كراي كامتشاتكا

(تم التحويل من Kamchatka Krai)
كراي كامچاتكا
Krai
Камчатский край
علم كراي كامچاتكا
Flag
درع كراي كامچاتكا
Coat of arms
النشيد:
نشيد كراي كامچاتكا
البلدروسيا
المنطقة الاتحاديةالشرق الأقصى[1]
المنطقة الاقتصاديةالشرق الأقصى[2]
تأسست1 يوليو 2007[3]
المركز الاداريپتروپاڤلوڤسك-كامچاتسكي
الحكومة
 • الكيانLegislative Assembly[4]
 • Governor[6]ڤلاديمير إليوخين (بالنيابة)[5]
المساحة
[7]
 • Total472٬300 كم² (182٬400 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة10th
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[8]
 • Total322٬079
 • Estimate 
(2018)
315٬557 (−2%)
 • الترتيب76th
 • الكثافة0٫68/km2 (1٫8/sq mi)
 • Urban
77٫35%
 • الريف
22٫65%
منطقة التوقيتUTC+12 ([9])
ISO 3166 codeRU-KAM
لوحات السيارات91
OKTMO ID30000000
اللغات الرسميةالروسية[10]
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://www.kamchatka.gov.ru/

كراي كامتشاتكا (روسية: Камча́тский край، إنگليزية: Kamchatka Krai) هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا. وتحوي المدن والقرى التالية: پتروپاڤلوڤسك-كامچاتسكي، فيليوتشينسك، ييليزوفو. ويضم شبه جزيرة كامشاتكا.

Kamchatka Krai was formed on 1 July 2007, as a result of the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug, based on the voting in a referendum on the issue on 23 October 2005. The okrug retains the status of a special administrative division of the krai, under the name of Koryak Okrug.

The Kamchatka Peninsula forms the majority of the krai's territory, separating the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea in the Pacific Ocean. The remainder is formed by a minor northern mainland portion, Karaginsky Island, and the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea. It is bordered by Magadan Oblast to the west and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to the north. Kamchatka Krai is an active volcanic zone that is home to Kluchevskaya, the highest active volcano in Eurasia, and the Decade Volcanoes of Avachinsky and Koryaksky.

الجغرافيا

Kamchatka Krai occupies the territory of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland, the island Karaginsky and the Commander Islands. It is bounded to the east by the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean (a coastline of more than 2،000 كيلومتر (1،200 mi)) and to the west by the Okhotsk Sea (a coastline of approximately 2،000 km (1،200 mi)).

Mountain ranges: Sredinny Range (about 900 km (560 mi) long), Eastern Range (about 600 km (370 mi) long), and the Koryak Mountains, with the Ukelayat Range, Vetvey Range, Penzhinsky, Pahachinsky, Pylgin, and Olyutor ranges. Heights: Khuvkhoitun (2،613 m (8،573 ft)), Ledyanaya (2،562 m (8،406 ft)), Acute (2،552 m (8،373 ft)), Shishel (2،531 m (8،304 ft)), Tylele volcano (2،234 m (7،329 ft)).

The longest rivers are the Vyvenka, Penzhina, Talovka, Lakhacha, Apuka, Kamchatka, and Ukelayat.

The largest freshwater lakes are Kronotskoye, Talovskoye, and Palanskoye. A smaller lake Khalaktyrskoye Lake is located close to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Peninsulas: Olyutor Peninsula, Gavena Peninsula, Ilpinsky Peninsula, Ozernoy Peninsula, Kamchatskiy Peninsula, Shipunskiy Peninsula (ru), and the Yelistratova Peninsula.

Islands (NW-NE going clockwise): Verkhoturov Island, Karaginsky Island, the Commander Islands, Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai), Konus Island, Zubchaty Island, Rovny Island, Dobrzhanskogo Island, Vtoroy Island, Krayniy Island and Trety Island. Despite their proximity, the Kuril Islands are not part of Kamchatka Krai, falling instead under Sakhalin Oblast.

Kamchatka is located in a zone of volcanic activity, around 300 large and medium-sized volcanoes are located within its borders, 29 of which are active. This includes the largest volcano in Eurasia, Mount Kluchevskaya (altitude 4،750 m (15،580 ft)). Kamchatka's latitude is similar to that of Scotland, but its climate is rated as subarctic. Its also prone to monsoons, sweeping in from the Pacific Ocean.

الطبيعة

Lake Kronotskoye
Kambalny stratovolcano
Koryaksky volcano
Koryaksky volcano towering over Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Most of the peninsula is covered with forests of stone birch, while alder and cedar elfin are commonly found at higher altitudes. In central areas, especially in the Kamchatka River valley, widespread forests of larch and spruce can be found. In floodplains, forests grow with fragrant poplar, alder, Salix arbutifolia, and Sakhalin willow. In the second tier, undergrowth such as the common hawthorn, Asian cherry, Kamchatka rowan, and shrubs growing Kamchatka elderberries, Kamchatka honeysuckle, meadowsweet, willow shrubs, and many other species.

More than 14.5% of the territory of the Kamchatka Territory is specially protected. There are six protected areas of federal significance (three-state reserves, one federal reserve "South Kamchatka," two spa areas – "Resort Paratunka," "Malkinskie mineral waters"); four natural parks of regional significance ("Nalychevo," "Bystrinsky," "South Kamchatka," "Kluchevskoy"); 22 reserves of regional importance; 116 monuments of nature; four protected areas (landscape natural park "Blue Lake," Southwest and Tundra Sobolewski reserves).

Kronotsky Nature Reserve is a nature area reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remote Russian Far East, on the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.[11] It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of 10،990 km2 (4،240 sq mi).[11] It also has Russia's only geyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous volcanoes, both active and extinct. Due to its often harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the "Land of Fire and Ice".[12]

It is mainly accessible only to scientists, plus approximately 3,000 tourists annually who pay a fee equivalent to US$700 to travel by helicopter for a single day's visit.[12] Kronotsky Nature Reserve has been proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.[13]

المناخ

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Kamchatka Russia[14][15][16][17][18]
City July (°C) July (°F) January (°C) January (°F)
Klyuchi 20.7/11.1 69/52 -12.9/-20.4 9/-5
Kamenskoye 19.1/8.8 66/48 −20.8/−28.2 -5/-19
Ossora 16.4/9.3 62/49 −11/−20.1 12/−4
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 16.5/10 62/50 −4.4/−9.2 24/15
Bering Island 10.7/7.7 51/46 −2/−5.5 28/22

Legislative assembly

The legislative assembly was formed in 2007 after the merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug. It therefore replaced the Council of People's Deputies of Kamchatka Oblast (1997–2007) and the Duma of Koryak Autonomous Okrug (1994–2007).

The Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai is the presiding officer of that legislature:[19]

Name Took office Left office
Boris Aleksandrovich Nevzorov 2007 2011
Valery Fedorovich Raenko 2011 2021
Irina Untilova 2021 To Present

Administrative divisions

المقالة الرئيسية: Administrative divisions of Kamchatka Krai

Economy

The main industries in Kamchatka include fishing and forestry. Coal and other raw materials are extracted. Due to its geographical location near major shipping routes, it is a center for shipbuilding, ship repair, and related services.[20] There are also oil and mineral resources which are yet to be fully developed.[21]

The largest companies in the region include Kamchatskenergo (power distribution company with revenues of $257.1 million in 2017), Oceanrybflot (fishing company, $248.53 million), Morskoy Trast ($197.11 million), Amethystvoye Mining and Processing Combine (gold mine, part of Renova Group, $171.4 million).[22]

الديمغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
السنةتعداد±%
192634٬958—    
1939109٬300+212.7%
1959220٬753+102.0%
1970287٬612+30.3%
1979378٬491+31.6%
1989466٬096+23.1%
2002358٬801−23.0%
2010322٬079−10.2%
2021291٬705−9.4%
المصدر: بيانات التعداد

التعداد: 322,079 (تعداد 2010);[8] 358,801 (تعداد 2002);[23] 466,096 (تعداد 1989).[24]

  • المواليد (يناير-نوفمبر 2008): 3,673 (11.55 لكل 1000)
  • الوفيات (يناير-نوفمبر 2008): 3,554 (11.17 لكل 1000)[25]

الإحصائيات الحيوية لعام 2007

المصدر:[26]

  • المواليد: 3,931 (11.32 per 1000, 11.36 for urban areas & 11.20 for rural areas).
  • الوفيات: 3,863 (11.13 per 1000, 10.49 for urban areas & 13.63 for rural areas).
  • معدل الزيادة الطبيعي: +0.02% per year (+0.09% for urban areas & -0.24% for rural areas).

After nearly two decades, Kamchatka recorded a net natural population growth instead of decline in 2007. However in first half of 2008, the trend was reversed and population decline was observed again, partly due to an increased mortality rate among the rural population.

التركيبة العرقية

There were 110 recognized ethnic groups in the krai as of 2021. Indigenous peoples made up only 5% of the total population.[27]

العرق Population Percentage
Russians 233,198 88.3%
Koryaks 6,413 2.4%
Ukrainians 3,873 1.5%
Itelmens 1,910 0.7%
Evens 1,777 0.7%
Uzbeks 1,706 0.6%
Kyrgyz 1,407 0.5%
Tatars 1,351 0.5%
Kamchadals 1,311 0.5%
Chukchi 1,222 0.5%
Others 9,934 3.8%
  • 27,603 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[28]

الدين

According to a 2012 survey,[29] 31.2% of the population of Kamchatka adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4.4% are unaffiliated Christians, 0.8% are Orthodox Christians who do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. Two percent of the population adhere to the Slavic native faith or Siberian shamanism, 1.2% to Islam, 0.6% to forms of Protestantism, and 0.4% to Hinduism. In addition, 22.8% of the population declare themselves to be spiritual but not religious, 21% are atheist, and 14.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[29]

Religion in Kamchatka Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[29][30]
Russian Orthodoxy
  
 31.2%
Other Orthodox
  
 0.8%
Protestantism
  
 0.6%
Other Christians
  
 5.2%
Islam
  
 1.2%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
  
 2.4%
Spiritual but not religious
  
 22.8%
Atheism and irreligion
  
 21.0%
Other and undeclared
  
 14.8%

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (گوستاندارت of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  3. ^ Law #2-FKZ, Article 4
  4. ^ Official website of the Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai (بالروسية)
  5. ^ Президент подписал Указ «О досрочном прекращении полномочий губернатора Камчатского края» (بالروسية)
  6. ^ Charter of Kamchatka Krai, Article 13.3
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in الروسية). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  8. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in الروسية). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  10. ^ الرسمية في جميع أرجاء روسيا الاتحادية حسب الفقرة 68.1 من دستور روسيا.
  11. ^ أ ب Encyclopædia Britannica (2009) "Kronotsky Nature Reserve" (Archived 25 يونيو 2011 at the Wayback Machine). Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 12 March 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
  12. ^ أ ب Quammen, David (2009) Fragile Russian Wilderness: The Kronotsky Nature Reserve Is Best Appreciated From Afar Archived 16 مارس 2009 at the Wayback Machine, National Geographic, p.62, January 2009, Vol. 215, No.1
  13. ^ Wild Russia: Centre For Nature Conservation website Archived 7 مارس 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 11 March 2009
  14. ^ "CLIMATE Klyuchi". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  15. ^ "CLIMATE Kamenskoie". pogodaikilmat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  16. ^ "CLIMATE Ossora". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  17. ^ "CLIMATE Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  18. ^ "CLIMATE Bering Ostrovie". pogodaiklimat.ru. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  19. ^ "Законодательное собрание Камчатского края". Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
  20. ^ "Kamchatka Region". Kommersant. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  21. ^ Rahr, III, Guido. "Bountiful Breed". PBS. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  22. ^ Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО. СБИС (in الروسية). Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  23. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  24. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  25. ^ [1]
  26. ^ [2]
  27. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  28. ^ "Перепись-2010: русских становится больше". Perepis-2010.ru. 19 December 2011. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  29. ^ أ ب ت "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" Archived 22 سبتمبر 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Sreda, 2012.
  30. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27 August 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017. Archived.

المراجع

  • Государственная Дума Российской Федерации. Федеральный конституционный закон №2-ФКЗ от 12 июля 2006 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Камчатской области и Корякского автономного округа». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Constitutional Law #2-FKZ of July 12, 2006 On Establishing Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug).
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