DF-41

DF-41
DF-41 missile on a HTF5980.
النوعICBM
مكان الأصلChina
تاريخ الخدمة
في الخدمة2017
يستخدمهPeople's Liberation Army Rocket Force
تاريخ الانتاج
الصانعChina Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT)
المواصفات
الوزن~80،000 كيلوغرام (180،000 lb) [1]
الطول~22 متر (72 ft)[1]
القطر~2.25 m (7 ft 5 in)[1]
الرأس الحربي3 x 425kT[2]
المحركThree-stage Solid-fuel rocket
المدى
العملياتي
~12،000–15،000 كيلومتر (7،500–9،300 mi)[1]
السرعةMach 25 (31,425 km/h; 19,625 mph; 8,660 m/s)[3]
نظام
التوجيه
Inertial, likely with stellar updates and BeiDou[4]
الدقة~100 m CEP[4]
منصة
الإطلاق
Silo, road-mobile Transporter erector launcher, rail-mobile
DF-41 at 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China

The Dongfeng-41 or DF-41 (الصينية المبسطة: 东风-41; الصينية التقليدية: 東風-41; lit. 'East Wind-41'; NATO reporting name: CH-SS-20;[5] previously reported as CSS-10[6]) is a fourth-generation Chinese solid-fuelled road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile operated by the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (formerly the Second Artillery Corps). DF-41 is the fourth generation of the Dongfeng series strategic missiles developed by China.[7] The missile was officially unveiled at the China National Day military parade on 1 October 2019.

التصميم

Range of various Chinese missiles (2007). The DF-41 has a similar range to the DF-5A (purple).

The missile reportedly has an operational range between 12،000 إلى 15،000 كيلومتر (7،500 إلى 9،300 mi).[1] It is believed to have a top speed of Mach 25,[8] and to be capable of MIRV delivery (up to 10).[9] The development of the MIRV technology is reported to be in response to the deployment of the United States national missile defense system which degrades China's nuclear deterrence capability.[10] The project started in 1986,[9] and may now be coupled with the JL-3 program.

Though there have been reports that the DF-41 can carry 3 to 8 warheads, analysts think it most likely carries only three warheads, with the additional payload used for many penetration aids.[11]

التطوير

In April 2013, Taiwan's National Security Bureau head reported to the Legislative Yuan that the DF-41 was still in development, and not yet deployed.[12]

The U.S. Department of Defense in its 2013 report to Congress on China's military developments made no explicit mention of the DF-41, but did state that "China may also be developing a new road-mobile ICBM, possibly capable of carrying a multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV)", which may refer to the DF-41.[13]

In August 2014, China's Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center website accidentally published a news report about an environmental monitoring site for a DF-41 ICBM; the news report (and entire website) was taken down shortly after getting public attention.[14]

In August 2015, the missile was flight-tested for the fourth time.[4] In December 2015, the missile was flight-tested for the fifth time.[citation needed] In April 2016, China successfully conducted the 7th test of DF-41.[citation needed]

On January 23, 2017, China was reported to have deployed a strategic ballistic missile brigade to Heilongjiang province, bordering Russia, along with another strategic ballistic missile brigade deploying to Xinjiang.[15]

In November 2017, just two days before U.S. President Trump's visit to China, the DF-41 was tested in the Gobi Desert.[16][17]

On October 1, 2019, China publicly displayed the missiles for the first time on its 70th Anniversary National Day military parade. [18]

Rail-mobile versions

On 5 December 2015, China conducted a launcher test of a new rail-mobile version of the DF-41, similar to the Russian RT-23 Molodets.[19]

Silo-based versions

In 2021, the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) said China was building 120 missile silos for DF-41 near Yumen in Gansu and another 110 missile silos near Hami in Xinjiang.[20]

A third site was discovered to be under construction near Ordos in Inner Mongolia in August, 2021. The new site will hold more than 100 ICBM.[21]

Together, the three new missile bases will house 350 to 400 new long-range nuclear missiles, U.S. officials said.[22][23]

المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "DF-41 (Dong Feng-41 / CSS-X-20)". Center for Strategic and International Studies (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). October 8, 2019. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
  2. ^ https://thebulletin.org/premium/2025-03/chinese-nuclear-weapons-2025/
  3. ^ "5 fastest missiles in the world [2024]". 25 April 2024.
  4. ^ أ ب ت "DF-41 (Dong Feng-41 / CSS-X-20)". Missile Threat.
  5. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003400226. ISBN 9781003400226. S2CID 256916955.
  6. ^ Lennox 2003, p. 52.
  7. ^ "China's strategic deterrents on display". China Daily (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  8. ^ "China Reports DF-41 ICBM Test-Launch: Armed Forces International News". Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
  9. ^ أ ب "DF-41 (CSS-X-10) (China) - Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems". Janes.com. June 1, 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-03-26.
  10. ^ Arjun Subramanian P (12 November 2012). "DF-41: China's answer to the US BMD efforts". Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  11. ^ Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2018). "Chinese nuclear forces, 2018". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 74 (4): 289–295. Bibcode:2018BuAtS..74d.289K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2018.1486620.
  12. ^ Rogge Chen and Sofia Wu (15 April 2013). "China yet to deploy 094 sub, JL-2 & DF-41 missiles: security head". Focus Taiwan. Central News Agency. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  13. ^ "Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013". Office of the Secretary of Defense (U.S. Department of Defense): 6. 2013. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf. Retrieved on 18 January 2014. 
  14. ^ "China 'confirms new generation long range missiles'". Daily Telegraph. AFP. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  15. ^ Say Hello to China's ICBMs, SpaceDaily.com, 2017-01-30
  16. ^ "Did China test a missile that could strike US ahead of Trump's visit?". South China Morning Post (in الإنجليزية). 2017-11-09. Retrieved 2019-06-08.
  17. ^ Bora, Kukil (November 10, 2017). "Ahead of Trump visit, China likely tested 12,000-km-range missile that could strike anywhere in US". International Business Times, India Edition.
  18. ^ "China displays new hypersonic nuclear missile on 70th anniversary". www.aljazeera.com.
  19. ^ Fisher Jr, Richard (23 December 2015). "China developing new rail-mobile ICBM, say US officials". Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  20. ^ "China Is Building A Second Nuclear Missile Silo Field". Federation Of American Scientists (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  21. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: China building third missile field for hundreds of new ICBMs". The Washington Times.
  22. ^ "The Chinese Nuclear Breakout and the Biden Administration's Nuclear Posture Review | RealClearDefense". 28 August 2021.
  23. ^ "China's nuclear missile silo expansion: From minimum deterrence to medium deterrence". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  • Lennox, Duncan, ed. (2003). Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0880-2.

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