زاله

Coordinates: 50°07′14″N 11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E / 50.12056; 11.83056
(تم التحويل من Saale)
هذا المقال هو عن the river of Bavaria, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. إذا كنت تريد other uses and other rivers with the same name، انظر Saale (disambiguation).
Saale
The Saale valley near Hof
The Saale has its source in the Fichtel Mountains in northeastern Franconia (Bavaria) and flows into the Elbe at Barby, Saxony-Anhalt.
الموقع
CountryGermany
States
Reference no.DE: 56
السمات الطبيعية
Source 
 • locationnear Zell im Fichtelgebirge
 • coordinates50°07′14″N 11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E / 50.12056; 11.83056
 • elevation728 m above sea level (NN)
المصب 
 - الموقع
near Barby into the Elbe
 • الإحداثيات
51°57′17″N 11°54′50″E / 51.95472°N 11.91389°E / 51.95472; 11.91389
 • المنسوب
49٫5 m above sea level (NN)
الطول413 km (257 mi)[1]
مساحة الحوض24،167 km2 (9،331 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average115 m3/s (4،100 cu ft/s)
سمات الحوض
السريانقالب:Drainage
المعالم
الروافد 
 - اليسرىSchwarza, Ilm, Unstrut, Salza, Wipper, Bode
 - اليمنىWhite Elster, Orla, Southern and Northern Regnitz
الجسورSaale bridge, Rudolphstein,
Old Saale bridge, Jena-Burgau
الموانئ الداخليةHafen Halle (Saale), Sophienhafen in Halle (Saale)
NavigableFrom its mouth to Bad Dürrenberg; for Europa ships to Halle-Trotha[2]

The Saale (ألمانية pronunciation: [ˈzaːlə] استمع (المساعدة·معلومات)), also known as the Saxon Saale (ألمانية: Sächsische Saale تـُنطق [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə] استمع (المساعدة·معلومات)) and Thuringian Saale (ألمانية: Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is distinguished from the smaller Franconian Saale, a right-bank tributary of the Main, or the Saale in Lower Saxony, a tributary of the Leine.

Etymology

The name Saale comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *séles 'marsh', akin to Welsh hêl, heledd 'river meadow', Cornish heyl 'estuary', Greek hélos 'marsh, meadow', Sanskrit sáras 'lake, pond', Sárasvati 'sacred river', Old Persian Harauvati 'Hārūt River; Arachosia', Avestan Haraxvatī, idem. It may also be related to the Indo-European root *sal, "salt".[3]

The Slavic name of the Saale, Solawa, still found in Sorbian texts, comes from Old High German sol, "salt", and awa, "water".[4]

Course

ملف:Bad Kösen Saalewehr und Alte Mühle (01).jpg
Saale in Bad Kösen

The Saale originates on the slope of the Großer Waldstein mountain near Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), at an elevation of 728 متر (2،388 ft). It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of Hof, enters Thuringia. It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the Thuringian Forest until it reaches the valley of Saalfeld. After leaving Saalfeld the Saale reaches Rudolstadt. Here it receives the waters of the Schwarza, in whose valley lies the ruined castle of Schwarzburg, the ancestral seat of the formerly ruling House of Schwarzburg.[5]

From Saalfeld, the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing the university town of Jena. It enters Saxony-Anhalt and passes the spa of Bad Kösen and, after receiving the deep and navigable Unstrut at Naumburg, flows past Weißenfels, Merseburg, Halle, Bernburg and Calbe. It finally joins the Elbe just above Barby,[5] after traversing a distance of 413 كيلومتر (257 mi)[1]—shortened 14 كيلومتر (9 mi) by a bypass from its natural length of 427 كيلومتر (265 mi).

The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is also planned connected from Leuna with the White Elster near Leipzig by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities of sugar beet. Among its tributaries are the White Elster, Southern and Northern Regnitz and Orla on the right bank, and the Ilm, Unstrut, Salza, Wipper and Bode on the left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights.[5]

Geography

Originating in Zell, the Saale flows through – Sparneck – Weißdorf – Seulbitz – Förbau – Schwarzenbach an der Saale – Fattigau – Oberkotzau – Hof – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – Hirschberg – Sparnberg – Rudolphstein – Blankenberg – Blankenstein – Harra – Saaldorf – Saalburg – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth – Burgk – Walsburg – Ziegenrück – Neidenberga – Hohenwarte – Eichicht – Kaulsdorf – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz – Breternitz – Saalfeld – Schwarza – Volkstedt – Rudolstadt – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen – Uhlstädt – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen – Orlamünde – Freienorla – Großeutersdorf – Kleineutersdorf – Kahla – Großpürschütz – Jägersdorf – Rothenstein – Maua – Lobeda – Jena – Zwätzen – Porstendorf – Dornburg – Dorndorf-Steudnitz – Wichmar – Camburg – Tümpling – Großheringen – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck – Bad Kösen – Naumburg – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau – Goseck – Leißling – Lobitzsch – Uichteritz – Markweben – Weißenfels – Dehlitz – Schkortleben – Kleinkorbetha – Großkorbetha – Oebles-Schlechtewitz – Wengelsdorf – Bad Dürrenberg – Kröllwitz – Leuna – Trebnitz – Merseburg – Meuschau – Freiimfelde – Schkopau – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben – Halle – Kröllwitz – Lettin – Brachwitz – Schiepzig – Salzmünde – Pfützthal – Döblitz – Zaschwitz – Wettin – Kloschwitz – Rumpin – Dobis – Friedeburg – Zickeritz – Rothenburg – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz – Alsleben – Poplitz – Großwirschleben – Plötzkau – Gröna – Neuborna – Bernburg – Dröbel – Nienburg – Wedlitz – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz – Calbe (Saale) – Trabitz – Groß Rosenburg – Werkleitz

Tributaries

Left:

Right:

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب ت Michael Bergemann (1 يوليو 2015). "Gesamtliste der Fließgewässer im Elbeeinzugsgebiet" (PDF; 791 kB) (in الألمانية). Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Reinhaltung der Elbe. Retrieved 21 مارس 2018.
  2. ^ "Federal Water and Navigation Authority". Archived from the original on 13 فبراير 2010. Retrieved 9 مايو 2010.
  3. ^ Thomas V. Gamkrelidze; Vjaceslav V. Ivanov (15 ديسمبر 2010). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes. Walter de Gruyter. p. 581. ISBN 978-3-11-081503-0.
  4. ^ Georg Jacob (1894). Die Ortsnamen des Herzogthums Meiningen. Kesselring. p. 55.
  5. ^ أ ب ت Chisholm 1911.

Sources

  • Ernst-Otto Luthardt, Reinhard Feldrapp: An der Saale. Vom Fichtelgebirge durch Thüringen bis zur Elbe. Würzburg 1990. ISBN 3-8035-1335-9
  • Wolf Thieme, Markus Altmann (Fotos): Mitten ins Herz. Sie entspringt in Bayern, durchquert Thüringen und fließt in Sachsen-Anhalt in die Elbe – die Saale ist ein Fluss, der alles verbindet. Und jedem Spaß macht: dem Sportler, dem Kulturfreund, dem Faulenzer. In: stern Nr. 26 (22. Juni 2006), S. 84-89. (Online-Version)
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Saale" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 23 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 953. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=زاله&oldid=4367452"