المعرفة

مديرية هاي‌ديان

(تم التحويل من Haidian District)
لمعلومات عن other places called Haidian، انظر Haidian.

Haidian District (الصينية المبسطة: 海淀区؛ الصينية التقليدية: 海淀區؛ پن‌ين: Hǎidiàn Qū�) is a district of the municipality of Beijing. It is mostly situated in northwestern Beijing, but also to a lesser extent in the west, where it has borders with Xicheng District and Fengtai District.

Haidian
海淀区
District
Haidian District
Haidian District
Location of Haidian District in Beijing
Location of Haidian District in Beijing
الإحداثيات (Haidian government): 39°57′36″N 116°17′54″E / 39.9600°N 116.2983°E / 39.9600; 116.2983Coordinates: 39°57′36″N 116°17′54″E / 39.9600°N 116.2983°E / 39.9600; 116.2983
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityBeijing
Township-level divisions22 subdistricts
5 towns
2 townships
المساحة
 • الإجمالي431 كم² (166 ميل²)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • الإجمالي3٬281٬000
 • الكثافة7٬600/km2 (20٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
100080
مفتاح الهاتف0010
الموقع الإلكترونيbjhd.gov.cn

It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 2,240,124 inhabitants (2000 Census); however, in comparison to other districts, a higher percentage of its inhabitants do not have the governmental residential certificates for long-term residence, because Haidian District is where most universities are located and therefore many[كمية] of its inhabitants are university students.

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Sister cities

Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:[1]

South America

North America

Europe

East Asia


Administrative division

The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:[2]

Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010)[3] Area (km2)
Wanshou Road Subdistrict 万寿路街道 Wànshòulù Jiēdào 172,456 8.90
Yongding Road Subdistrict 永定路街道 Yǒngdìnglu Jiēdào 49,346 0.70
Yangfangdian Subdistrict 羊坊店街道 Yángfāngdiàn Jiēdào 127,134 6.61
Ganjiakou Subdistrict 甘家口街道 Gānjiākǒu Jiēdào 118,455 6.50
Balizhuang Subdistrict 八里庄街道 Bālǐzhuāng Jiēdào 135,984 4.40
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict 紫竹院街道 Zǐzhúyuàn Jiēdào 138,411 6.23
Beixiaguan Subdistrict 北下关街道 Běixiàguān Jiēdào 158,776 6.04
Beitaipingzhuang Subdistrict 北太平庄街道 Běitàipíngzhuāng Jiēdào 201,614 5.17
Xueyuan Road Subdistrict 学院路街道 Xuéyuànlù Jiēdào 243,307 8.49
Zhongguancun Subdistrict 中关村街道 Zhōngguāncūn Jiēdào 159,637 6.23
Haidian Subdistrict 海淀街道 Hǎidiàn Jiēdào 144,700 5.00
Qinglongqiao Subdistrict 青龙桥街道 Qīnglóngqiáo Jiēdào 128,887 15.50
Qinghuayuan Subdistrict 清华园街道 Qīnghuáyuán Jiēdào 51,785 2.70
Yanyuan Subdistrict 燕园街道 Yànyuán Jiēdào 37,548 1.84
Xiangshan Subdistrict 香山街道 Xiāngshān Jiēdào 28,535 25.37
Qinghe Subdistrict 清河街道 Qīnghé Jiēdào 139,752 9.37
Huayuan Road Subdistrict 花园路街道 Huāyuánlù Jiēdào 148,829 6.30
Xisanqi Subdistrict 西三旗街道 Xīsānqí Jiēdào 144,126 8.70
Malianwa Subdistrict 马连洼街道 Mǎliánwā Jiēdào 106,585 5.50
Tiancun Road Subdistrict 田村路街道 Tiáncūnlù Jiēdào 106,744 7.70
Shangdi Subdistrict 上地街道 Shàngdì Jiēdào 102,105 9.40
Shuguang Subdistrict 曙光街道 Shǔguāng Jiēdào 102,397 9.61
Wanliu Area (Haidian town) 万柳地区(海淀镇) Wànliǔ Dìqū (Hǎidiàn Zhèn) 28,062 41.90
Dongsheng (town) Area 东升(镇)地区 Dōngshēng (Zhèn) Dìqū 49,852 45.20
Wenquan (town) Area 温泉(镇)地区 Wēnquán (Zhèn) Dìqū 50,800 33.23
Sijiqing (town) Area 四季青(镇)地区 Sìjìqīng (Zhèn) Dìqū 170,579 40.83
Xibeiwang (town) Area 西北旺(镇)地区 Xīběiwàng (Zhèn) Dìqū 142,664 51.02
Sujiatuo (town) Area 苏家坨(镇)地区 Sūjiātuó (Zhèn) Dìqū 46,786 84.51
Shangzhuang (town) Area 上庄(镇)地区 Shàngzhuāng (Zhèn) Dìqū 44,814 38.45

History

Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.[4] It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing Dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.[5] The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.[6] Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine:

” Like Paris' Champs Elysées or New York's Broadway, Haidian is a celebration of a national myth: China's ability to change itself and become, once again, great among nations.[7] “

During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.[8]


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Transportation

The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road, 5th Ring Road and 6th Ring Road all run through the area.

Metro & light rail

Haidian is currently served by ten metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one light rail line:

Suburban Railway

Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR).

Government and infrastructure

 
Entrance to the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center

The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.[9] The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district.

The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.[10]

The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.[11]

The Ministry of State Security has facilities operating in the district.

Economy

 
Lenovo global headquarters
 
Xiaomi global headquarters

In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan,[12] with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).

A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.

  • Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.[13]
  • Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.[14][15]
  • Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza (الصينية المبسطة: 中钢国际广场؛ الصينية التقليدية: 中鋼國際廣場؛ پن‌ين: Zhōnggāng Guójì Guǎngchǎng�) in Haidian District.[16]
  • Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.[17][18]
  • Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building (物美商业大厦؛ 物美商業大廈؛ Wù Měi Shāngyè Dàshà�) in Haidian District.[19]
  • aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza (理想国际大厦؛ 理想國際大廈؛ Lǐxiǎng Guójì Dàshà�) in the Haidian District.[20]
  • China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building (紫玉写字楼؛ 紫玉寫字樓؛ Zǐyù Xiězìlóu�) in Haidian District.[21]
  • Sinovac Biotech[22]
  • The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC (北京民用飞机技术研究中心) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building (北京奥运大厦؛ 北京奧運大廈؛ Běijīng Àoyùn Dàshà�) in Haidian District.[23]
  • Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City (华润五彩城写字楼؛ 華潤五彩城寫字樓؛ Huárùn Wǔcǎi Chéng Xiězìlóu�).[24]
  • Nuctech.[25]
  • New Oriental[26]
  • Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6[27]
  • Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.[28]
  • ByteDance (developer of Douyin / TikTok) has its global headquarters on Zhichun Road (知春路), Haidian District.
  • Lenovo has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District.
  • Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.


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Education

Higher education

 
Peking University
 
The Beijing Olympic Building, which houses the headquarters of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education

Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:

Primary and secondary education

The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (الصينية المبسطة: 北京市教育委员会؛ الصينية التقليدية: 北京市教育委員會؛ پن‌ين: Běijīng Shì Jiàoyùwěiyuánhuì�), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.[29][30]

Institutions of secondary education

Private schools include:

Communities

Important areas in Haidian District

 
Overview of the Haidian District

Sports

The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.[32]

Gallery

Haidian's Technology hubs

Notes

  1. ^ These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" (地区).

References

  1. ^ "BEIJING HAIDIAN Foreign Affairs Office of Haidian District". Archived from the original on 30 يونيو 2013.
  2. ^ Harry's World Atlas
  3. ^ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
  4. ^ University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.
  5. ^ Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District Archived 12 سبتمبر 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.
  6. ^ Tang Yangkai (2008). "Haidian District::Beijing's 'Smart Reservoir'". Beijing Review (7).
  7. ^ Joshua Cooper Ramo (27 سبتمبر 1999). "HAIDIAN DISTRICT: China's Silicon Valley, 1999". Time. Vol. 154, no. 12. Archived from the original on 29 يناير 2001. Retrieved 4 مايو 2010.
  8. ^ Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" (Archive). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.
  9. ^ Home page in Chinese. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on 26 February 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"
  10. ^ Home. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on 12 July 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "
  11. ^ "解放军军乐厅_中国网". Archived from the original on 31 يوليو 2010.
  12. ^ 北京区域统计年鉴2018"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"
  13. ^ "IR Contacts Archived 26 ديسمبر 2008 at the Wayback Machine." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."
  14. ^ "Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."
  15. ^ "Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.
  16. ^ "Contact Us Archived 20 ديسمبر 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English Archived 29 أكتوبر 2012 at the Wayback Machine - Chinese Archived 6 أكتوبر 2012 at the Wayback Machine: "中国北京海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际广场" - See map and directions in Chinese Archived 6 يوليو 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ 版权声明. Youku. Retrieved 27 ديسمبر 2010. 北京市海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际大厦5层
  18. ^ "Contact Us." Youku. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Beijing 5th Floor, Sinosteel Plaza, 8 Haidian Dajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, China."
  19. ^ "Interim Report 2011." (Archive) Wumart. Retrieved on 12 October 2012. "ADDRESS OF HEAD OFFICE Wumart Commercial Building 158-1 West 4th Ring North Road Haidian District Beijing P. R. China" and "LEGAL ADDRESS IN CHINA Room 5610 1 Shixingdong Street Badachu HighTech Park District Shijingshan District Beijing The PRC"
  20. ^ "Contact Us Archived 12 أغسطس 2013 at the Wayback Machine." aigo. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address Archived 24 سبتمبر 2013 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市北四环西路58号理想国际大厦11层"
  21. ^ 联系我们. China Postal Airlines. Archived from the original on 22 يوليو 2011. Retrieved 18 نوفمبر 2012. 北京海淀区增光路55号紫玉写字楼11-14层
  22. ^ "Home (English)". Sinovac Biotech. Retrieved 6 مارس 2021. Add: No. 39 Shangdi Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C. 100085 - Chinese address: "地址：中国· 北京 海淀区上地西路39号北大生物城（100085）"
  23. ^ "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." (Archive) COMAC. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.
  24. ^ 联系方式 (Contact Us). Official website of Xiaomi (in الصينية المبسطة). Retrieved 17 مارس 2016.
  25. ^ "Contact Us". Nuctech Company. Retrieved 2 مارس 2021. NUCTECH COMPANY LIMITED Address: 2/F Block A, Tongfang Building, Shuangqinglu, Haidian District, Beijing PRC - Address in Chinese: "北京市海淀区双清路同方大厦A座2层"
  26. ^ "Contact". New Oriental. Retrieved 10 يناير 2022. No.6 Haidian Zhongjie, Haidian District, Beijing 100080 PRC - Chinese address: "北京市海淀区海淀中街6号新东方大厦9层"
  27. ^ "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"
  28. ^ "Contact Us". Everbright International. Retrieved 4 مارس 2019. Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC - Traditional Chinese address: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - Simplified Chinese address: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"
  29. ^ "联系我们" (Contact Us) (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"
  30. ^ Home page (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"
  31. ^ "Location." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on 7 June 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese Archived 14 يوليو 2014 at the Wayback Machine: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"
  32. ^ FIB Members Archived 17 فبراير 2016 at the Wayback Machine, read 20 February 2016

وصلات خارجية

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Haidian.

قالب:Haidian District

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