علم موريتانيا

الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية
Flag of Mauritania.svg
الاستخدامعلم وشارة وطنية Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is congruent with obverse side
النـِسـَب2:3
اِعتـُمِد25 أكتوبر 2017; 8 years ago (2017-10-25)
التصميمA green field bordered above and below by a horizontal red band and charged in the center with an upward-pointing golden star and crescent

علم موريتانيا يمثل الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية وهو أحد رموزها الوطنية وهو علم أخضر يتوسطه هلال ونجم بلون ذهبي وعلى جانبيه شريط أفقي مستطيل أحمر اللون. [1][2][3] يعود تاريخ اعتماد العلم الوطني رسمياً إلى 1 إبريل 1959م. تم إدخال تعديلات على العلم الأصلي عن طريق استفتاء شعبي في 5 أغسطس 2017م بإضافة شريطين أحمرين على طرفي العلم القديم.[4][5][6][7] يعد علم موريتانيا واحداً من علمين من أعلام دول العالم يستخدمان الألوان الثلاثة الأفقية الأحمر والأخضر والأحمر، والآخر هو علم ترانسنيستريا.

التصميم والإنشاء

Although the design of the current flag was first described legally by Decree No. 2017-467 issued on 25 October 2017, it was not standardised until the release of a government-published graphic guidelines for national symbols in May 2020.[8] Article 1 of the guidelines describes the design as "a flag bearing a golden crescent and star on a green background, and a red horizontal rectangular stripe on either side".[9] Article 2 elaborates on the specifics of the design: the flag's width-to-length ratio is 2:3, the star and crescent are centred with the crescent's convexity facing downwards, the star is five-pointed and positioned horizontally at the edges of the crescent, and the width of each red stripe is a fifth of the flag's width.[9] In addition to the guidelines in Article 2, the following parameters are observed when constructing the flag:[10]

  • The width of the green field should be three-fifths of the flag's width.
  • The distance between the upper red band and the upper tip of the star, as well as the lower red band and the bottom of the crescent, should be a tenth of the flag's width.
  • The diameter of the crescent should be half of the flag's length, with the crescent's tips at the farthest left and right points of the circle.

The guidelines do not permit the dimensions and shapes of the flag to be altered. The minimum measurements for a drawn flag are 5.5 في 7.8 ميليمتر (0.22 في 0.31 in).[11] When constructing the flag, the guidelines recommend beginning with a green field, then adding the red bands, the star, and finally the crescent.[10]

The CMYK, Hexadecimal, and RGB values of the flag's colours are also listed in the guidelines. When printed in black and white, the following greyscale percentages are used: 85% grey for the bands, 50% for the field, and 10% for the star and crescent.[12] When printed against the background of another image, the guidelines recommend that the flag should have a border equal to a twentieth of its width.[13]

Standard colours of the flag of Mauritania[12]
أخضر أحمر ذهبي
CMYK 86/5/95/0 11/100/100/4 1/13/100/0
Hexadecimal #00A95C #D01C1F #FFD700
RGB 0/169/92 208/28/31 255/215/0
Construction sheet of the flag[10]

رمزية العلم

The star and crescent, as well as the colour green, are symbols of Islam. The late vexillologist Whitney Smith describes the star and crescent design of the Mauritanian flag as "of the conservative type common before the 20th century", similar to those of the old flags of Turkey, the Comoros, and Tunisia.[14] The red represents the blood shed by Mauritanians who fought for the country's independence from France.[15]

Protocol

The Mauritanian flag flying in Nouakchott, the country's capital

The graphic guidelines include images depicting how physical flags should be displayed. According to the guidelines, government buildings should display the flag on a flagpole centred in front of or at the top of the building. The guidelines further state that when looking at the front of a building or desk, the fly side of the flag should be to the right of the viewer; on vehicles, the fly side should be facing away from the vehicle.[11]

Disrespecting the national flag is a criminal offence under Article 2 of the Law on Protection of National Symbols (2021).[16] Doing so is punishable by two to four years in prison and a fine of 200,000 to 500,000 Mauritanian ouguiyas.[17]

التاريخ

أول علم لموريتانيا (1 أبريل 1959 – 25 أكتوبر 2017)

خفق علم فرنسا فوق موريتانيا منذ بداية الاستعمار بمطلع القرن العشرين حتى 1 أبريل 1959, when the first national flag of Mauritania was adopted. Mauritania had been an autonomous republic within the French Union (the successor to the French colonial empire) since 28 November 1958. When the country gained its independence two years later on 28 November 1960, the national flag remained unchanged.[14]

The design of the former national flag is identical to the current one but without the red bands. A proposal to change the flag first emerged at the 2016 Inclusive National Dialogue held by the Mauritanian government from 28 September to 20 October.[18] Lawmakers from the ruling majority wanted the flag to include symbols representing the country's fight for independence.[15] A referendum for the proposed changes was originally scheduled for that year but cancelled after public consultation and concerns over the referendum's expenses amid an economic crisis.[18] Mauritania's political opposition, which had boycotted the national dialogue, opposed the proposed changes.[19] A subsequent proposal to amend the constitution to introduce the changes passed in the lower National Assembly but was voted down in the upper Senate on 22 March 2017 (the proposed amendments included the abolition of the Senate). Then-president Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz described the proposal's failure as a "dysfunction" in Mauritania's democracy and said the changes would be put to a referendum "as quickly as possible".[15]

A constitutional referendum was held on 5 August 2017, in which over 86% of voters voted to change the national flag and anthem. Turnout was reportedly 54%.[20] The National Assembly, which became unicameral after the referendum, subsequently approved the flag change by adopting Bill No. 136/17 on 12 October.[21] The change was put into law by Decree No. 2017-467 on 25 October, and the new flag was raised for the first time on 28 November, the anniversary of Mauritania's independence from France.[9][14] In May 2020, the Mauritanian government published graphic guidelines standardising the design of the national flag and outlining its construction and usage for official bodies to reference.[22]

أعلام تاريخية

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ . 
  2. ^ "Mauritania - Constitution". 12 July 1991. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  3. ^ "Mauritanie: un référendum pour supprimer le Sénat, changer de drapeau et d'hymne" (in French). 4 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ موريتانيا تحتفل بيوم الاستقلال بعلم ونشيد جديدين Archived 2018-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Mauritania vows referendum to abolish Senate, change flag News 24, 23 March 2017 Archived 2017-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ France: Colonial Empire at Flags of the World. Jaume Ollé and Nozomi Kariyasu, 17 June 1998. Accessed 27 August 2009.
  7. ^ (Flag of) Mauritania at Flags of the World Accessed 27 August 2009.
  8. ^ "Charte graphique de la République islamique de Mauritanie" الهوية البصرية  إدارات وهيئات ومصالح [Graphic Guidelines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania] (PDF). www.kennach.gov.mr (in French and Arabic). Government of Mauritania. May 2020. pp. 7–11. Retrieved 1 September 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) NOTE: Page numbers for this source refer to the French translation included in the latter half of the linked PDF.
  9. ^ أ ب ت Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 7.
  10. ^ أ ب ت Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 8.
  11. ^ أ ب Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 9.
  12. ^ أ ب Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 10.
  13. ^ Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 11.
  14. ^ أ ب ت Smith, Whitney (18 April 2018) [16 February 2001]. "Flag of Mauritania". Encyclopædia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  15. ^ أ ب ت "Mauritania vows referendum to abolish Senate, change flag". News24. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  16. ^ قانون حماية الرموز.. يمجد الرئيس والوطن والدين ويثير مواقف متضاربة في موريتانيا [Law on Protection of Symbols glorifies the president, the nation, and religion and raises conflicting positions in Mauritania]. Al Jazeera. 27 July 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  17. ^ الجريدة رسمية للجمهورية اإلسالمية الموريتانية العدد 1499 [Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Issue No. 1499] (PDF). 15 December 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  18. ^ أ ب Sidya, Cheikh (30 December 2016). "Mauritanie: pas de référendum constitutionnel à cause de la crise économique" [Mauritania: No constitutional referendum due to economic crisis]. Le 360 Afrique (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  19. ^ Sidya, Cheikh (4 November 2016). "Mauritanie: un référendum pour supprimer le Sénat, changer de drapeau et d'hymne" [Mauritania: a referendum to abolish the Senate, change the flag and the anthem]. Le 360 Afrique (in الفرنسية). Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  20. ^ "Mauritanie – Référendum constitutionnel : la CENI proclame les résultats" [Mauritania – Constitutional referendum: CENI announces the results] (in الفرنسية). Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  21. ^ "Adoption du projet de loi n°136/17" [Adoption of Bill No. 136/17] (in الفرنسية). Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
  22. ^ Government of Mauritania 2020, p. 4.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Arab flags

قالب:مواضيع موريتانيا

Flag of Mauritania.svg هذه بذرة مقالة عن موريتانيا تحتاج للنمو والتحسين، ساهم في إثرائها بالمشاركة في تحريرها.
?
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=علم_موريتانيا&oldid=4192693"