المعرفة

مضيق سنغافورة

(تم التحويل من Singapore Strait)

مضيق سنغافورة (إنگليزية: Singapore Strait؛ الصينية المبسطة: 新加坡海峡; 狮城海峡؛ الصينية التقليدية: 新加坡海峽; 溮城海峽؛ پن‌ين: Xīnjiāpō Hǎixiá; Shī chéng hǎixiá�؛ بالملايو: Selat Singapura) هو مضيق طوله 105 كيلومتر، وعرضه 16 كيلومتر، بين مضيق ملقا في الغرب ومضيق كريماتا في الشرق. وتقع سنغافورة إلى الشمال من القنال و جزر رياو إلى الجنوب منه. حدود إندونسيا-سنغافورة تجري بطول المضيق.

مضيق سنغافورة
Straits of Singapore locator map.PNG
خريطة مضيق سنغافورة
الاحداثيات1°13′N 103°55′E / 1.217°N 103.917°E / 1.217; 103.917Coordinates: 1°13′N 103°55′E / 1.217°N 103.917°E / 1.217; 103.917
النوعمضيق
بلدان الحوضFlag of Singapore.svg سنغافورة
ماليزيا ماليزيا
أقصى طول105 كم
أقل عرض16 كم
مضيق سنغافورة، كما يبدو من East Coast Park.
مضيق سنغافورة، كما يبدو من Marina Bay Sands.

ويضم ميناء كپل Keppel والعديد من الجزر الصغيرة. The strait provides the deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore, which makes it very busy. Approximately 2,000 merchant ships traverse the waters on a daily basis.[1] The depth of the Singapore Strait limits the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca, and the Malaccamax ship class.

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السجلات التاريخية

الرحالة المسلم من القرن التاسع الميلادي اليعقوبي أشار إلى Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore,[2] although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra).[3] Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water.[4] Historians also used the term in plural, "Singapore Straits", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the "Governor's Strait" or "Strait of John de Silva" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait.[5] Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located.


الحرب العالمية الثانية

وقد لـُـغــِّم المضيق أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية.[6]

الحوادث

في 2009 شحطت Maersk Kendal في Monggok Sebarok reef.[7]

الامتداد

المنظمة الهيدروغرافية الدولية تـُعرِّف حدود مضيق سنغافورة كالتالي:[8]

من الغرب: الحد الشرقي لمضيق ملقا [الخط الواصل من Tanjong Piai (Bulus) إلى الطرف الجنوبي من شبه جزيرة الملايو (1°16′N 103°31′E / 1.267°N 103.517°E / 1.267; 103.517 (W1)) والأشقاء (1°11.5′N 103°21′E / 1.1917°N 103.350°E / 1.1917; 103.350 (W2)) ثم إلى Klein Karimoen (1°10′N 103°23.5′E / 1.167°N 103.3917°E / 1.167; 103.3917 (W3))].

من الشرق: الخط الواصل من Tanjong Datok، النقطة الجنوبية الشرقية من جوهور (1°22′N 104°17′E / 1.367°N 104.283°E / 1.367; 104.283 (E1)) عبر Horsburgh Reef إلى Pulo Koko, الطرف الشمالي الشرقي لـجزيرة بنتان (1°13.5′N 104°35′E / 1.2250°N 104.583°E / 1.2250; 104.583 (E2)).

على الجانب الشمالي. الشاطئ الجنوبي لـجزيرة سنغافورة، Johore Shoal والساحل الجنوبي الشرقي لـشبه جزيرة الملايو.

من الجنوب: الخط الواصل بين Klein Karimoen و Pulo Pemping Besar (1°06.5′N 103°47.5′E / 1.1083°N 103.7917°E / 1.1083; 103.7917 (S)) ثم بطول السواحل الشمالية لجزيرتي بتم وبنتان إلى Pulo Koko.

الدلائل والجداول البحرية

Pilot guides and charts of the Malacca and Singapore straits have been published for a considerable time due to the nature of the straits [9][10][11][12]

الهامش

  1. ^ Liang, Annabelle; Maye-E, Wong (August 22, 2017). "Busy waters around Singapore carry a host of hazards". Navy Times. Around 2,000 merchant ships travel in the area every day, Tan estimated.
  2. ^ "Tumasik Kingdom". Melayu Online. Archived from the original on 12 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ R. A. Donkin (March 2004). Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans. Amer Philosophical Society. p. 91. ISBN 978-0871692481.
  4. ^ Peter Borschberg, ed. (December 2004). Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Century). Harrassowitz. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-3447051071.
  5. ^ Borschberg, Peter (2012). "The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (c.13th to 17th Centuries). Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges". Journal of Asian History. 46.2: 193–224.
  6. ^ "SINGAPORE STRAIT MINED". The Central Queensland Herald. Rockhampton, Qld. 20 February 1941. p. 34. Retrieved 12 May 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ Great Britain. Marine Accident Investigation Branch (2010), Report on the grounding of mv Maersk Kendal on Monggok Sebarok reef in the Singapore Strait on 16 September 2009, Marine Accident Investigation Branch, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/38783831, retrieved on 12 May 2012 
  8. ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
  9. ^ Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept; Great Britain. Hydrographic Office (1971), Malacca Strait and west coast of Sumatra pilot : comprising Malacca Strait and its northern approaches, Singapore Strait, and the west coast of Sumatra (5th ed. (1971)- ed.), Hydrographer of the Navy, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/36336824, retrieved on 12 May 2012 
  10. ^ Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore; Chua, Tiag Ming (2000), Charts for small craft, Singapore Strait & adjacent waterways (2000 ed.), Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/37281487, retrieved on 12 May 2012 
  11. ^ Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept; Hennessey, S. J (1971), Malacca Strait and west coast of Sumatra pilot : comprising Malacca Strait and its northern approaches, Singapore Strait, and the west coast of Sumatra (5th ed.), Hydrographer of the Navy, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16765968, retrieved on 12 May 2012 
  12. ^ Singapore. Maritime and Port Authority; Singapore. Maritime and Port Authority. Hydrographic Dept (1998), Singapore Strait, Hydrographic Dept., Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6891149, retrieved on 12 May 2012 

للاستزادة

  • Borschberg, Peter, "Singapura in Early Modern Cartography: A Sea of Challenges", in Visualising Space. Maps of Singapore and the Region. Collections from the National Library and National Archives of Singapore (Singapore: NLB, 2015): 6-33. https://www.academia.edu/8681191
  • Borschberg, Peter, The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century, Singapore and Leiden: NUS Press and KITLV Press, 2010. https://www.academia.edu/4302722
  • Borschberg, Peter, Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor, 1595-c1625, Singapore: NUS Press, 2015. https://www.academia.edu/9672124
  • Borschberg, Peter, Admiral Matelieff's Singapore and Johor, 1606–1616, Singapore, 2015. https://www.academia.edu/11868450
  • Borschberg, Peter, "The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (c.13th to 17th Centuries). Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges", Journal of Asian History, 46.2 (2012): 193-224. https://www.academia.edu/4285020
  • Borschberg, Peter, "The Straits of Singapore: Continuity, Change and Confusion", in Sketching the Straits. A Compilation of the Lecture Series on the Charles Dyce Collection, ed. Irene Lim (Singapore: NUS Museums, 2004): 33-47. https://www.academia.edu/4311413
  • Borschberg, Peter, "Singapore and its Straits, 1500–1800", Indonesia and the Malay World 43, 3 (2017) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13639811.2017.1340493
  • Borschberg, Peter, "Singapore in the Cycles of the Longue Duree", Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 90 (1) (2017), pp. 32–60. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/663863/summary
  • Gibson-Hill, Carl-Alexander, "Singapore: Note on the History of the Old Straits, 1580–1850", Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 27.1 (1954): 165-214.

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