المعرفة

القوات المسلحة الأفغانية

(تم التحويل من Afghan Armed Forces)

الجيش الوطني الأفغاني (Pashto: د افغانستان ملي اردو / فارسية: اردوی ملی افغانستان) هو أحد فروع عسكرية أفغانستان ويقوم بتدريبه حاليا قوات التحالف ليتولى قيادة العمليات العسكرية الأرضية في أفغانستان. تأسس الجيش الأفغاني في ثمانينات القرن التاسع عشر حيث كانت البلاد تحت حكم الأمير عبد الرحمن خان.[2][3]

الجيش الوطني الأفغاني
Afghan National Army emblem.svg
شعار الجيش الوطني الأفغاني.
نشطة1880–1992, 2001–الآن
البلدأفغانستان
الدوردفاع وطني
الحجم108,000+ عامل (يناير2010) [1]
المقراتكابل
الألوانBlack, Red and Green             
القادة
القائد الأعلىبسم الله خان محمدي


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التاريخ

 
وحدة صغير في الجيش الأفغاني عام 1920.
 
الدفعة الأولى من خريجي القوات المسلحة الأفغانية في 2002.


 
جنود من الجيش الأفغاني في 2007.


مستويات القوات
الجنود من
90,000 1978[4]
100,000 1979[5]
25,000 1980[5]
25-35,000 1981[6][4]
25-40,000 1982[6]
35-40,000 1983[6]
35-40,000 1984[6]
40,000 1985[7]
1,750 2003[8][9]
13,000 2004 [10]
17,800, plus 3,400 in training 2005 [11]
26,900 2006 [12]
50,000 2007[13]
80,000 2008
90,000 2009[14]


الوضع الحالي

أحداث جارية

قوة الأفراد

الكتيبة

اللواءات

القوات

الكوماندوز

 
كوموندوز الجيش الأفغاني


التدريب

 
ANA soldiers undergoing training on how to conduct air assault missions in 2007.
 
Soldiers in training at Kandahar in 2008.
 
Soldiers training on how to clear Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on roads.


العمليات

 
A platoon of ANA soldiers at a rescue operation in February 2005.


عملية أخيل

معركة موسى قالا

المقالة الرئيسية: معركة موسى قالا

عملية مخلب النمر

المقالة الرئيسية: عملية مخلب النمر

العملية خنجر (غارة السيف)

المقالة الرئيسية: عملية غارة السيف


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التعبئة

مركبات القتال المدرعة

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
BRDM-2   Armoured Personnel Carriers   Mostly captured vehicles from the war with the Soviet Union, some were abandoned vehicles left behind by retreating Soviets and some were derelict vehicles left by the Soviets all over Afghanistan and brought back to working condition. Converted into an improvised fire support vehicle with a complete 57 mm rocket pod and pylon from aircraft or helicopter mounted upside down on the turret roof.
BMP-1   Armoured Personnel Carriers 120   During the Soviet War in Afghanistan a number of BMP-1 IFVs fell into the hands of Afghan Mujahideen who used them against their former owners.
BMP-2   Armoured Personnel Carriers 550 1987-2002   150 along with 1,500 9M111 Fagot ATGMs were ordered in 1987 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1987 and 1991 (some of the vehicles were possibly previously in Soviet service).550 BMP-1s and BMP-2s in service as of 1992. Between 60 and 80 BMP-1s and BMP-2s were delivered from Russia after 2002.
M113   Armoured Personnel Carriers 63  
Humvee   Armoured Personnel Carriers 4,150   Up-Armored M1151 and M1152 versions

دبابات القتال الرئيسية

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
PT-76   Main battle tank 60 1959-1996   50 were ordered in 1958 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1959 and 1961. 60 in service as of 1996.
T-55   Main battle tank 600 1961-1991   50 T-54s and 50 T-55s were ordered in 1961 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1962 and 1964 (T-54s were previously in Soviet service). 200 T-54s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1979 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service). 705 T-55s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1991 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service).[15] There were 1,000 T-54s, T-55s, T-62s and PT-76s were in service as of 1 April 1992.[16] Currently 600 T-55s are in service and are to be replaced with M60 Pattons.
T-62   Main battle tank 170 1973-1991   100 ordered in 1973 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1975 and 1976. 155 ordered in 1979 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1979 and 1991 (the vehicles were probably previously in Soviet service). T-62 variants in service with the Afghan army were T-62, T-62M and T-62M1.

الدفاع الجوي

الطراز صورة النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
BM-21 Grad   Multiple rocket launcher  
ZSU-23-4   Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 20   20 were delivered from USSR.
ZU-23-2   Anti-aircraft gun 5000   Mostly left by the Soviet Union at the time of the withdrawal
ZPU-4 Anti-aircraft gun   Variants include ZPU-1 and ZPU-2.
2A18   Howitzer  
M1937   Howitzer  
M1943   Howitzer  
M1938   Howitzer  
M114   Howitzer 24  
Scud   Tactical ballistic missile   Scud missiles were used in several regional conflicts that included use by Soviet and Afghan Communist forces in Afghanistan, and Iranians and Iraqis against one another in the so-called "War of the cities".


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الأسلحة

الطراز النوع العدد التاريخ المصنعون تفاصيل
Makarov PM Semi-automatic pistol  
Stechkin APS Semi-automatic pistol  
TT pistol Semi-automatic pistol  
M9 pistol Semi-automatic pistol  
Mosin-Nagant Bolt action rifle  
AKM Assault rifle  
AK-47 Assault rifle   Phased out of the service since 2008.
AK-74 Assault rifle   Remaining in national inventories from the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
Type 56 Assault rifle Assault rifle  
M16 rifle Assault rifle 104,000 2007-2009   The U.S. military provide the Afghan army with M-16 rifles as part of an modernization effort.
M4 carbine Assault rifle 2,200 2008-2009   Only used by Afghan Army commandos. M4s sold as part of a 2006 Foreign Military Sales package. Additional M4s sold as a 2008 Foreign Military Sales package.
C7 Assault rifle 2,500 2007-2008   In December 2007, Canada agreed to donate 2,500 surplus C7 rifles to the Afghan National Army along with training and ammunition.
M24 Sniper Weapon System Sniper rifle 1544  
Dragunov sniper rifle Sniper rifle  
M249 SAW Light machine gun 2,600  
M240 machine gun General purpose machine gun 4,300  
RPK ATM General purpose machine gun  
PK machine gun General purpose machine gun  
M2 Heavy machine gun 576  
DShK Heavy Machine Gun  
RPG-7 Rocket-propelled grenade  
SPG-9 Recoilless rifle  
GP-25 Grenade launcher  
M203 grenade launcher Grenade launcher 2,250  
82 mm Medium Mortar Mortar 58  
60mm M224 Mortar  
81mm M252 Mortar  


انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ British Battles: Second Afghan War (Battle of Maiwand)
  3. ^ British Battles: Second Afghan War (March to Kandahar and the Battle of Baba Wali)
  4. ^ أ ب Eur, Europa Publications Staff and Europa Publications. The Far East and Australasia 2003. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ أ ب Anthony Arnold. Afghanistan's two-party communism. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ أ ب ت ث J. Bruce Amstutz. The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-22. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Ed 2002 43rd, Taylor & Francis Group. The Europa World Year Book 2003. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-23. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ GlobalSecurity.org: Afghan Army graduates fifth battalion
  9. ^ SoldiersMagazine.com: Soldiers - the Official U.S. Army Magazine - March 2003
  10. ^ US Dept. of State: Cost of Freedom for Iraq Similar to Bringing Democracy to Others
  11. ^ US DoD: Afghan Army Has Made Great Progress, Says U.S. Officer
  12. ^ US Dept. of State: Afghanistan National Security Forces
  13. ^ Pajhwok Afghan News, Over 153,000 troops fighting 20,000 combatants: NATO
  14. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة U.S. Plans Vastly Expanded Afghan Security Force
  15. ^ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
  16. ^ Армии стран мира : Вооруженные силы иностранных государств на 2001 год : А

قراءات إضافية

  • Antonio Giustozzi, ‘Shadow Ownership and SSR in Afghanistan,’ Chap. 11 in Tim Donnais (ed.) 'Local Ownership and Security Sector Reform,' DCAF/Lit Verlag, Zurich/Berlin, 2008 ‘Local Ownership.’ Portrays a varying level of vested interest/warlord subversion of reform among the various security agencies; little local ownership at the MOD/ANA despite several attempts to seize more local control and subvert the foreign process by not proving enough personnel, imposing different officers, and wanting a conscript force. The army is financially unsustainable even at 70,000 strong and not being trained for combat in small units.
  • Antonio Giustozzi, 'Auxiliary Force or National Army: Afghanistan ‘ANA’ and the COIN Effort,' 2002-2006, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Vol. 18, No.1, 45-67, March 2007
  • War, politics and society in Afghanistan, 1978-1992, By Antonio Giustozzi

وصلات خارجية


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