قائمة رؤساء ڤيتنام
This is a list of those who have served as president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (ڤيتنامية: Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) from the establishment of the position to the present. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In its current incarnation the president is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as the head of government in tandem with prime minister. The president represents Vietnam internally and externally, supervises the work as well as preserving the stability of the national governmental system and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The president appoints prime minister, vice-presidents, ministers and other officials with the consent of the National Assembly. The head of state is the de jure commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security, an organ of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the presidents of the Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office. The current interim President is Võ Thị Ánh Xuân since the resignation of Nguyễn Xuân Phúc on 18 January 2023.
The modern office of the president of the Socialist Republic traces its lineage back to Hồ Chí Minh, the first President of the North Vietnam, and the office has no connection, or lineage, officially at least, to the head of state of the former South Vietnam (Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, a communist and the head of state of South Vietnam). Officially there have been 11 presidents, although the count is 12 presidents should the one declared president of South Vietnam be counted.
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Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, 1945–1976)
- Status
| No. [1] |
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of Office | Political Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Officially | In this state | Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||
| President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 
|
Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969) |
2 September 1945 | 2 September 1969† | 24 years | Indochinese Communist Party (until February 1951) Worker's Party of Vietnam (from February 1951) |
| — | — | 
|
Huỳnh Thúc Kháng (1876–1947) |
29 May 1946 | 21 October 1946 | 145 يوم | None |
| — | — | 
|
Tôn Đức Thắng (1888–1980) |
2 September 1969 | 23 September 1969 | 21 يوم | Worker's Party of Vietnam |
| 2 | 2 | 23 September 1969 | 2 July 1976 | 6 سنة, 283 يوم | |||
Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)
| No. [2] |
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of Office | Political Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Officially | In the state | Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||
| Chairman of the Consultative Council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam | |||||||
| — | 1 | 
|
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1910–1996) |
8 June 1969 | 2 July 1976 | 7 سنة, 24 يوم | People's Revolutionary Party of Vietnam (National Liberation Front) (influenced by Worker's Party of Vietnam) |
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
- Status
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of Office | Election | Political Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| (2) | 
|
Tôn Đức Thắng (1888–1980) |
2 July 1976 | 30 March 1980 (Died in office) |
3 سنة, 272 يوم | 1976 | Worker's Party of Vietnam (until December 1976) Communist Party of Vietnam (from December 1976) |
| — |
|
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1910–1996) |
30 March 1980 | 4 July 1981 | 1 سنة, 96 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Chairman of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| 3 | 
|
Trường Chinh (1907–1988) |
4 July 1981 | 18 June 1987 | 5 سنة, 349 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 4 | 
|
Võ Chí Công (1912–2011) |
18 June 1987 | 22 September 1992 | 5 سنة, 96 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| 5 |
|
Army general Lê Đức Anh (1920–2019) |
23 September 1992 | 24 September 1997 | 5 سنة, 1 يوم | 1992 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 6 | 
|
Trần Đức Lương (1937–) |
24 September 1997 | 27 June 2006 (Resigned from office) |
8 سنة, 276 يوم | 1997 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 7 | 
|
Nguyễn Minh Triết (1942–) |
27 June 2006 | 25 July 2011 | 5 سنة, 28 يوم | 2006 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 8 | 
|
Trương Tấn Sang (1949–) |
25 July 2011 | 2 April 2016 | 4 سنة, 252 يوم | 2011 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 9 | 
|
Police general Trần Đại Quang (1956–2018) |
2 April 2016 | 21 September 2018 (Died in office) |
2 سنة, 172 يوم | 2016 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — | 
|
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (1959–) |
21 September 2018 | 23 October 2018 | 32 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 10 | 
|
Nguyễn Phú Trọng (1944–) |
23 October 2018 | 5 April 2021 | 2 سنة, 164 يوم | 2018 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 11 | 
|
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc (1954–) |
5 April 2021 | 18 January 2023 (Resigned from office) |
1 سنة, 288 يوم | 2021 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — | 
|
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (1970–) |
18 January 2023 | 2 March 2023 | 43 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 12 | 
|
Võ Văn Thưởng (1970–) |
2 March 2023 | 21 March 2024 (Resigned from office) |
1 سنة, 19 يوم | 2023 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — |
|
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (1970–) |
21 March 2024 | Incumbent | 43 يوم | — | Communist Party of Vietnam |
Timeline
List of presidents by length of tenure
| Rank | No. | Name | Party | Length of term |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Hồ Chí Minh | ICP/WPV | 24 years |
| 2 | 2 | Tôn Đức Thắng | WPV/CPV | 10 years, 210 days |
| 3 | 6 | Trần Đức Lương | CPV | 8 years, 276 days |
| 4 | 3 | Trường Chinh | CPV | 5 years, 349 days |
| 5 | 4 | Võ Chí Công | CPV | 5 years, 97 days |
| 6 | 7 | Nguyễn Minh Triết | CPV | 5 years, 28 days |
| 7 | 5 | Lê Đức Anh | CPV | 5 years |
| 8 | 8 | Trương Tấn Sang | CPV | 4 years, 252 days |
| 9 | 9 | Trần Đại Quang | CPV | 2 years, 172 days |
| 10 | 10 | Nguyễn Phú Trọng | CPV | 2 سنة, 164 يوم |
| 11 | 11 | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc | CPV | 1 سنة, 288 يوم |
| 12 | — | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ | CPV | 1 year, 96 days |
| 14 | 12 | Võ Văn Thưởng | CPV | 1 سنة, 62 يوم (Incumbent) |
| 13 | — | Huỳnh Thúc Kháng | None | 145 days |
| 15 | — | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân | CPV | 43 days |
| 16 | — | Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh | CPV | 32 days |
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See also
Notes
- 1.^ These numbers are official. The "—" denotes acting head of state. The first column shows how many presidents there have been in Vietnamese history, while the second show how many presidents there was in that state.
References
Bibliography
- Koh, David (July–August 2008). "Leadership Changes at the 10th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party". Asian Survey. 48 (4): 650–672. doi:10.1525/as.2008.48.4.650. JSTOR 3738744.
- Van, Canh Nguyen; Cooper, Earle (1983). Vietnam under Communism, 1975–1982. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817978518.