIII, BglII.
- List of restriction enzyme cutting sites
- Homing endonuclease
- List of homing endonuclease cutting sites
- Isoschizomer.
- Star activity
- Molecular weight size marker
الهامش
- ^ PDB 1qps Gigorescu A, Morvath M, Wilkosz PA, Chandrasekhar K, Rosenberg JM (2004). "The integration of recognition and cleavage: X-ray structures of pre-transition state complex, post-reactive complex, and the DNA-free endonuclease". In Alfred M. Pingoud (ed.). Restriction Endonucleases (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, Volume 14). Berlin: Springer. pp. 137–178. ISBN 3-540-20502-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ R.J Roberts, 1988, Nucl Acids Res. 16(suppl):271 From p.213 Molecular Cell Biology 4th Edition by Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudaira, Baltimore and Darnell.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Monty Krieger; Matthew P Scott; Matsudaira, Paul T.; Lodish, Harvey F.; Darnell, James E.; Lawrence Zipursky; Kaiser, Chris; Arnold Berk (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-4366-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Stu I from Streptomyces tubercidicus". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Shimotsu H, Takahashi H, Saito H (1980). "A new site-specific endonuclease StuI from Streptomyces tubercidicus". Gene. 11 (3–4): 219–25. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(80)90062-1. PMID 6260571.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
وصلات خارجية
عامة:
- MeSH DNA+Restriction+Enzymes
- Firman K (2007-11-24). "Type I Restriction-Modification". University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Goodsell DS (2000-08-01). "Restriction Enzymes". Molecule of the Month. RCSB Protein Data Bank. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Simmer M, Secko D (2003-08-01). "Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular Scissors for Specifically Cutting DNA". The Science Creative Quarterly. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
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قواعد بيانات:
- Roberts RJ, Vincze T, Posfai, J, Macelis D. "[[Rebase (database)|REBASE]]". Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Restriction Enzyme Database
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
برامج حاسوبية:
- Bikandi J, San Millán R, Rementeria A, and Garaizar J. "Restriction enzyme digest of DNA". insilico.ehu.es. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Palmer M. "WatCut". University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
An on-line tool for restriction analysis, silent mutation scanning, SNP-RFLP analysis
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Vincze,T, Posfai J, Roberts RJ. "NEBcutter V2.0". New England Biolabs Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Restriction enzyme finder
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Restriction enzyme digest of DNA software". BioPHP: PHP for Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Online tool, free source code
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - "pDRAW32". AcaClone software. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Freeware DNA cloning, sequence analysis and plasmid/DNA plotting software
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