المعرفة

پراود بويز

(تم التحويل من براود بويز)

The Proud Boys is a far-right, neo-fascist, and male-only political organization that promotes and engages in political violence in the United States and Canada.[1] The group originated in the far-right Taki's Magazine in 2016 under the leadership of Vice Media co-founder and former commentator Gavin McInnes, taking its name from the song "Proud of Your Boy" from the 2011 Disney musical Aladdin.[2] Although the Proud Boys emerged as part of the alt-right, McInnes distanced himself from this movement in early 2017, saying the Proud Boys was "alt-light" while the alt-right's focus was race.[3] The re-branding effort intensified following the white supremacist Unite the Right rally.[4] Since early 2019, Enrique Tarrio, who identifies as Afro-Cuban, has been the chairman of the Proud Boys.[5]

Proud Boys
الزعيمEnrique Tarrio
التأسيس2016; 8 years ago (2016
الدوافعOpposition against left-wing and progressive groups
مناطق النشاطUnited States and Canada
الأيديولوجية
الموقف السياسيFar-right
الأعمال الرئيسية

The group believes men and Western culture are under siege, their views having elements of the white genocide conspiracy theory.[6] Members have participated in multiple racist events and events centered around anti-antifa, anti-left, and anti-socialist violence; expelled member Jason Kessler organized the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville.[7] The Proud Boys glorifies violence, and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has called the group an "alt-right fight club."[8][9] The organization has been described as a hate group by NPR's The Takeaway and the SPLC.[10] The ADL has described the Proud Boys as "extremist conservative" and "alt lite", "overtly Islamophobic and misogynistic", "transphobic and anti-immigration", "all too willing to embrace racists, antisemites and bigots of all kinds", and notes the group's promotion and use of violence as a core tactic.[11]

In late November 2018, an internal memo from the Clark County Sheriff's Office showed that the FBI had designated the Proud Boys an extremist group, but it later clarified that only certain members were extremist threats with ties to white nationalism.[12][13] In 2019, two Proud Boys were sentenced to four years in prison for attempted gang assault, attempted assault and other charges for a 2018 New York incident where they attacked individuals who prosecutors said were members of antifa.[14] The Proud Boys organization has been banned by Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube.[15]


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See also


References

  1. ^ Far-right:
    • MacFarquhar, Neil; Feuer, Alan; Baker, Mike; Frenkel, Sheera (سبتمبر 30, 2020). "Far-Right Group That Trades in Political Violence Gets a Boost". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 2, 2020. Retrieved أكتوبر 1, 2020.
    • Shannon, Joel. "Who are the Proud Boys? Far-right group has concerned experts for years". USA Today. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 2, 2020. Retrieved أكتوبر 1, 2020.
    Fascist: Men only: Extremism and racism:
    • "Proud Boys" (in الإنجليزية). Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 16, 2018. Retrieved أكتوبر 16, 2018.
    • Lowry, Rich (أكتوبر 19, 2018). "The Poisonous Allure of Right-Wing Violence". National Review. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 22, 2018. Retrieved نوفمبر 13, 2018. McInnes is open about his glorification of violence. In a speech, he described a clash with Antifa outside a talk he gave at NYU last year: 'My guys are left to fight. And here's the crucial part: We do. And we beat the crap out of them.' He related what a Proud Boy who got arrested told him afterward: 'It was really, really fun.' According to McInnes: 'Violence doesn't feel good. Justified violence feels great. And fighting solves everything.'
  2. ^ Coaston, Jane (أكتوبر 15, 2018). "The Proud Boys, the bizarre far-right street fighters behind violence in New York, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 17, 2018. Retrieved أكتوبر 1, 2020.
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Marantz
  4. ^ Woodhouse, Leighton Akio (سبتمبر 21, 2017). "After Charlottesville, the American Far Right is Tearing Itself Apart". The Intercept. Archived from the original on يناير 10, 2018. Retrieved يناير 10, 2018.
  5. ^ Enrique Tarrio:
  6. ^ Kutner, Samantha (2020). "Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 1. JSTOR resrep25259.
  7. ^ Kutner, Samantha (2020). "Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 1. JSTOR resrep25259.
  8. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة SPLC2
  9. ^ Carter, Mike (مايو 1, 2017). "Seattle police wary of May Day violence between pro- and anti-Trump groups". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 30, 2018. Retrieved نوفمبر 13, 2018.
  10. ^ NPR: SPLC:
    • "Proud Boys" (in الإنجليزية). Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 16, 2018. Retrieved أكتوبر 16, 2018.
  11. ^ ADL:
  12. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Gdn20181119
  13. ^ Bernstein, Maxine (ديسمبر 4, 2018). "Head of Oregon's FBI: Bureau doesn't designate Proud Boys as extremist group". The Oregonian (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on ديسمبر 6, 2018. Retrieved ديسمبر 8, 2018.
  14. ^ Levy, Rachael (سبتمبر 30, 2020). "Who Are the Proud Boys? Trump Tells Far-Right Group to 'Stand Back and Stand By'". Wall Street Journal (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 1, 2020. Retrieved أكتوبر 1, 2020. The men were found guilty of attempted gang assault, attempted assault and other charges after prosecutors said they had attacked members of antifa.
  15. ^ Wendling, Mike (سبتمبر 30, 2020). "Who are Proud Boys and antifa?". BBC News. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 1, 2020. Retrieved أكتوبر 1, 2020.

External links

قالب:White nationalism

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