مجمع أنواع

Several terms redirect here. For species-group names, see International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. For individuals of different species grouping together, see Mutualism (biology)#Service-service relationships. For the principles of hiding, see Crypsis. For a supposed creatures, see List of cryptids. For another use of physiologic race, see Race (biology)#Physiological race.

فوق نوع Superspecies، هي مجموعة تتألف من نوعين مميزين أو أقل with approximately parapatric distributions. Not all species complexes, whether cryptices or ring species are superspecies, and vice versa, but many are. A superspecies consisting of two sister species is called a "species pair".

The butterfly genus Heliconius contains some species that are extremely difficult to tell apart.

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 تعريف

At least six treefrog species make up the Hypsiboas calcaratus–fasciatus species complex.

The fly agaric comprises several cryptic species, as is shown by genetic data.

The African forest elephant (shown) is the bush elephant's sibling species.

Mbuna cichlids form a species flock in Lake Malawi.

أمثلة:

• Puffinus puffinus group of shearwaters – not a superspecies, but the P. yelkouan group formerly contained therein is indeed one.
• Phylloscopus collybita group of leaf warblers
• Tapaculos

Salamandra corsica

Salamandra atra

Salamandra salamandra

Similarity can be misleading: the Corsican fire salamander (left) was previously considered a subspecies of the fire salamander (right) but is in fact more closely related to the uniformly black Alpine salamander (center).

 التطور والبيئة

 عملية الانتواع

A species complex typically forms a monophyletic group that has diversified rather recently, as is shown by the short branches between the species A–E (blue box) in this phylogenetic tree.

 السيطرة على الأمراض والممرضات

The Anopheles gambiae mosquito complex contains both species that are a vector for malaria and species that are not.

 علم أحياء الحفاظ

When a species is found to be several phylogenetically distinct species, each typically has smaller distribution ranges and population sizes than had been reckoned. The different species can also differ in their ecology, such as by having different breeding strategies or habitat requirements, which must be taken into account for appropriate management. For example, giraffe populations and subspecies differ genetically to such an extent that they may be considered species. Although the giraffe, as a whole, is not considered to be threatened, if each cryptic species is considered separately, there is a much higher level of threat.

 انظر أيضا

• Glossary of scientific naming
• Alliance (taxonomy)
• Association (ecology)
• Subspecies
• Ring species