نظائر الپلاتين
الپلاتين الطبيعي (78Pt) يتواجد في خمس نظائر مستقرة (192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt, 198Pt) ونظير مشع طويل العمر (عمر النصف 6.50×1011 سنة) (190Pt). كما يوجد 31 نظير مشع إصطناعي معروف، أطولهم عمراً 193Pt بعمر نصف 50 سنة. كل النظائر الأخرى لها نصف عمر أقل من سنة، ومعظمهم أقل من يوم.
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قائمة النظائر
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | كتلة النظير (u) |
عمر النصف[n 1] | نمط الانحلال[2][n 2] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 3] |
السپين والتجانس الإلكتروني |
التركيب النظائري الممثل (كسر مولي) |
نطاق التفاوت الطبيعي (كسر مولي) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| طاقة الإثارة | |||||||||
| 166Pt | 78 | 88 | 165.99486(54)# | 300(100) µs | 0+ | ||||
| 167Pt | 78 | 89 | 166.99298(44)# | 700(200) µs | 7/2−# | ||||
| 168Pt | 78 | 90 | 167.98815(22) | 2.00(18) ms | α | 164Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (rare) | 168Ir | ||||||||
| 169Pt | 78 | 91 | 168.98672(22)# | 3.7(15) ms | α | 165Os | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ (rare) | 169Ir | ||||||||
| 170Pt | 78 | 92 | 169.982495(20) | 14.0(2) ms | α (98%) | 166Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (2%) | 170Ir | ||||||||
| 171Pt | 78 | 93 | 170.98124(9) | 51(2) ms | α (99%) | 167Os | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ (1%) | 171Ir | ||||||||
| 172Pt | 78 | 94 | 171.977347(14) | 98.4(24) ms | α (77%) | 168Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (23%) | 172Ir | ||||||||
| 173Pt | 78 | 95 | 172.97644(6) | 365(7) ms | α (84%) | 169Os | 5/2−# | ||
| β+ (16%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
| 174Pt | 78 | 96 | 173.972819(13) | 0.889(17) s | α (83%) | 170Os | 0+ | ||
| β+ (17%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
| 175Pt | 78 | 97 | 174.972421(20) | 2.53(6) s | α (64%) | 171Os | 5/2−# | ||
| β+ (36%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
| 176Pt | 78 | 98 | 175.968945(15) | 6.33(15) s | β+ (62%) | 176Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (38%) | 172Os | ||||||||
| 177Pt | 78 | 99 | 176.968469(16) | 10.6(4) s | β+ (94.4%) | 177Ir | 5/2− | ||
| α (5.6%) | 173Os | ||||||||
| 177mPt | 147.4(4) keV | 2.2(3) µs | 1/2− | ||||||
| 178Pt | 78 | 100 | 177.965649(12) | 21.1(6) s | β+ (92.3%) | 178Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (7.7%) | 174Os | ||||||||
| 179Pt | 78 | 101 | 178.965363(10) | 21.2(4) s | β+ (99.76%) | 179Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (0.24%) | 175Os | ||||||||
| 180Pt | 78 | 102 | 179.963031(12) | 56(2) s | β+ (99.7%) | 180Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (0.3%) | 176Os | ||||||||
| 181Pt | 78 | 103 | 180.963097(16) | 52.0(22) s | β+ (99.93%) | 181Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (0.074%) | 177Os | ||||||||
| 182Pt | 78 | 104 | 181.961171(17) | 2.2(1) min | β+ (99.96%) | 182Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (.038%) | 178Os | ||||||||
| 183Pt | 78 | 105 | 182.961597(17) | 6.5(10) min | β+ (99.99%) | 183Ir | 1/2− | ||
| α (.0096%) | 179Os | ||||||||
| 183m1Pt | 34.50(8) keV | 43(5) s | β+ (99.99%) | 183Ir | (7/2)− | ||||
| α (4×10−4%) | 179Os | ||||||||
| IT | 183Pt | ||||||||
| 183m2Pt | 195.68(11) keV | >150 ns | (9/2)+ | ||||||
| 184Pt | 78 | 106 | 183.959922(19) | 17.3(2) min | β+ (99.99%) | 184Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (.00169%) | 180Os | ||||||||
| 184mPt | 1839.4(16) keV | 1.01(5) ms | IT | 184Pt | 8− | ||||
| 185Pt | 78 | 107 | 184.96062(4) | 70.9(24) min | β+ (99.99%) | 185Ir | (9/2+) | ||
| α (.005%) | 181Os | ||||||||
| 185mPt | 103.4(2) keV | 33.0(8) min | β+ (98%) | 185Ir | (1/2−) | ||||
| α (2%) | 181Os | ||||||||
| 186Pt | 78 | 108 | 185.959351(23) | 2.08(5) h | β+ (99.99%) | 186Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (1.4×10−4%) | 182Os | ||||||||
| 187Pt | 78 | 109 | 186.96059(3) | 2.35(3) h | β+ | 187Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 188Pt | 78 | 110 | 187.959395(6) | 10.2(3) d | EC (99.99%) | 188Ir | 0+ | ||
| α (2.6×10−5%) | 184Os | ||||||||
| 189Pt | 78 | 111 | 188.960834(12) | 10.87(12) h | β+ | 189Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 189m1Pt | 172.80(6) keV | 464(25) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
| 189m2Pt | 191.6(4) keV | 143(5) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 190Pt | 78 | 112 | 189.959932(6) | 6.5(3)×1011 y | α | 186Os | 0+ | 1.4(1)×10−4 | |
| 191Pt | 78 | 113 | 190.961677(5) | 2.862(7) d | EC | 191Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 191m1Pt | 100.67(2) keV | >1 µs | (9/2)− | ||||||
| 191m2Pt | 149.04(2) keV | 95(5) µs | (13/2)+ | ||||||
| 192Pt | 78 | 114 | 191.9610380(27) | Observationally Stable[n 4] | 0+ | 0.00782(7) | |||
| 193Pt | 78 | 115 | 192.9629874(18) | 50(6) y | EC | 193Ir | 1/2− | ||
| 193mPt | 149.78(4) keV | 4.33(3) d | IT | 193Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| 194Pt | 78 | 116 | 193.9626803(9) | Observationally Stable[n 5] | 0+ | 0.32967(99) | |||
| 195Pt | 78 | 117 | 194.9647911(9) | Observationally Stable[n 6] | 1/2− | 0.33832(10) | |||
| 195mPt | 259.30(8) keV | 4.010(5) d | IT | 195Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| 196Pt | 78 | 118 | 195.9649515(9) | Observationally Stable[n 7] | 0+ | 0.25242(41) | |||
| 197Pt | 78 | 119 | 196.9673402(9) | 19.8915(19) h | β− | 197Au | 1/2− | ||
| 197mPt | 399.59(20) keV | 95.41(18) min | IT (96.7%) | 197Pt | 13/2+ | ||||
| β− (3.3%) | 197Au | ||||||||
| 198Pt | 78 | 120 | 197.967893(3) | Observationally Stable[n 8] | 0+ | 0.07163(55) | |||
| 199Pt | 78 | 121 | 198.970593(3) | 30.80(21) min | β− | 199Au | 5/2− | ||
| 199mPt | 424(2) keV | 13.6(4) s | IT | 199Pt | (13/2)+ | ||||
| 200Pt | 78 | 122 | 199.971441(22) | 12.5(3) h | β− | 200Au | 0+ | ||
| 201Pt | 78 | 123 | 200.97451(5) | 2.5(1) min | β− | 201Au | (5/2−) | ||
| 202Pt | 78 | 124 | 201.97574(32)# | 44(15) h | β− | 202Au | 0+ | ||
- ^ البنط العريض للنظائر ذات نصف عمر أطول من عمر الكون (تقريباً مستقر)
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: اصطياد إلكترون
IT: الانتقال المتزامر - ^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (نصف عمر أطول من عمر الكون)
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 188Os with a half-life over 60×1015 years
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 190Os
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 191Os
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 192Os
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 194Os or double β− decay to 198Hg with a half-life over 320×1012 years
ملاحظات
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
الهامش
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|registration=ignored (|url-access=suggested) (help)
- كتل النظائر من:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|laysummary=ignored (help)
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|nopp=ignored (|no-pp=suggested) (help)
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
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