تشونغ جو-يونغ

(تم التحويل من Chung Ju-yung)
في هذا article، اسم العائلة هو Chung.
تشونغ جو-يونغ
Chung Ju-yung

MP
정주영
Chung Ju-yung
Chung in 1998
وُلِدَ(1915-11-25)25 نوفمبر 1915
Tongchon, Korea, Empire of Japan
توفي21 مارس 2001(2001-03-21) (aged 85)
Songpa District, Seoul, South Korea
المهنةPolitician
Chaebol
عـُرِف بـFounder and honorary chairman of Hyundai
الحزبUnification National Party
الزوجByun Joong-seok
الأنجال11 (8 sons and 3 daughters)
Korean name
Hangul
정주영
Hanja
鄭周永
RRJeong Juyeong
MRChŏng Chuyŏng
Art name
Hangul
아산
Hanja
峨山
RRAsan
MRAsan

تشونغ جو-يونغ (بالهانغول: 정주영؛ 25 نوفمبر 1915 - 21 مارس 2001) هو رائد أعمال كوري جنوبي ومؤسس مجموعة هيونداي، ثاني تكتل تجاري في كوريا الجنوبية.

الحياة المبكرة

Chung Ju-yung was born into an impoverished family on 25 November 1915, in Tongchon County, Korea, under the Empire of Japans occupation (now Kangwon Province, North Korea).[1] Chung graduated from Songjun Primary School in March 1931. He then attended his grandfather's Confucian school while working at his parent's farm. In 1933, at the age of 18, he became a stevedore at Jinsen Harbor (Incheon, currently in South Korea). He also worked as a construction laborer in the construction of Korea University, and was a starch syrup factory worker for a year.[1]

Chung began working for Bokheung Rice Store, first as a delivery man, and then a book-keeper. In 1936, he married Byun Joong-seok. In 1937, the store owner became ill, and gave the store to Chung. He renamed the business Kyungil Rice Store.[1]

In 1939, the government, occupied by the Japanese at that time, outlawed Korean ownership of rice shops, and Chung lost his job.[1]

المسيرة المهنية

قبل هيونداي

Chung then returned to his village and remained there until 1940, when he decided to try again in Keijō. Due to restrictions imposed on Koreans in certain industries by the Japanese Colonial Government, Chung entered the automobile repair business. Using a service garage he purchased from a friend, Chung started the A-do Service Garage with a 3,000 won loan. Within three years, the number of employees grew from 20 to 70. In 1943, the Japanese colonial government forced the garage to merge with a steel plant as part of the war effort.[1][2] He left and returned to his village with 50,000 yen in savings.[1]

هيونداي (1946-1986)

In 1946, after the liberation of Korea from Japanese control, Chung went back to Seoul and launched Hyundai Auto Service and Hyundai Construction Company. During the North Korean invasion of 1950, Chung abandoned his construction projects and fled with his younger brother to Busan for safety. His son, Chung Mong-joon, was born there. Chung continued to build the company by gathering any kind of work he could get from the United Nations Command and the Korean Ministry of Transportation. Once Seoul was retaken by UN forces, Chung re-established the company and continued to obtain more work from the United States.[1]

In 1972, he founded Hyundai Shipbuilding & Heavy Industries, and created the Ulsan shipyard as its headquarters.[3] He introduced the Hyundai Pony in 1976 and the Hyundai Excel in 1986.[4]

From the 1980s until recently, the Hyundai Group was split into many satellite groups. Chung was the first civilian to cross the Korean DMZ since the division of Korea.[5][6] He was also the first to propose the Geumgangsan sightseeing excursions. He founded the Hyundai Heavy Steel Company.[7]

In 1982, Chung received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[8]

المسيرة السياسية

1001 رأس ماشية مقابل بقرة واحدة.

Chung ran unsuccessfully as a Unification National Party presidential candidate for the 1992 South Korean presidential election. During this time, he was estimated to have a personal wealth of $4 billion.[9]

الوفاة

Chung died on 21 March 2001, at the age of 85, from pneumonia after receiving at-home treatment for other long-term illnesses.[10][11] He was buried in accordance with Buddhist and Confucian customary rites.[12] His wife, Byun Joong-seok, died on 17 August 2007, at the age of 86, due in part to long-term heart complications.[13] She was buried in a family cemetery in Hanam, alongside her husband and their son.[14]

الكتب

  • Trials May Not Fail (시련은 있어도 실패는 없다)
  • Born in This Land (이 땅에 태어나서)
  • Your Lips Need to Burn: If You Plan to Succeed (입이 뜨거워야 성공할 수 있다)[15]

العائلة

Chung Ju-yung had five brothers and one sister; he had eight sons and one daughter with his wife.[16] In addition, he had two daughters with a younger woman, with whom he started a relationship in 1973; these daughters were not acknowledged until after his death.[17][18]

الإخوة

  • Chung In-yung (ko) (1920–2006). After leaving the Hyundai Group, he founded the Halla Group, whose interests included Mando Machinery, Halla Cement, Halla Construction, Halla Heavy Industries, and Halla Climate Control Corp.[19][20]
  • Chung Soon-Yung (ko) (1925–2015). After working for Hyundai Engineering & Construction, he left the company, taking Hyundai Cement with him to form the Sungwoo Business Group, which includes Hyundai Cement, Hyundai Welding, and Sungwoo Automotive.
  • Chung Se-yung (1928–2005). He founded Hyundai Motor. He later left the Hyundai Group, taking control of Hyundai Development Co., Ltd., a major housing builder in Korea.[21][22]
  • Chung Shin-yung (1931–1962). Died in a car accident in Germany while working as a journalist for a Korean newspaper company. His only son, Chung Mong-hyuk, ran Hyundai Oilbank, the third largest oil refiner in Korea.
  • Chung Sang-yung (ko) (1936–2021). Founder of the KCC Chemical (Keumkang) group, a major South Korean manufacturer of paints and glass products.

الأبناء

أبناء الأخ/الأخت

via Chung In-yung (1920–2006)

via Chung-Soon-yung (1925–2015)

  • Chung Mong-sun. Chairman of Sungwoo Group (Hyundai Cement).
  • Chung Mong-suk. Chairman of Hyundai Welding Co., Ltd.
  • Chung Mong-hoon. Chairman of Sungwoo Hyokwang International Co.
  • Chung Mong-yong. Chairman of Sungwoo Automotive.

via Chung Se-yung (1928–2005)

  • Chung Mong-gyu. Former Chairman of Hyundai Motor. Current Chairman of Hyundai Development Co., Ltd.

via Chung Shin-yong (1931–1962)

  • Chung Mong-hyuk. Former President of Hyundai Oil & Hyundai Petrochemical; current chairman of Hyundai Corporation.

via Chung Sang-yung (1936–)

  • Chung Mong-jin. Chairman of KCC.
  • Chung Mong-ik. Vice-chairman of KCC.
  • Chung Mong-yeol. President of KCC Construction Co., Ltd.

انظر أيضًا

ملاحظات ومصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Richard M. Steers (1999). Made In Korea: Chung Ju Yung and the rise of Hyundai. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92050-7.
  2. ^ Chung ju yung Archived 8 أكتوبر 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Lee, Ka-young; Kim, Mi-geon (2025-03-11). "HD Hyundai vice chair Chung Ki-sun discusses AI shipyard project with Palantir CEO". The Chosun Daily (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2026-04-07.
  4. ^ Jo, Hyung Je; Jeong, Jun Ho; Kim, Chulsik Kim (2023). Agile Against Lean, An Inquiry into the Production System of Hyundai Motor (in الإنجليزية). Palgrave Macmillan Singapore. pp. 66–68. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2042-6. ISBN 978-981-99-2042-6.
  5. ^ Cha, Victor D. (2013). The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future (in الإنجليزية). Internet Archive. New York: Ecco. pp. 386–387. ISBN 978-0-06-199850-8. LCCN 2012009517. OCLC 1244862785.
  6. ^ "Biography | Asan Chung Juyung Museum | Hyundai Motor Group". www.asan-chungjuyung.com (in الكورية). Retrieved 2026-03-31.
  7. ^ "Biography | Asan Chung Juyung Museum | Hyundai Motor Group". www.asan-chungjuyung.com. Retrieved 23 November 2025.
  8. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  9. ^ Kirk, Don (22 March 2001). "Chung Ju Yung, 85, Founder Of the Hyundai Group, Dies". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  10. ^ "Hyundai founder passes away at age of 86". The Dong-A Ilbo (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  11. ^ Foster-Carter, Aidan (28 March 2001). "Chung Ju-yung". The Guardian (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
  12. ^ 故 정주영 명예회장 묘소 참배하는 이명박 Archived 8 سبتمبر 2017 at the Wayback Machine; 이제는 새 청사진을 그려야 할 때 Archived 5 نوفمبر 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Hyundai's Cornerstone Passes Away; '현대家의 대모' 변중석 여사 영원히 잠들다 Archived 8 سبتمبر 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ 2,000 Attend Funeral Services for Chung Archived 24 ديسمبر 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ 저, 정주영. 입이 뜨거워야 성공할 수 있다 (in الكورية).
  16. ^ Steers, Richard M. (1999). "11: Passing the Torch". Made in Korea: Chung Ju Yung and the Rise of Hyundai. New York, New York: Routledge. pp. 170–182. ISBN 0-415-92050-7.
  17. ^ أ ب ت 김태현 (9 June 2014). "[최초공개] 정주영 '숨겨진 여인' 김경희 40년간 감춘 사랑과 증오 1편" [Chung Ju-yung's 'hidden woman': Kim Kyung-hee; 40 years of hidden love and hate, part 1]. 일요신문 (in الكورية). Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  18. ^ أ ب ت 김태현 (9 June 2014). "[최초공개] 정주영 '숨겨진 여인' 김경희 40년간 감춘 사랑과 증오 2편" [Chung Ju-yung's 'hidden woman': Kim Kyung-hee; 40 years of hidden love and hate, part 2]. 일요신문 (in الكورية). Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  19. ^ Pollack, Andrew (25 January 1998). "A Korean Giant Spins Out of Control". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  20. ^ "Pioneer in Hyundai Group Chung In-yung dies at 86". Korea JoongAng Daily. 20 July 2006. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  21. ^ Foster-Carter, Aidan (23 May 2005). "Obituary: Chung Se-yung". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  22. ^ Thorpe, Norman (23 May 2005). "Hyundai co-founder Chung Se Yung dies". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  23. ^ Lee, Ho-jeong (30 November 2009). "Blast From the Past #10: Long before the gallop of Equus, Granada was Korea's luxury car". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  24. ^ أ ب "Family Drama". Forbes. 26 April 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  25. ^ "Forbes profile of Chung Mong-Yoon". Forbes. 30 April 2014. p. 1. Archived from the original on 6 August 2025. Retrieved 6 August 2025.

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