لستر فرانك وارد
لستر ف. وارد Lester F. Ward (و. 18 يونيو 1841 - ت. 18 أبريل 1913)، هو عالم نبات، عالم نبات عتيق، وعالم اجتماع أمريكي.[1] كان أول رئيس للجمعية الأمريكية لعلم الاجتماع.
لستر ف. وارد Lester F. Ward | |
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![]() لستر وارد. | |
وُلِدَ | لستر فرانك وارد يونيو 18, 1841 |
توفي | أبريل 18, 1913 | (aged 71)
المثوى | واترتاون، نيويورك |
الجنسية | أمريكي |
المدرسة الأم |
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المهنة |
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رب العمل | |
اللقب | علم النبات العتيق، علم الاجتماع، وطرح علم الاجتماع كتخصص للتعليم العالي. |
الزوج | إليزابث كارولين ڤوت (ليزي)؛ بعض المصادر تطلق عليها إليزابث كارولين بوت. |
الوالدان |
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كان أول من طرح فصول علم الاجتماع في التعليم العالي الأمريكي. كان يعتقد بأن بلمجتمع المدار علمياً جاذبية خاصة للمفكرين أثناء الفترة التقدمية. كان تأثيره في بعض الدوائر (انظر: الإنجيل الاجتماعي) متأثراً بآراؤه حول الكهنوت المنظم، والذي كان يؤمن بمسئوليته عن الشر أكثر من الخير عبر التاريخ الإنساني.
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حياته
السنوات المبكرة
التعليم لامبكر
الزواج والخدمة في الحرب الأهلية
الكلية
العمل البحثي والمسح الجيولوجي الأمريكي
جامعة براون - علم الاجتماع
أعمال وأفكار
المساواة النسوية
السياسة البيئية في الولايات المتحدة
تفوق البيض والعرق
اللاماركيانية
الإيجابية
نظرية الحرب والصراع
التأثير على السياسة الحكومية الأمريكية
يوميات وارد
اقتباسات
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المراجع
- Becker, Ernest; Escape From Evil; Free Press, reissue edition; 1985.
- John Chynoweth Burnham (1956). Lester Frank Ward in American thought. Annals of American sociology. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press.
- Samuel Chugerman (1939). Lester F. Ward, the American Aristotle: A Summary and Interpretation of His Sociology. Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 1258105985.
- Chriss, James J. (2006). "The Place of Lester Ward among the Sociological Classics". Journal of Classical Sociology. 6 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/1468795X06061282.
- Commager, Henry Steele (1950). "Lester Ward and the Science of Society". The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880's. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300000464.
- Commager, Henry Steele, ed.; Lester Ward and the Welfare State. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967.
- Coser, Lewis; A History of Sociological Analysis, Basic Books, New York http://www.sociology.ccsu.edu/adair/american_trends_by_lewis_coser.htm
- Dahms,Harry F.; Lester F. Ward http://web.utk.edu/~hdahms/Ward.pdf
- Finlay, Barbara; Lester Frank Ward as a Sociologist Of Gender: A New Look at His Sociological Work; Gender & Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, 251-265 (1999) http://gas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2/251
- Gossett, Thomas F.; Race: The History of an Idea in America, pg. 160 http://books.google.com/books?id=WUucYTW6ug0C&pg=PP1&dq=Race:+the+history+of+an+idea+in+America&client=opera#v=onepage&q=&f=false
- Harp, Gillis J.; Positivist Republic, Ch. 5 "Lester F. Ward: Positivist Whig" http://books.google.com/books?id=8M_6u9DO7PwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0
- Hofstadter, Richard.; Social Darwinism in American Thought, Chapter 4, (original 1944, 1955; reprint Boston: Beacon Press, 1992). http://books.google.com/books?id=Ty8aEmWc_ekC&dq=Social+Darwinism+in+American+Thought&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=ahuvSd3ENJ6DtwfatZn-BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result
- Largey, Gale; Lester Ward: A Global Sociologist http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/3/7/7/0/pages237708/p237708-1.php
- Mers, Adelheid; Fusion http://adelheidmers.org/aweb/fusion.pdf
- Perlstadt,Harry; Applied Sociology as Translational Research: A One Hundred Fifty Year Voyage http://www.msu.edu/~perlstad/History_Applied_Sociology_H_Perlstadt_Jun_05.pdf
- Rafferty, Edward C.; Apostle of Human Progress. Lester Frank Ward and American Political Thought, 1841/1913. http://books.google.com/books?id=4Q_5F1gu-mMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
- Ravitch, Diane; Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms; Simon & Schuster; Chapter one: The Educational Ladder http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/r/ravitch-back.html
- Ross, John R.; Man over Nature: the origins of the conservation movement https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/amerstud/article/view/2348/2307
- Ross, Dorthy; The Origins of American Social Science; Cambridge University Press http://books.google.com/books?id=rg4blh6xmhIC&pg=PA85&dq=%22beginnings+of+sociology%22+Dorothy+Ross&num=50&client=opera&sig=ACfU3U3yskKN_N59SPWMHWZttxk4Oo48MQ
- Seidelman,Raymond and Harpham, Edward J.; Disenchanted Realists: Political Science and the American Crisis, 1884–1984; pg. 26 http://books.google.com/books?id=09-ZDrzUz-gC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0
- Wood, Clement; The Sociology Of Lester F Ward https://archive.org/details/sociologyofleste033176mbp
أعمال مختارة
1880-1889
- Ward, Lester F. (1881). "Guide to the Flora of Washington, D.C and Vicinity". http://books.google.ca. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 26 (22): 363–469.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1883). Dynamic Sociology (Vol. 1). Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. Vol. Vol. 1 of 2. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1885). "Sketch of Paleobotany". http://www.archive.org. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Extract from the Fifth Annual Report of the Director, 1883-'84. Washington: Washington Printing Office. ?? (??): 363–469.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1885). "Synopsis of the Flora of the Laramie Group". http://www.archive.org. Chicago: U.S. Geological Survey. 6: 399–557.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1887). "Types of the Laramie Flora". http://archive.org. Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum - Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Washington: Washington Printing Office. ?? (37): 363–469.
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1890-1899
- Ward, Lester F. (1891). Neo-Darwinism and Neo-Lamarckism. Washington: Gedney & Roberts Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1893). The Psycic Factors of Civilization. Boston: Ginn & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. II. Sociology and Cosmology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 2. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 132–145.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. III. Sociology and Biology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 3. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 313–326.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1895). Contributions to Social Philosophy. IV. Sociology and Anthropology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 4. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 426–433.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. V. Sociology and Psychology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 5. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 618–632.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VI. The Data of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 1, No. 6. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 738–752.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VII. The Social Forces. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 1. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 82–95.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. VIII. The Mechanics of Society. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 2. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 234–254.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1896). Contributions to Social Philosophy. IX. The Purpose of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 3. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 446–460.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. X. Social Genesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 4. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 532–546.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. XI. Individual Telesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 5. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 699–717.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Contributions to Social Philosophy. XII. Collective Telesis. Vol. Vol. 2, No. 6. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 801–822.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1897). Dynamic Sociology (Vol. 2). Or Applied social science as based upon statical sociology and the less complex sciences. Vol. Vol. 2 of 2. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1898). Outlines of Sociology. London: The Macmillan Co.
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1900-1909
- Ward, Lester F. (January 1902). "Contemporary Sociology, I-IV (Part 1 of 3)". http://www.archive.org. American Journal of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 7 (4).
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- Ward, Lester F. (March 1902). "Contemporary Sociology, V-VIII (Part 2 of 3)". http://www.archive.org. American Journal of Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 7 (5): 629–658.
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- Ward, Lester F. (May 1902). Contemporary Sociology, IX-XII (Part 3 of 3). American Journal of Sociology. Vol. Vol. 7. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 749–762.
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- (1903) Pure Sociology. A Treatise on the Origin and Spontaneous Development of Society. (2,625 KB - PDF)
- Ward, Lester F. (1905). "Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States, Vol. 1". http://www.archive.org. Monographs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 48 (Part 1 - Text): 5–616.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1905). "Status of the Mesozoic floras of the United States, Vol. 2". http://www.archive.org. Monographs of the U.S. Geological Survey. Washington: Washington Printing Office. 48 (Part 2 - Plates): ~500pp.
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- Dealey, James Q.; Ward, Lester F. (1905). A Text-Book of Sociology. London: The Macmillan Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1906). Applied Sociology. A Treatise on the Conscious Improvement of Society by Society. New York, et al: Ginn & Co.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1908). Social Classes in the Light of Modern Sociological Theory. Vol. Vol. 13. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 617–627.
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1910-1919
- Ward, Lester F. (1913). Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics. Chicago: American Journal of Sociology. pp. 737–754.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 1. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 2. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 3. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 4. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 5. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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- Ward, Lester F. (1913–1918). Glimpses of the Cosmos, Vol. 6. Vol. 6 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
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انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "WARD, Lester Frank". The International Who's Who in the World: p. 1067. 1912.
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قراءات إضافية
مراجع أساسية
- Commager, Henry Steele, ed., Lester Frank Ward and the Welfare State (1967), major writings by Ward, and long introduction by Commager
- Stern, Bernhard J. ed. Young Ward's Diary: A Human and Eager Record of the Years Between 1860 and 1870 as They Were Lived in the Vicinity of the Little Town of Towanda, Pennsylvania; in the Field as a Rank and File Soldier in the Union Army; and Later in the Nation's Capital, by Lester Ward Who became the First Great Sociologist This Country Produced (1935)
مراجع ثانوية
- Bannister, Robert. Sociology and Scientism: The American Quest for Objectivity, 1880-1940 (1987), pp 13–31.
- Burnham, John C. "Lester Frank Ward as Natural Scientist," American Quarterly 1954 6#3 pp. 259–265 in JSTOR
- Chugerman, Samuel. Lester F. Ward, the American Aristotle: A Summary and Interpretation of His Sociology (Duke University Press, 1939)
- Fine, Sidney. Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865-1901 (1956), pp 252–88
- Muccigrosso, Robert, ed. Research Guide to American Historical Biography (1988) 3:1570-4
- Nelson, Alvin F. "Lester Ward's Conception of the Nature of Science," Journal of the History of Ideas (1972) 33#4 pp. 633–638 in JSTOR
- Scott, Clifford H. Lester Frank Ward (1976)
وصلات هارجية
مراجع أساسية
- Guide to the Lester Frank Ward Collection, 1860-1913, Brown University Library Collections
- Guide to the Lester Frank Ward Papers, 1883-1919, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, the George Washington University
- Smithsonian Institution Archives. "Lester Frank Ward Papers, 1882–1913, with Related Materials to Circa 1965". http://collections.si.edu. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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- Lester Ward (search of Archive.org). "Internet Archive Search: Ward, Lester". https://archive.org/. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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مراجع ثانوية
- Ralf Schreyer. "Lester Frank Ward: Sociology - Primary Resources". http://www.geocities.ws/ralf_schreyer. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
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- The Sunday Review; Towanda, Pennsylvania
- Short biography
- A Lester Ward web site
- Public Sociology website
- Mansfield professor makes documentary on Lester Frank Ward
سبقه — |
رئيس الجمعية الأمريكية لعلم الاجتماع 1906–1907 |
تبعه وليام گراهام سمنر |