ناپليون لوي بوناپرت
Napoléon-Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 – 17 March 1831) was King of Holland for less than two weeks in July 1810 as Louis II (هولندية: Lodewijk II). He was a son of Louis Bonaparte (King Louis I) and Queen Hortense. His father was the younger brother of Napoleon I of France who ruled the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland from 1806 to 1810. His mother was the daughter of Josephine de Beauharnais, Napoleon's first wife. His younger brother, Louis-Napoléon, became Emperor of the French in 1852 as Napoleon III.
| Louis II | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Félix Cottrau after Jean-Baptiste Wicar | |
| ملك هولندا | |
| العهد | 1 يوليو 1810 – 13 يوليو 1810 |
| سبقه | لوي الأول |
| تبعه | William I as King of Netherlands |
| Grand Duke of Berg | |
| العهد | 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
| سبقه | Joachim |
| الوصي | ناپليون |
| وُلِد | 11 October 1804 Paris, الامبراطورية الفرنسية الأولى |
| توفي | 17 مارس 1831 (aged 26) فورلي، الدويلات الپاپوية |
| الدفن | |
| الزوج | Charlotte Bonaparte |
| البيت | بوناپرت |
| الأب | لوي بوناپرت |
| الأم | Hortense de Beauharnais |
| ملكي styles of Louis II of Holland | |
|---|---|
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| أسلوب الإشارة | His Majesty |
| أسلوب المخاطبة | Your Majesty |
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السيرة
Napoléon Louis's brother, Napoléon Charles, died in 1807 at the age of four. On his death, Napoléon Louis became Prince Royal of Holland. It also made Napoléon Louis the second eldest nephew of Emperor Napoléon I, who at the time had no legitimate children, and he was his uncle's likely eventual successor. He lost this presumptive status on 20 March 1811 when his uncle's second wife, Marie Louise, gave birth to a son, Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte, who was styled the King of Rome and later the Duke of Reichstadt.
In 1809, Napoléon I appointed him as Grand Duke of Berg, a status he kept until 1813.
On 1 July 1810, Louis I of Holland abdicated his throne in favour of Napoléon Louis.[1] For the nine days between his father's abdication and the fall of Holland to the invading French army in July 1810, Napoléon Louis reigned as Lodewijk II, King of Holland.
When Napoléon I was deposed in 1815 after the Battle of Waterloo, the House of Bourbon was restored to the throne of France. Napoléon Louis fled into exile, but the Bonapartes never abandoned the thought of restoring the Napoleonic Empire.
On 23 July 1826 Napoléon Louis married his first cousin, Charlotte, who was the daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, eldest brother of Napoléon I. He and his younger brother Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte settled in Italy, where they espoused liberal politics and became involved with the Carbonari, an organization fighting Austria's domination of northern Italy.
On 17 March 1831, while fleeing Italy due to a crackdown on revolutionary activity by Papal and Austrian troops, Napoléon Louis, suffering from measles, died in Forlì.[2] Eventually, the Napoleonic Empire was restored by Napoléon Louis's younger brother, Charles-Louis, who became Napoléon III in 1852.
Napoléon Louis is buried at Saint-Leu-La-Foret, Île-de-France.
معرض صور
Portrait by François Kinson, c. 1810
With family and Emperor Alexander I of Russia at Château de Malmaison
Portrait with his father, Louis Bonaparte, by Jean-Baptiste Wicar
Posthumous portrait, 1858
Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg
Coat of arms of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte as King of Holland
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المراجع
- ^ Foissy, M. (1830). La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264 (in French). Paris: Vergne. p. 101.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Bresler 1999, pp. 94–95
ناپليون لوي بوناپرت وُلِد: 11 October 1804 توفي: 17 March 1831
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| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Louis I |
King of Holland 1 July 1810 – 13 July 1810 |
شاغر اللقب حمله بعد ذلك William Iبصفته King of the Netherlands |
| سبقه Joachim I |
Grand Duke of Berg and Cleves 3 March 1809 – 1 December 1813 |
Title abolished |
| الملكية الهولندية | ||
| سبقه Napoléon Charles Bonaparte |
Heir to the Dutch throne as Prince Royal of Holland 5 May 1807 – 1 July 1810 |
شاغر اللقب حمله بعد ذلك William Frederickبصفته Prince of Orange |