بودزونيد/فورموترول
بودزونيد/فورموترول، يُباع تحت الاسم التجاري سيمبيكورت Symbicort، is a combination medication used in the management of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[2] It contains budesonide, a steroid and formoterol, a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA).[2] It is not recommended for sudden worsening or treatment of active bronchospasm.[2] It is used by breathing in the medication.[2]
 | |
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Budesonide | Glucocorticoid |
| Formoterol | Long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist |
| البيانات السريرية | |
| الأسماء التجارية | Symbicort |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
| License data | |
| فئة السلامة أثناء الحمل | |
| مسارات الدواء | Inhaled[2] |
| رمز ATC | |
| الحالة القانونية | |
| الحالة القانونية | |
| المعرفات | |
| رقم CAS | |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| التركيب | C44H58N2O10 |
| الكتلة المولية | 774٫95 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Common side effects include throat pain, influenza, runny nose, and a yeast infection of the mouth.[2] There were concerns that the LABA component increases the risk of death in children with asthma, however these concerns were removed in 2017.[3] Therefore, this combination is only recommended in those who are not controlled on an inhaled steroid alone.[2] It is unclear if use of the combination is safe in pregnancy.[2] Both formoterol and budesonide are excreted in breast-milk.[4][5][1]
Budesonide/formoterol was approved for medical use in the United States in 2006.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[6] In the United States, as of 2017, the wholesale cost of an inhaler is about 30 USD.[7] In the United Kingdom the cost as of 2015 was about 35 pounds for a unit with 120 doses.[8] In 2016 it was the 77th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 10 million prescriptions.[9]
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الاستخدامات الطبية
Budesonide/formoterol is a combination inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonist (ICS/LABA) that has shown some efficacy to prevent asthma attacks.[10]
In people with asthma, budesonide/formoterol formulation for both maintenance and as-needed treatment reduces exacerbations better than as-needed formoterol or as-needed terbutaline. Nevertheless, it is unclear as to whether this strategy is better than increasing a maintenance dose of Symbicort or similar combined inhaler.[11]
The combination is approved in the United States only as a maintenance medication in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD).
الجرعات
Symbicort in the United States is a metered-dose inhaler and is available in 160/4.5mcg and 80/4.5mcg per actuation.
In the European Union, Australia, Canada, Israel, Saudi Arabia and elsewhere the combination is available as a dry powder inhaler in the following doses: 50/3 (40/2.25), 100/3 (80/2.25), 100/6 (80/4.5), 200/6 (160/4.5) and 400/12 (320/9), where the larger number is the dose per actuation of budesonide (in micrograms) and the lower number the dose of formoterol (also in micrograms).
الآثار الجانبية
الشائعة (1 بين 10 أشخاص)
- Mild throat irritation
- Coughing
- Hoarseness
- Oral candidiasis (thrush. significantly less likely if the patient rinses their mouth out with water after inhalations)
- Headache
Often mild, and usually disappear as the medication continues to be used:
الغير شائعة (1 بين 100 شخص)
- Feeling restlessness, nervous, or agitated
- Disturbed sleep
- Feeling dizzy
- Nausea
- Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
- Bruising of the skin
- Muscle cramps
نادرة (1 بين 1.000 شخص)
- Rash
- Itchiness
- Bronchospasm (tightening of the muscles in the airways causing wheezing immediately after use of the medication, which is possibly sign of an allergic reaction and should be met with immediate medical attention)
- Hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)
- Heart arrhythmia
نادرة للغاية (1 بين 10.000 شخص)
- Depression
- Changes in behaviour, especially in children
- Chest pain or tightness in chest
- Increase in blood glucose levels
- Taste changes, such as an unpleasant taste in the mouth
- Changes in blood pressure
أخرى
With high doses for a long period of time.
- Reduced bone mineral density, causing osteoporosis
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Slowed rate of growth in children and adolescents
- Dysfunction of the adrenal gland, which affects the production of various hormones
الحساسية
- Angioedema (swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, and/or throat. Difficulty swallowing. Hives. Difficulty breathing. Feeling of faintness)
- Bronchospasm (sudden acute wheezing or shortness of breath immediately after use of medication. The patient should use their reliever medication immediately.)[12]
التسويق
Budesonide/formoterol formulation was introduced in Sweden in 2000. It was approved for use in the United States in July 2006.[13] It is now[when?] approved for use in at least 70 countries, yielding global sales in excess of $1 billion in 2005, and now[when?] approximately $3.7 billion per annum.
There are several patents related to the drug; some of them are already expired.[14] It was initially marketed by AstraZeneca.
المصادر
- ^ أ ب ت Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ "Symbicort - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. September 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ "Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products - Long-Acting Beta agonists (LABAs) and Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS): Drug Safety Communication - Boxed Warning About Asthma-Related Death Removed". FDA. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ "Budesonide Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2018-08-09.
- ^ "Formoterol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2018-08-09.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "NADAC as of 2017-12-13". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 202. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2019". clincalc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ Vogelmeier, C; D'Urzo A; Pauwels R; Merino JM; Jaspal M; Boutet S; Naya I; Price D (November 2005). "Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy: an effective asthma treatment option?". European Respiratory Journal. 26 (5): 819–828. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00028305. PMID 16264042.
- ^ Klaus F. Rabe et al., Effect of budesonide in combination with formoterol for reliever therapy in asthma exacerbations: a randomised controlled, double-blind study, The Lancet,2006,368, 744-753
- ^ "PACKAGE LEAFLET:INFORMATION FOR THE USER Symbicort® Turbohaler® 200 micrograms/6 micrograms/inhalation, inhalation powder budesonide, formoterol fumarate dihydrate" (PDF). hpra.ie - Health Products Regulatory Authority (Irish state agency). July 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2018.
- ^ Haber, Gary (2006-11-19). "AstraZeneca banking on asthma inhaler". Delaware News-Journal (delawareonline).
- ^ https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-symbicort.html
وصلات خارجية
- "Budesonide / formoterol". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Symbicort- budesonide and formoterol fumarate dihydrate aerosol". DailyMed.
- "Budesonide Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus.
- "Formoterol Oral Inhalation: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus.