كركدنيات Rhinocerotoidea

Rhinocerotoids
Temporal range: 56–0 Ma
Latest Paleocene-Present
Rhinoceroses, a type of rhinocerotoid
Skeleton of Paraceratherium (Paraceratheriidae)
التصنيف العلمي e
Phylum: حبليات
Class: الثدييات
تحت رتبة: قرنيات الشكل
فوق فصيلة: Rhinocerotoidea
Gray, 1821
Unrecognised rank: Unrecognised rank: فوق فصيلة fix fix

Rhinocerotoidea is a superfamily of perissodactyls that appeared 56 million years ago in the Paleocene. They included four extinct families, the Amynodontidae, the Hyracodontidae, the Paraceratheriidae, and the Eggysodontidae. The only extant family is the Rhinocerotidae (true rhinoceroses), which survives as five living species. Extinct non-rhinocerotid members of the group are sometimes considered rhinoceroses in a broad sense. Although the term 'rhinoceroses' is sometimes used to refer to all of these, a less ambiguous vernacular term for this group is 'rhinocerotoids'. The family Paraceratheriidae contains the largest land mammals known to have ever existed.[1]

التصنيف

The cladogram below follows a phylogenetic analysis by Bai et al. (2020):[2]

Rhinocerotoidea

 

 

Indolophus

 
 

 

Breviodon

 
 

Fouchia

 
 
 
 

 

 

Minchenoletes

 
 

 

Triplopus cubitalus

 
 

Yimengia

 
 
 
Rhinocerotoidea

 

Hyrachyus

 
 

 

Uintaceras

 
 

 

Teletaceras

 
 

 

Selenaletes

 
 

 

Triplopus? youjingensis

 
 

 

Hyracodontidae

 

 

Ephyrachyus

 
 

Prohyracodon

 
 
 

 

Ardynia

 
 

 

Hyracodon

 
 

 

Epitriplopus

 
 

Triplopides

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Forstercooperiidae

 

Forstercooperia

 
 

 

Gobicerops

 
 

Pappaceras

 
 
 
 
 

 

Amynodontidae

 

 

Caenolophus

 
 

Proeggysodon

 
 
 

 

Rostriamynodon

 
 

 

Sharamynodon

 
 

 

Amynodon

 
 

 

Cadurcodon

 
 

Metamynodon

 
 

Paramynodon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Eggysodon

 
 

Paraceratheriidae

 

Juxia

 
 

 

Paraceratherium

 
 

Urtinotherium

 
 
 
Rhinocerotidae

 

Trigonias

 
 

 

Subhyracodon

 
 

 

Menoceras

 
 

Rhinoceros

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(sensu stricto)
 
(sensu lato)

References

  1. ^ Deng, T.; Lu, X.; Wang, S.; Flynn, L. J.; Sun, D.; He, W.; Chen, S. (2021). "An Oligocene giant rhino provides insights into Paraceratherium evolution". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 639. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02170-6. PMC 8211792. PMID 34140631.
  2. ^ Bai, B.; Meng, J.; Zhang, C.; Gong, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-Q. (2020). "The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)". Communications Biology. 3 (1): 509. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01205-8. PMC 7490376. PMID 32929169.