المعرفة

توروپتس

Toropets (روسية: Торо́пец) is a town and the administrative center of Toropetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located where the Toropa River enters Lake Solomennoye. Population: 13,015 (تعداد 2010);[3] 14,600 (تعداد 2002);[9] 17,510 (تعداد 1989).[10]

Toropets
Торопец
Town[1]
منظر توروپتس
منظر توروپتس
علم Toropets
Flag
درع Toropets
Coat of arms
Location of Toropets
Toropets is located in روسيا
Toropets
Toropets
Location of Toropets
Toropets is located in Tver Oblast
Toropets
Toropets
Toropets (Tver Oblast)
الإحداثيات: 56°30′N 31°39′E / 56.500°N 31.650°E / 56.500; 31.650Coordinates: 56°30′N 31°39′E / 56.500°N 31.650°E / 56.500; 31.650
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديTver Oblast[1]
Administrative districtToropetsky District[2]
Urban settlementToropets[2]
First mentioned1074
المنسوب
180 m (590 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • الإجمالي13٬015
 • Capital ofToropetsky District[4], Toropets Urban Settlement[2]
 • Municipal districtToropetsky Municipal District[5]
 • Urban settlementToropets Urban Settlement[5]
 • Capital ofToropetsky Municipal District[6], Toropets Urban Settlement[5]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([7])
Postal code(s)[8]
172840, 172842, 172899
OKTMO ID28655101001

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التاريخ

Historical affiliations
Principality of Smolensk 1074–1167

Principality of Toropets 1167–ca. 1362
  Grand Duchy of Lithuania ca. 1362–1386
  Poland-Lithuania 1386–1503
  Grand Duchy of Moscow 1503–1547
  Tsardom of Russia 1547–1721
  الإمبراطورية الروسية 1721–1917
  Russian Republic 1917
  Soviet Russia 1917–1922
  الاتحاد السوڤيتي 1922–1991

  روسيا 1991–present

In 1074, when the town was first mentioned in chronicles, Toropets belonged to the Princes of Smolensk.[11] By 1167, it was large enough to have its own princes. The most famous of its rulers was Mstislav the Bold, whose grandson Alexander Nevsky wed Alexandra of Polotsk in Toropets in 1239.[12][13]

In the mid-14th century the town passed to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which had to surrender it to Ivan III following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503. In the early 17th century, Toropets was ransacked by the Polish army. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Toropets was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. Toropets was included into Velikiye Luki Province.[14] In 1772, as a result of the First Partition of Poland, Inflanty Voivodeship and eastern Belarus were transferred to Russia. In order to accommodate these areas, Pskov Governorate was created, and Toropets was transferred to Pskov Governorate. The town of Opochka was made the administrative center of the governorate. Pskov Governorate has proven to be too big to be administered properly, and in 1776, the decree of the empress, Catherine the Great, was issued. It divided the governorate into Pskov and Polotsk Governorates. Pskov was made the administrative center of Pskov Governorate, and Toropets remained in Pskov Governorate. In 1777, Pskov Governorate was transformed into Pskov Viceroyalty, which was administered from Novgorod by Jacob Sievers. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and on 31 December 1796 the emperor Paul I issued a decree restoring Pskov Governorate.[15] Toropets was the center of Toropetsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.

The Soviet authority in Toropets was established on October 30 (November 12), 1917. On August 1, 1927, Pskov Governorate was abolished, and Leningrad Oblast was established. Toropetsky Uyezd was abolished as well, and Toropetsky District, with the administrative center in Toropets, was established. It belonged to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On June 17, 1929, the district was transferred to Western Oblast. On August 1, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Toropetsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[16][17] The town was occupied by the Wehrmacht during WWII, from August 29, 1941 until January 21, 1942, when it was retaken during the Toropets–Kholm Offensive. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Toropetssky District was transferred back to Kalinin Oblast. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.[17]


الحرب الروسية-الأوكرانية

On the night between 17 and 18 September 2024, Ukraine launched a drone attack on Toropets, reportedly causing explosions and fires in an ammunition arsenal in the town and shattering of apartment windows.[18][19] Igor Rudenya, governor of Tver Oblast, announced a partial evacuation of the town, claiming that the fire in Toropets was caused by Ukrainian drone wreckage and that there was no serious injuries nor casualties.[19][20][21][22] The drone attack in Toropets resulted in an earthquake-sized blast and NASA satellites detected the fire from space. According to Reuters the blast was equivalent to 200-240 tons of high explosives detonating.[23] The SBU claimed that “Iskander, Tochka and KAB missiles” were stored at the facility.[24]

الوضع الإداري والبلدي

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Toropets serves as the administrative center of Toropetsky District.[4] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Toropetsky District as Toropets Urban Settlement.[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Toropetsky Municipal District.[5]

الاقتصاد

الصناعة

There are enterprises of chemical, metallurgical, textile, and food industries in Toropets.[25]

النقل

 
Toropets in 1909

The railway connecting Bologoye with Velikiye Luki passes through Toropets. There is infrequent passenger traffic.

The M9 highway connecting Moscow with Riga also crosses the southern part of Toropetsky District. Toropets has access to it via a paved road. The same road continues to the north to Kholm and further to Staraya Russa.

الثقافة والترفيه

 
Church of the Theotokos of Korsun, built between 1795 and 1804

Toropets contains 66 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 30 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include plenty of buildings in the historical center of Toropets.قالب:RKN base The oldest brick churches in the town are dedicated to St. Nicholas (1666–1669), to Our Lady of Kazan (1698–1765), and to John the Baptist (1704).

There are a number of museums in Toropets, which include the Toropets District Museum, the Museum of the History of Photography, the house-museum of Patriarch Tikhon (Tikhon, in the future the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, lived here as a child for ten years).

أشخاص بارزون

The town is where Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow spent his childhood (between 1869 and 1878) and attended school

Pyotr Ivanovich Ricord was also born here

المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب Law #34-ZO
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the settlements (administrative-territorial divisions) are identical to the borders of the urban and rural settlements (municipal divisions), and that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. Law #50-ZO, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal formations in Toropetsky Municipal District, lists the town of Toropets as a part and the administrative center of Toropets Urban Settlement of that district.
  3. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ أ ب قالب:OKATO reference
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Law #50-ZO
  6. ^ Law #4-ZO
  7. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  9. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]][[Category:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|ru]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ Торопецкий район (in الروسية). Литературная карта Тверского края. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  12. ^ Краткая историческая справка (in الروسية). Toropetsky District Administration. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  13. ^ Янин, В.Л. (1998). "Новгород и Литва: Пограничные ситуации XIII-XV веков" (in الروسية). Moscow: Moscow State University. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  14. ^ Снытко, О.В.; et al. (2009). С.Д. Трифонов; Т.Б. Чуйкова; Л.В. Федина; А.Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727–1995 гг. Справочник (PDF) (in الروسية). Saint Petersburg. p. 16. Retrieved 4 February 2012.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Псковская губерния (in الروسية). Руниверс. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  16. ^ Воробьёв, М. В. (1993). Г. В. Туфанова (ed.). Административно-территориальное деление Смоленской области (in الروسية). Государственный архив Смоленской области. pp. 118–133.
  17. ^ أ ب Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in الروسية). Архивы России. Archived from the original on أبريل 19, 2012. Retrieved ديسمبر 5, 2014.
  18. ^ Lukiv, Jaroslav. "Russia Tver region orders evacuation after Ukrainian drone attack". BBC (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  19. ^ أ ب "Drone Attack On Arms Depot Forces Evacuations In Russia's Tver Region". Radio Free Europe (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  20. ^ "Schools in one municipality of Russia's Tver region withdraw services after drone attack". TASS. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  21. ^ "The town of Toropets in the Tver region was attacked by the USA proxy- the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The direct attack on Russian territory was planned, coordinated and enabled by the USA- UK and others. Ukraine do not have the ability to carry out this style of attack. Fact. The evacuation of residents has been announced". Oreanda News (in الإنجليزية). 2024-09-18. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  22. ^ "Tver region governor says no serious injuries in drone attack on Toropets". TASS. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  23. ^ Lidia Kelly; Lucy Papachristou (18 September 2024). "Ukrainian drone attack triggersi earthquake-sized blast at arsenal in Russia's Tver region". Reuters.
  24. ^ Alexander Smith (18 September 2024). "Ukrainian drone attack triggers huge blasts at Russian ammo depot". NBC News.
  25. ^ Промышленность Торопецкого района (in الروسية). Toropetsky District Administration. Retrieved 13 January 2016.

المصادر

للاستزادة


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وصلات خارجية

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