بني رزين، إسبانيا

لمعلومات عن the surname، انظر Albarracín (surname).

Albarracín
Municipality
Albarracín, in a meander of the Guadalaviar River, viewed from Torre del Andador.
Flag Coat of arms
Albarracín Location in Spain
الإحداثيات: 40°24′30″N 1°26′22″W
Country	إسپانيا
Autonomous community	Aragón
Province	Teruel
Comarca	Sierra de Albarracín
Judicial district	Teruel
الحكومة
• Alcalde	Daniel Úbeda Martí (2023) (PAR)
المساحة
• الإجمالي	452٫72 كم² (174٫80 ميل²)
المنسوب	1٬182 m (3٬878 ft)
صفة المواطن	Albarracinense, -a Albarriciense, -a Lobetano, -a
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	44100
Dialing code	978
Spanish Property of Cultural Interest النوع Non-movable المعيار Historic ensemble التوصيف 22 June 1961 الرقم المرجعي RI-53-0000030

بَنِي رَزِينٍ (كانت تسمى أيضا سَهْلَةُ بَنِي رَزِينٍ أو ابن رزين أو ابن الرَّزين أو السَّهْلَةُ أو شَنْتَمَرِيَّةُ الشَّرْقِ أو شَنْتَمَرِيَّةُ بالعربية، وهي بالإسبانية: Albarracín) هي بلدة في شرق إسبانيا، عاصمة الناحية الطبيعية جبال بني رزين، في مقاطعة طرويل التي تنتمي إلى منطقة أراغون ذاتية الحكم. استناداً على إحصاء عام 2007م يبلغ عدد سكانها 1075 نسمة. تتميز بني الرزين بجمالٍ معماري وطبيعي خلاب، فهي مصنفة منذ سنة 1961م كمعلم وطني.

 التسمية

تقع بني الرزين بالقرب من بلدة رومانية قديمة المسماة لوبِتوم. أطلق عليها المسلمون بعد غزو الأندلس اسم القَرْطَم، المنحدر من اسمها القلطي القديم أركافيدا. اسمها الحالي منتسب إلى سلالة بني رزين التي حكمت المنطقة أثناء عهد الطوائف. البعض ينسب اسم البلدة إلى اللغة القلطية القديمة: ألبا 'جبل' + راجين 'عنب أو كرمة'.

 اسم المكان

بني الرزين

The town is situated near the ancient Roman city of Lobetum. During the Visigothic period, it was named Santa María de Oriente. The Arabs referred to the area as Alcartam, likely derived from the earlier toponym Ercávida. It later came to be called Aben Razin, after a Berber family, from which its current name is thought to originate. The toponym stems from Ibn (Ben) Razin, the Taifa kings of Albarracín who ruled from the Andalusian civil war until the reign of Ibn Mardanīs, the Wolf King of Murcia. Thus, the name signifies "the place of the sons of Razin," though its official name until the 19th century was Ciudad de Santa María de Albarracín. Another theory suggests that "Albarracín" derives from the Celtic alb (meaning "mountain") and ragin ("vineyard" or "grape"), or from the anthroponym Razin.

 الجغرافيا

El Guadalaviar في بني رزين

Albarracín is surrounded by stony hills and the town was declared a Monumento Nacional in 1961. The many red sandstone boulders and cliffs surrounding Albarracín make it a popular rock climbing location, particularly for boulderers.

Albarracín demographic trend
	1857	1887	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1981	1991	2001	2006
Population	1,883	1,953	1,897	1,689	1,688	1,576	1,582	1,467	1,376	1,187	1,068	1,164	1,050	1,076

 التاريخ

The town is named for the Hawwara Berber dynasty of the Banu Razin which was their capital from the early eleventh century until it was taken by the Almoravids in 1104.

From 1167 to 1300, Albarracín was an independent lordship known as the Sinyoría d'Albarrazín which was established after the partition of the Taifa of Albarracín under the control of Pedro Ruiz de Azagra. It was eventually conquered by Peter III of Aragon in 1284, and the ruling family, the House of Azagra was deposed. The last person to actually hold the title of Señor de Albarracín was Juan Núñez I de Lara, although his son, Juan Núñez II de Lara continued on as the pretender to the title until 1300 when the city and its lands were officially incorporated into the Kingdom of Aragon.

Albarracín, tower of the كاتدرائية بني رزين والأسوار الشمالية (with Torre del Andador on top)

In the Middle Ages, a Jewish community was present in Albarracín, with the earliest written records indicating that Jews were living in Albarracín since before the 12th century. The community suffered from incidents of antisemitism until their expulsion in 1492, during the expulsion of the Jews.

صورة بانورامية للبرّاسين

 القرنان العشرون والحادي والعشرون

During the Spanish Civil War, battles erupted in the town between Republican and Nationalist forces, with control of the area shifting multiple times between the two factions. In July 1937, a Republican offensive targeted the town, marking the largest military confrontation there during the war. In a swift attack on July 8, Republican troops seized control of the town except for the town hall and cathedral, where military personnel and civilians who had taken refuge remained besieged. The Nationalists responded by sending reinforcements and successfully retook the town on July 13, expelling Republican forces.

The town has been a National Monument since 1961 and was awarded the Gold Medal for Merit in the Fine Arts in 1996. It is also nominated by UNESCO for World Heritage status due to the beauty and historical significance of its heritage.

Albarracín has been a member of The Most Beautiful Villages of Spain association since its founding.

 انظر أيضاً

• طائفة بني رزين
• Sinyoría d'Albarrazín
• Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín.
• Diocese of Albarracín (1577–1852).
• List of municipalities in Teruel

 معرض

• 
  City walls.
• 
  Typical narrow street in the village.
• 
  Cathedral.
• 
  Square in Albarracín.
• 
  Convento of Discalced Carmelites.
• 
  Pinares de Rodeno Forest near Albarracín.

 وصلات خارجية

• Albarracín on Diputación de Teruel (in إسپانية)
• Discover Albarracín, a great Mudejar town in Aragón, Spain (in إنگليزية)