موزدوك
موزدوك (روسية: Моздо́к؛ اوستية: Мæздæг؛ قبرطاي: Мэздэгу ؛ إنگليزية: Mozdok) هي بلدة والمركز الإداري لـ مقاطعة موزدوك في أوستيا الشمالية - ألانيا، روسيا، تقع على الضفة اليسرى لـنهر ترك، على بعد 92 كم شمال عاصمة الجمهورية ڤلاديقوقاز. وحسب تعداد 2010، بلغ تعدادها 38,768 نسمة.[3]
موزدوك
Моздок | |
|---|---|
| الترجمة اللفظية بالـ Other | |
| • Ossetic | Мæздæг |
 محطة قطارات موزدوك | |
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
Location of موزدوك  | |
  موزدوك Location of موزدوك موزدوك موزدوك (روسيا) | |
| الإحداثيات: 43°44′N 44°42′E / 43.733°N 44.700°ECoordinates: 43°44′N 44°42′E / 43.733°N 44.700°E | |
| البلد | روسيا |
| الكيان الاتحادي | North Ossetia–Alania[1] |
| Administrative district | مقاطعة موزدوك[1] |
| Town Under District Jurisdiction | موزدوك[1] |
| Founded | 1763[2] |
| المنسوب | 131 m (430 ft) |
| التعداد | |
| • الإجمالي | 38٬768 |
| • Estimate (2018) | 41٬728 (+7٫6%) |
| • Capital of | مقاطعة موزدوك[1], Mozdok Town Under District Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Municipal district | Mozdoksky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Mozdokskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Mozdoksky Municipal District[4], Mozdokskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+ ([5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 362028, 363750–363760 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 86736 |
| OKTMO ID | 90630101001 |
| 2010 Census | 38,768[3] |
|---|---|
| 2002 Census | 42,865[7] |
| 1989 Census | 38,037[8] |
| 1979 Census | 34,394[9] |
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أصل الاسم
The town's name comes from the Kabardian word for "the dense forest".[10]
التاريخ
It was established in 1763 as a Russian fort at the site of a Kabardian village founded four years earlier, settling the families of the Volga Cossacks in stanitsas around it.[2] Hundreds of Kabardians followed, fleeing their feudal lords from the neighboring areas into the Russian territory. In 1764, the Kabardian leaders' request to the Russian government that the fortress be destroyed went unanswered. In the years that followed, the Kabardians tried to besiege the town, but they were eventually compelled to retreat. With the foundation of Mozdok, Russian authorities encouraged Ossetians, Georgians, Armenians, Spiritual Christians and other Christians to populate the town. It soon emerged as a key Russian military outpost linked to Kizlyar with a fortified line as well as the center of local trade, ethnic diversity, and Russian-Caucasian interchange. In 1789, 55.6% of its population was Armenian and Georgian. Ossetian settlement particularly increased in the 1820s when the Russian commander Yermolov began removing Kabardians from the area of the Georgian Military Road and settling Ossetians there.[2]
Moving south from Mozdok, Russia established contact with eastern Georgia through the Darial Gorge. Mozdok remained the northern terminal of the Georgian Military Road leading to Tbilisi until being succeeded by Vladikavkaz, founded in 1784 midway between Mozdok and the Darial Pass.[11]
In August 1942, it was conquered by German troops during Case Blue. It was recaptured by the Red Army in January 1943.[بحاجة لمصدر]
In June 2003, a suicide bomber caused havoc in the town, when a bus full of Russian air force personnel was destroyed when it was rammed by the bomber's car.[12] On August 1, 2003, a military hospital in the city was targeted by a suicide bomber driving a large truck bomb. The building was substantially damaged and over fifty people were killed in the blast. These attacks are just two of a string of attacks on Russian facilities in Mozdok since the start of the Second Chechen War.[بحاجة لمصدر]
الوضع الإداري والبلدي
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mozdok serves as the administrative center of Mozdoksky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Mozdoksky District as Mozdok Town Under District Jurisdiction.[1] As a municipal division, Mozdok Town Under District Jurisdiction is incorporated within Mozdoksky Municipal District as Mozdokskoye Urban Settlement.[4]
الثقافة
The Museum of Regional Studies in Mozdok holds an assortment of displays and artifacts related to Mozdok's history and as A Map in the Game War thunder
الجماعات العرقية
As of 2002, the ethnic composition of Mozdok was as follows:[بحاجة لمصدر]
عسكريا
There is an airbase near the town. From 1961 to 1998, the 182nd Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment of Long Range Aviation, flying Tupolev Tu-95s, was based there.[13] The airbase has been used to support military operations in Chechnya and in the Russo-Georgian War.[14][15][16] In June 2003, a female suicide bomber targeted a bus carrying pilots and other personnel employed at the airbase on the Mozdok-Prokhladnoye motorway, killing approximately 15 and wounding 12.[17][18]
المراجع
الهامش
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د Law #34-RZ
- ^ أ ب ت Burbank, Jane; Ransel, David L. (1998). Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire. Indiana University Press. pp. 159–161. ISBN 978-0-253-21241-2.
- ^ أ ب ت Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج Law #16-RZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года[All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Barrett, Thomas M. (1999). At the edge of empire: the Terek Cossacks and the North Caucasus frontier, 1700-1860. Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-3671-6, p. 44.
- ^ John Channon and Robert Hudson (1995). The Penguin historical atlas of Russia. Viking, ISBN 0-670-86461-7, p. 72.
- ^ BBC News mentions bombings
- ^ Butuwski, International Air Power Review, Summer 2004, No. 13, 82.
- ^ Cornell, Svante E.; Starr, S. Frederick (2015). The Guns of August 2008: Russia's War in Georgia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45652-0.
- ^ De Haas, Marcel (2004). Russian Security and Air Power, 1992-2002. Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-135-76778-5.
- ^ Potter, Matt (2011). Outlaws Inc.: Under the Radar and on the Black Market with the World's Most Dangerous Smugglers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-60819-539-8.
- ^ Pravda.ru (2003). "Criminal case opened after blast in North Ossetian bus".
- ^ "Two years of attacks". BBC News. 12 September 2004.