خروديم
خروديم (Chrudim ؛ النطق التشيكي: [ˈxruɟɪm]) هي بلدة في منطقة پاردوبيتسه في جمهورية التشيك. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest town of the region. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.
خروديم
Chrudim | |
|---|---|
 Resselovo Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  خروديم الموقع في جمهورية التشيك | |
| الإحداثيات: 49°57′4″N 15°47′44″E / 49.95111°N 15.79556°ECoordinates: 49°57′4″N 15°47′44″E / 49.95111°N 15.79556°E | |
| البلد |  التشيك |
| المنطقة | پاردوبيتسه |
| المقاطعة | خروديم |
| أول ذِكر | 1055 |
| الحكومة | |
| • العمدة | František Pilný |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالي | 33٫21 كم² (12٫82 ميل²) |
| المنسوب | 240 m (790 ft) |
| التعداد (2021-01-01)[1] | |
| • الإجمالي | 23٬140 |
| • الكثافة | 700/km2 (1٬800/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 537 01 |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | www |
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التقسيمات الادارية
Chrudim is made up of town parts of Chrudim I–IV and villages of Medlešice, Topol, Vestec and Vlčnov.
التاريخ
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The oldest archeological findings which provide first signs of the settlement in this area date back to the 5th millennium BC. Various cultures succeeded one on another in the territory of today's town of Chrudim and its vicinity. Since the 7th–8th century, the area is inhabited by Slavs.[2]
أول ذِكر مكتوب لخروديم كان في 1055، حين توفي الدوق Bretislav I died here according to Chronica Boemorum. بلدة خروديم الملكية أسسها في 1276 الملك أوتوكار الثاني من بوهيميا لموقعها على طريق من پراگ إلى موراڤيا. ومنذ 1307، فقد أصبحت dowry town تديرها ملكات بوهيميا.[2]
At the beginning of the Hussite Wars, Chrudim sided with the anti-Catholic side and the German-speaking population left the town. Since then, Chrudim has been an almost exclusively Czech territory by nationality. The town was in opposition to the ruling Habsburgs during the failed Estates Revolt in 1547 and Bohemian Revolt in 1618–1620, which always had serious consequences for it. Chrudim was also severely affected by the Thirty Years' War, during which the evangelical population left as a result of re-Catholicization.[2]
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Chrudim lost partly lost its economical and administrative importance, but it has become important educational and cultural centre, which led to its gain of the nickname "Athens of Eastern Bohemia". In 1871, the railway was built and the town regained economic significance.[2][3]
حتى 1918، كانت البلدة جزء من الملكية النمساوية[4] (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the Chrudim District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.[5]
الديمغرافيا
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| المصدر: Historical lexicon of municipalities of the Czech Republic[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الثقافة
Chrudim is known for the Loutkářská Chrudim Festival. The festival was established in 1951 and is the oldest continuous festival of puppetry in the world.[7]
المعالم
The main landmark of Chrudim is the Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary on the town square. The originally Gothic building was founded before 1349 on the site of a castle. After it was damaged by several fires, it was reconstructed to its current Neo-Gothic form in 1857.[8] Another notable churches with Gothic bases are Church of Saint Catherine, Church of Saint Michael, and Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.[9]
Resselovo Square is the main square of the historic centre. It is lined with preserved burgher houses and includes the originally Renaissance town hall with Baroque façade. In the middle of the square there is the Baroque richly decorated sculptural column of the Transfiguration.[9]
One of the architectural symbols of the town is the Renaissance Mydlářovský House, typical with arcades and oriental-looking triple tower. Today it houses the Museum of Puppetry Culture. A significant sight is also the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque building of the Regional Museum.[9]
The historic centre was delimited by the town walls. Most of the walls, including several bastions, have been preserved.[9]
أشخاص بارزون
- Bretislav I (1002/1005–1055), Bohemian duke; died here
- Viktorin Kornel of Všehrdy (c. 1460–1520), humanist, lawyer and writer
- Johann Andreas Kauchlitz Colizzi (c. 1742–1808), musician
- Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek (1783–1844), actor and theatre director
- يوزف رسل (1793–1857)، مخترع.
- Adrienne von Pötting (1856–1909), Austrian painter
- Kurt Freund (1914–1996), Czech-Canadian physician and sexologist
- Miloslav Výborný (born 1952), politician
- Dagmar Pecková (born 1961), operatic mezzo-soprano
- Dušan Salfický (born 1972), ice hockey player
- Michal Bobek (born 1977), judge
- Jiří Magál (born 1977), cross-country skier
- Petr Průcha (born 1982), ice hockey player
- Jakub Pešek (born 1993), footballer
البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
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المراجع
- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "Historie" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^ "About the city". Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 6 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 318. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 7–8.
- ^ "Festival Loutkářská Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Festival Loutkářská Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
- ^ "Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Kudy z nudy. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^ أ ب ت ث "O Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
